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  2. Supplementation of Mangiferin to a High-Starch Diet Alleviates Hepatic Injury and Lipid Accumulation Potentially through Modulating Cholesterol Metabolism in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

Supplementation of Mangiferin to a High-Starch Diet Alleviates Hepatic Injury and Lipid Accumulation Potentially through Modulating Cholesterol Metabolism in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

  • Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Jun 13;13(6):722. doi: 10.3390/antiox13060722.
Yutong Zheng 1 2 Qisheng Lu 2 3 Jingyue Cao 2 3 Yulong Liu 2 3 Haokun Liu 2 Junyan Jin 2 Zhimin Zhang 2 Yunxia Yang 2 Xiaoming Zhu 2 Dong Han 2 3 4 Shouqi Xie 2 3 5
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
  • 3 College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
  • 4 Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China.
  • 5 The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
Abstract

Starch is a common source of Carbohydrates in aqua feed. High-starch diet can cause hepatic injury and lipid accumulation in fish. Mangiferin (MGF) can regulate lipid metabolism and protect the liver, but there is limited research on its effects in fish. In the present study, we investigated whether MGF could ameliorate high-starch-induced hepatic damage and lipid accumulation in channel catfish. The channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were fed one of four experimental diets for eight weeks: a control diet (NCD), a high-starch diet (HCD), an HCD supplemented with 100 mg/kg MGF (100 MGF), and an HCD supplemented with 500 mg/kg MGF (500 MGF). The results demonstrated that the weight gain rate (WGR) (p = 0.031), specific growth rate (SGR) (p = 0.039), and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) (p = 0.040) of the 500 MGF group were significantly higher than those of the NCD group. MGF supplementation alleviated liver damage and improved antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) compared to those of the HCD group (p = 0.000). In addition, dietary MGF significantly reduced plasma glucose (GLU) (p = 0.000), triglyceride (TG) (p= 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL) (p = 0.000) levels. It is noteworthy that MGF significantly reduced the plasma total Cholesterol (TC) levels (p = 0.000) and liver TC levels (p = 0.005) of channel catfish. Dietary MGF improves Cholesterol homeostasis by decreasing the expression of genes that are involved in Cholesterol synthesis and transport (hmgcr, sqle, srebf2, sp1, and LDLR) and increasing the expression of genes that are involved in Cholesterol catabolism (cyp7a1). Among them, the largest fold decrease in squalene epoxidase (sqle) expression levels was observed in the 100 MGF or 500 MGF groups compared with the HCD group, with a significant decrease of 3.64-fold or 2.20-fold (p = 0.008). And the 100 MGF or 500 MGF group had significantly decreased (by 1.67-fold or 1.94-fold) Sqle protein levels compared to those of the HCD group (p = 0.000). In primary channel catfish hepatocytes, MGF significantly down-regulated the expression of sqle (p = 0.030) and reduced Cholesterol levels (p = 0.000). In NCTC 1469 cells, MGF significantly down-regulated the expression of sqle (p = 0.000) and reduced Cholesterol levels (p = 0.024). In conclusion, MGF effectively inhibits sqle expression and reduces Cholesterol accumulation. The current study shows how MGF supplementation regulates the metabolism and accumulation of Cholesterol in channel catfish, providing a theoretical basis for the use of MGF as a dietary supplement in aquaculture.

Keywords

channel catfish; cholesterol metabolism; mangiferin; sqle; starch.

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