A self-driven bioinspired nanovehicle by leukocyte membrane-hitchhiking for early detection and treatment of atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis, as a silent killer, remains one of the most common causes of human morbidity and mortality worldwide due to the lack of efficient strategy for early detection and targeted therapy. In this work, a self-driven bioinspired nanovehicle is developed, which can accurately manage early atherosclerosis with simultaneously multiple-targeting, dual-modality therapy as well as noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The magnetic nanoclusters (MNCs) with satisfactory superparamagnetism are camouflaged with leukocyte membranes, thus acquiring inherently targeting and transmigrating capabilities to intimal foam cells in early atherosclerotic lesions, which is validated using tailor-made microfluidic devices and transwell assays. Upon sequentially embedding an anti-inflammatory drug simvastatin (ST) and decorating a targetable Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic 4F peptide (AP), the as-fabricated MNC@M-ST/AP exhibits excellent anti-atherosclerotic effects by alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress as well as promoting Cholesterol efflux via RCT pathways. This bioinspired leukocyte membrane-hitchhiking strategy will open new perspectives for the future clinical translations of biocompatible nanosystem in early detection and treatment of atherosclerosis.