2. Academic Validation
  3. Activating Effects of Phenolics from Apache Red Zea mays L. on Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 and Glucokinase Evaluated with a Dual Culture System with Epithelial, Pancreatic, and Liver Cells

Activating Effects of Phenolics from Apache Red Zea mays L. on Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 and Glucokinase Evaluated with a Dual Culture System with Epithelial, Pancreatic, and Liver Cells

  • J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Aug 21;67(33):9148-9159. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06642.
Diego A Luna-Vital 1,  Laura Chatham 2,  John Juvik 2,  Vijay Singh 3,  Pavel Somavat 4,  Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia 1
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 228 Edward R. Madigan Laboratory (ERML), 1201 West Gregory Drive , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.
  • 2 Department of Crop Sciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 307 Edward R. Madigan Laboratory (ERML), 1201 West Gregory Drive , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.
  • 3 Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1304 West Pennsylvania Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.
  • 4 School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences , The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley , ESCNE 1.618, 1201 West University Dr. , Edinburg , Texas 78539 , United States.
PMID: 30785272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06642
Abstract

The aim was to characterize a phenolic-rich water extract from the pericarp of an improved genotype of Apache red maize (RPE) and evaluate its ability to activate the type 2 diabetes markers Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 (GPR40) and Glucokinase (GK) in vitro. The extract contained mainly phenolic acids, anthocyanins, and Other Flavonoids. RPE inhibited α-amylase (IC50 = 88.3 μg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC50 = 169.3 μg/mL), and reduced glucose transport in a Caco-2 cell monolayer (up to 25%). Furthermore, RPE activated GPR40 (EC50 = 77.7 μg/mL) in pancreatic INS-1E cells and GK (EC50 = 43.4 μg/mL) in liver HepG2 cells, potentially through allosteric modulation. RPE activated GPR40-related Insulin secretory pathway and activated the glucose metabolism regulator AMPK (up to 78%). Our results support the hypothesis that foods with a high concentration of anthocyanins and phenolic acids, such as in the selected variety of maize used, could ameliorate obesity and type 2 diabetes comorbidities.

Keywords

anthocyanins; colored maize; free fatty acid receptor 1; type 2 diabetes.

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