I-309/CCL1 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, Fc)

I-309/CCL1 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, Fc) is a cytokine that mediates inflammatory immune responses, viral infections, and tumorigenesis by interacting with the CCR8 chemokine receptor on the cell surface and attracting monocytes, natural killer cells, and immature B-cell nuclear dendritic cells. I-309/CCL1 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, Fc) is a recombinant mouse CCL1 (K24-C92) expressed by HEK293 with a -hFc tag at the nitrogen end^[1].

CCL1 is a small glycoprotein belonging to the CC chemokine family with a molecular weight of approximately 15-16 kDa, known as small inducible cytokine I-309 in humans and TCA-3 in mice. CCL1 is secreted by activated monocytes, macrophages, T lymphocytes and endothelial cells and is chemotactic for monocytes but not for neutrophils^[1].    CCL1 can be activated by interaction with the cell surface chemokine receptor CCR8, which induces Ca²⁺ influx, stimulates transient increases in cytoplasmic free calcium concentration in monocytes, and inhibits apoptosis in thymocyte lines via the RAS/MAPK pathway. Among others, CCR8 is constitutively expressed in monocytes, macrophages, Th2 and regulatory T lymphocytes and is the sole receptor for the human CCL1 and for the viral chemokine, vCCL1 (viral macrophage inflammatory protein 1). CCR8 has been shown to be associated with phagocytic macrophages and activated microglia in MS lesions and is directly related to demyelinating activity^[2].     CCL1 is involved in inflammatory processes through leukocyte recruitment and can play a key role in angiogenesis and other viral and neoplastic processes. A number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CCL1 gene have been associated with the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In parallel, CCL1 plays a role in various CNS functions and diseases and may be associated with neuroinflammatory disorders^[3].

CCL1 (instill, in 5 μL of LPS-free PBS (5 μg/kg), every 3 days for one month ) can induce pulmonary fibrotic changes, decrease lung function and increase collagen deposition in C57BL/6J mice by exogenous addition. Besides, CCL1 activates fibroblasts in the lung through CCR8 recruitment and induces migration of lung fibroblasts^[4].
  CCL1 (s.c., 1-1 µg/kg) produces a dose-dependent and long-lasting increase in thermal withdrawal latency, noxious thermal stimulation is observed at 1 µg/kg and a decrease in spinal cord neurons expressing Fos protein, further indicating its analgesic properties in male Swiss mice^[5].

Mouse

HEK293

N-hFc

P10146 (K24-C92)

20290  [NCBI]

Approximately 44 kDa

Greater than 90% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized powder.

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4. Normally 5 % - 8 % trehalose, mannitol and 0.01% Tween 80 are added as protectants before lyophilization.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O.

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. M D Miller, et al. The human cytokine I-309 is a monocyte chemoattractant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Apr 1;89(7):2950-4.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. A Zingoni, et al. The chemokine receptor CCR8 is preferentially expressed in Th2 but not Th1 cells. J Immunol. 1998 Jul 15;161(2):547-51.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Gültekin Tamgüney, et al. Autocrine stimulation of rhadinovirus-transformed T cells by the chemokine CCL1/I-309. Oncogene. 2004 Nov 4;23(52):8475-85.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Shan-Shan Liu, et al. The chemokine CCL1 triggers an AMFR-SPRY1 pathway that promotes differentiation of lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and drives pulmonary fibrosis. Immunity. 2021 Oct 12;54(10):2433-2435.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Mario García-Domínguez, et al. The Systemic Administration of the Chemokine CCL1 Evokes Thermal Analgesia in Mice Through the Activation of the Endocannabinoid System. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2019 Nov;39(8):1115-1124.  [Content Brief]