Involvement of Piezo 1 in inhibition of shear-induced platelet activation and arterial thrombosis by ginsenoside Rb1

Background and purpose: Shear-induced platelet activation and aggregation (SIPA) play crucial roles in arterial thrombosis. Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive Calcium Channel that promotes platelet hyperactivation under pathological high-shear conditions. This study explores the function of platelet Piezo1 in SIPA and arterial thrombosis, and the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rb1 on these processes.

Experimental approach: Transgenic mice with platelet-specific Piezo1 deficiency (Piezo1^ΔPlt) were used to elucidate the role of platelet Piezo1 in SIPA and arterial thrombosis. A microfluidic channel system was employed to assess platelet aggregation, calcium influx, calpain activity, talin cleavage, Integrin αIIbβ3 activation and P-selectin expression under shear flow. Cellular thermal shift assay was used to determine binding between Rb1 and Piezo1. Folts-like model in mice was used to evaluate antithrombotic effects of Rb1.

Key results: Piezo1 deficiency in platelets reduced platelet activation and aggregation induced by a high shear rate of 4000 s^-1 and attenuated arterial thrombosis induced by Folts-like mouse model. Rb1 inhibited SIPA with an IC₅₀ of 10.8 μM. Rb1 inhibited shear-induced CA²⁺-dependent platelet activation and aggregation, as well as thrombus formation in Folts-like model in Piezo1^fl/fl mice. Rb1 significantly improved thermal stability of Piezo1 in platelets by binding to Piezo1. Treatment of Piezo1^ΔPlt mice with Rb1 did not exhibit further inhibitory effects on SIPA and thrombosis.

Conclusion and implications: Platelet Piezo1 is essential for SIPA and arterial thrombosis induced by high shear. Rb1 exerted anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic effects at high shear rates via Piezo1 channels, providing a potential candidate as antiplatelet therapeutic agent.

Piezo1; arterial thrombosis; ginsenoside Rb1; platelet; shear rate.