Omarigliptin alleviates cognitive dysfunction in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse

Increasing epidemiological evidence supports the strong association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and cognitive dysfunction. Omarigliptin is a long-acting Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor for the treatment of diabetes. However, the effect of Omarigliptin in diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction has not been reported. In this study, we established an in vivo diabetic mice model through streptozotocin (STZ) treatment and investigated the therapeutic effect of Omarigliptin in diabetic mice. The results show that administration with Omarigliptin reduced the food and water intake of STZ-induced diabetic mice, accompanied by decreased blood glucose levels and increased serum Insulin levels. The Y-Maze test demonstrated that Omarigliptin ameliorated cognitive dysfunction in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Omarigliptin presented a protective role in the brain, as shown by the decreased Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) level, increased NAD+/NADH ratio, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level, and ATP Synthase activity in the hippocampus. Omarigliptin induced the increased expression level of mitochondrial inner membrane protein Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and regulated its substrates, including forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Furthermore, knockdown of SIRT3 abolished the protective effects of Omarigliptin on mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive dysfunction in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that Omarigliptin improved Insulin sensitivity and cognitive function in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Mechanistically, SIRT3 expression is required for the effect of Omarigliptin. This study provided preclinical evidence that Omarigliptin has the neuroprotective effect to improve diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction.