Autoantibody against angiotensin II type I receptor induces pancreatic β-cell apoptosis via enhancing autophagy

Autoantibody against the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1-AA) has been found in the serum of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, it remains unclear whether AT1-AA induces β-cell Apoptosis and participates in the development of DM. In this study, an AT1-AA-positive rat model was set up by active immunization, and AT1-AA IgG was purified. INS-1 cells were treated with AT1-AA, and cell viability, Apoptosis, and autophagy-related proteins were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis, respectively. Results showed that existence of AT1-AA impaired the islet function and increased the Apoptosis of pancreatic islet cells in rats, and the Autophagy level in rat pancreatic islet tissues tended to increase gradually with the prolongation of immunization time. AT1-AA markedly reduced INS-1 cell viability, promoted cell Apoptosis, and decreased Insulin secretion in vitro. In addition, the Autophagy level was gradually increased along with the prolongation of AT1-AA treatment time. Meanwhile, it was determined that treatment with Autophagy Inhibitor 3-methyladenine and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker telmisartan could improve Insulin secretion and Apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, it is deduced that upregulation of Autophagy contributed to the AT1-AA-induced β-cell Apoptosis and islet dysfunction, and AT1R mediated the signal transduction.