2. Academic Validation
  3. Exposure to N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) affects the growth and development of zebrafish embryos/larvae

Exposure to N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) affects the growth and development of zebrafish embryos/larvae

  • Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Mar 1:232:113221. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113221.
Weijuan Peng 1,  Chunsheng Liu 2,  Daqing Chen 3,  Xinbin Duan 4,  Liqiao Zhong 5
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of The Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
  • 2 College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
  • 3 Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of The Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China.
  • 4 Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of The Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China. Electronic address: duan@yfi.ac.cn.
  • 5 Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of The Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China. Electronic address: zhonglq@yfi.ac.cn.
PMID: 35085887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113221
Abstract

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is used as a ubiquitous rubber antioxidant worldwide and has been shown to be potentially toxic to aquatic organisms. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 6PPD for five days starting at two hours post-fertilization at concentrations of 0, 0.0022, 0.022, and 0.22 mg/L to investigate its effects on embryonic development, the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. The results showed that the 96 h LC50 of 6PPD was 2.2 mg/L. 6PPD exposure decreased hatchability, lowered autonomous movement, reduced body length in zebrafish embryos and caused deformities. The Hormones levels and the expression of genes related to GH/IGF and HPT axis were altered after exposure to 6PPD in zebrafish larvae. These results indicated that the GH/IGF and HPT axis was disturbed. Moreover, treatment of 6PPD produced oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos. Overall, the present study thus demonstrated that exposure to 0.22 mg/L 6PPD caused developmental toxicity and disrupted the GH/IGF and HPT axis of zebrafish, which could be responsible for developmental impairment and growth inhibition.

Keywords

6PPD; Growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis; Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis; Zebrafish.

Figures
Products