MEC/CCL28 Protein, Human

MEC/CCL28 Protein, Human is a CC chemokine that is present in almost all mucosal tissues and acts as a unifying immunostimulant on mucosal surfaces. CCL28 can bind to CCR3 and CCR10 to mediate immune responses, viral infections, cancer, and antimicrobial effects. MEC/CCL28 Protein, Human is a recombinant human MEC/CCL28(S20-Y127) protein expressed by E. coli^[1][2].

CCL28, also known as mucosal associated epithelial chemokine (MEC), CCK1, and SCYA28, is a chemokine. It is expressed in various mucosal sites, including salivary glands and mammary glands, trachea and colon, and small intestine. CCL28 has been classified as an important component chemokine in homeostasis lymphocyte transport and can bind to CCR3 and CCR10. Among them, CCL28 can chemotactic CCR10 expression of CD4 and CD8 T cell populations, as well as CCR3 expression of eosinophils migration. However, in the intestinal mucosa, few T cells express CCR10. In contrast, in the B-cell population, CCR10 can be selectively expressed by IgA plasma mother cells and IgA-secreting cells (i.e. plasma cells), which play a key role in homing plasma mother cells to extraintestinal effector sites^[1]. CCL28 is constitutively expressed in the colon, but its levels can be increased by pro-inflammatory cytokines and certain bacterial products that play a role in effector cell recruitment to sites of epithelial injury.CCL28 can act as a unifying immunostimulant on the mucosal surface and is involved in the migration of IgA-expressing cells to the breast, salivary glands, intestine, and other mucosal tissues. In addition, CCL28 exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as fungi, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Further studies also showed that the positively charged amino acids at the C-terminal end of CCL28 significantly contributed to the antibacterial activity of the protein, and its characteristic hydrophobicity and amphiphilicity also contributed to its killing activity^[2].

CCL28 (0.1-100 ng/mL) dose-dependently enhances endothelial cell chemotaxis and promotes tube formation in HUVECs. CCL28 (10 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL; 1 h) phosphorylates ERK, but not p38, AKT, JNK in the endothelial cells^[6].

1.Full biological activity determined by a chemotaxis bioassay using human lymphocytes is in a concentration range of 1.0-10.0 ng/ml.
2.Measured by its ability to chemoattract MDA-MB-231 cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 28.27 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 35373.187 U/mg.
3.Determined by its ability to chemoattract BaF3 mouse pro-B cells transfected with human CCR10 .The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.4187-0.4625 μg/mL.

Human

E. coli

Tag Free

Q9NRJ3-1 (S20-Y127)

56477  [NCBI]

SEAILPIASSCCTEVSHHISRRLLERVNMCRIQRADGDCDLAAVILHVKRRRICVSPHNHTVKQWMKVQAAKKNGKGNVCHRKKHHGKRNSNRAHQGKHETYGHKTPY

Approximately 12.4-14 kDa

Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized powder

Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 20 mM PB, pH 7.4, 130 mM NaCl or PBS, pH 7.4 or PBS, pH 7.4, 8% trehalose.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Hiroyuki Ogawa, et al. Regulated production of the chemokine CCL28 in human colon epithelium. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2004 Nov;287(5):G1062-9.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Meurens F, et al. Expression of mucosal chemokines TECK/CCL25 and MEC/CCL28 during fetal development of the ovine mucosal immune system. Immunology. 2007 Apr;120(4):544-55.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Teena Mohan, et al. CCL28 chemokine: An anchoring point bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Int Immunopharmacol. 2017 Oct;51:165-170.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Chan Sun, et al. Chemokine CCL28 induces apoptosis of decidual stromal cells via binding CCR3/CCR10 in human spontaneous abortion. Mol Hum Reprod. 2013 Oct;19(10):676-86.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Malin Hansson, et al. CCL28 is increased in human Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis and mediates recruitment of gastric immunoglobulin A-secreting cells. Infect Immun. 2008 Jul;76(7):3304-11.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Chen Z, et al. Characterising the expression and function of CCL28 and its corresponding receptor, CCR10, in RA pathogenesis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Oct;74(10):1898-906.  [Content Brief]