Glutathione Synthesis

By Targets:	Glutathione Peroxidase (2) ADC Linker (1) Amino Acid Derivatives (1) Biochemical Assay Reagents (1) Drug Intermediate (1) Endogenous Metabolite (4) Ferroptosis (2) Interleukin Related (1) LDLR (2) Reactive Oxygen Species (2) TNF Receptor (1)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (3) Cardiovascular Disease (2) Inflammation/Immunology (4) Metabolic Disease (5)

Targets Recommended: DNA/RNA Synthesis Glutathione Peroxidase Glutathione Reductase (GR) Glutathione S-transferase

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-144868

Glutathione synthesis-IN-1	Others	Metabolic Disease
Glutathione synthesis-IN-1 (DC-1) is a **glutathione synthesis** inhibitor .

HY-133105

Procysteine Oxothiazolidinecarboxylic acid	Drug Intermediate	Inflammation/Immunology
Procysteine, an antioxidant, is a proagent of cysteine that is inert until metabolized to cysteine intracellulary, thus stimulating glutathione synthesis .

HY-W010104

L-Methionine sulfoxide H-Met(O)-OH	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
L-Methionine sulfoxide is an orally active oxidation product of Methionine (HY-N0326). L-Methionine sulfoxide can be partially converted into Methionine in the body and participate in the synthesis of glutathione in the liver. L-Methionine sulfoxide provides the body with sulfur activity and can participate in the synthesis of proteins and sulfur-containing compounds .

HY-W015600

2-Acetamidophenol Orthocetamol	Ferroptosis Glutathione Peroxidase Reactive Oxygen Species LDLR	Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology
2-Acetamidophenol (Orthocetamol) is a regulator that targets ferroptosis and glutathione metabolic pathways, is the ortho-regioisomer of Paracetamol (HY-66005). 2-Acetamidophenol has anti-atherosclerotic activity, and inhibiting total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in a zebrafish hyperlipidemia model with IC₅₀s for 30 μM and 40 μM, respectively. 2-Acetamidophenol upregulates the expression of glutathione synthesis-related genes (such as GCLC, GCLM, GSS) and iron ion transport genes (such as FPN1, FTH), reduces the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferrous ions (Fe ²⁺), and enhances the activity of glutathione peroxidase GPX4, thereby inhibiting macrophage phagocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and foam cell formation .

HY-113402A

Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA 2 Publications Verification γ-Glutamylcysteine TFA	Interleukin Related TNF Receptor Endogenous Metabolite	Inflammation/Immunology
Gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-Glutamylcysteine) TFA, an intermediate in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, is a dipeptide served as an essential cofactor for the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA also upregulates the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and reduces the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β). Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA attenuates the changes in metalloproteinase activity in oligomeric Aβ40-treated astrocytes .

HY-Y1147

Diethyl maleate 1 Publications Verification Maleic acid diethyl ester	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Diethyl maleate (DEM) is an orally available, effective glutathione (GSH) depletor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Diethyl maleate covalently binds irreversibly to GSH via glutathione S-transferase with an in vitro IC50 of 0.1-0.5 mM. Diethyl maleate selectively depletes GSH in liver, lung, and brain tissues, exacerbating oxidative stress and enhancing hyperbaric oxygen toxicity. Diethyl maleate promotes precursor amino acid uptake and in turn promotes GSH synthesis by upregulating the activity of the cystine-glutamate transporter X_{O ^-}. Diethyl maleate can be used to study redox homeostasis and GSH protection mechanisms in oxidative stress-related diseases such as hyperbaric oxygen injury and metabolic diseases[1][2][3].

HY-Y0337A

L-Cysteine hydrochloride Maximum Cited Publications 8 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Cancer
L-Cysteine hydrochloride is an orally active conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine hydrochloride suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents. L-Cysteine hydrochloride inhibits Aspergillus flavus growth and AFB synthesis by disrupting cell structure and antioxidant system balance. L-Cysteine hydrochloride enhances relaxant responses of rat aortic rings to NO and reduces responses to endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) .

HY-117409

Aminoethyl-SS-ethylalcohol	ADC Linker	Cancer
Aminoethyl-SS-ethylalcohol is a glutathione cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) .

HY-W423573

N,S-Diacetylcysteine methyl ester	Amino Acid Derivatives	Others Metabolic Disease
N,S-Diacetylcysteine methyl ester is a cysteine derivative that can increase the levels of intracellular cysteine and glutathione. N,S-Diacetylcysteine methyl ester is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterase to release cysteine, thereby promoting the synthesis of glutathione. Due to its acetylation properties, N,S-Diacetylcysteine methyl ester has better cell membrane permeability and can enter the cell more effectively. N,S-Diacetylcysteine methyl ester can be used to study the intracellular cysteine and glutathione (GSH) transport system .

HY-W015600R

2-Acetamidophenol (Standard) Orthocetamol (Standard)	Ferroptosis Glutathione Peroxidase Reactive Oxygen Species LDLR	Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology
2-Acetamidophenol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Acetamidophenol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Acetamidophenol (Orthocetamol) is a regulator that targets ferroptosis and glutathione metabolic pathways, is the ortho-regioisomer of Paracetamol (HY-66005). 2-Acetamidophenol has anti-atherosclerotic activity, and inhibiting total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in a zebrafish hyperlipidemia model with IC₅₀s for 30 μM and 40 μM, respectively. 2-Acetamidophenol upregulates the expression of glutathione synthesis-related genes (such as GCLC, GCLM, GSS) and iron ion transport genes (such as FPN1, FTH), reduces the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferrous ions (Fe ²⁺), and enhances the activity of glutathione peroxidase GPX4, thereby inhibiting macrophage phagocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and foam cell formation .

HY-Y0337AR

L-Cysteine (hydrochloride) (Standard)	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Cancer
L-Cysteine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Cysteine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Cysteine hydrochloride is an orally active conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine hydrochloride suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents. L-Cysteine hydrochloride inhibits Aspergillus flavus growth and AFB synthesis by disrupting cell structure and antioxidant system balance. L-Cysteine hydrochloride enhances relaxant responses of rat aortic rings to NO and reduces responses to endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) [4].

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-Y1147

Diethyl maleate 1 Publications Verification Maleic acid diethyl ester	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Diethyl maleate (DEM) is an orally available, effective glutathione (GSH) depletor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Diethyl maleate covalently binds irreversibly to GSH via glutathione S-transferase with an in vitro IC50 of 0.1-0.5 mM. Diethyl maleate selectively depletes GSH in liver, lung, and brain tissues, exacerbating oxidative stress and enhancing hyperbaric oxygen toxicity. Diethyl maleate promotes precursor amino acid uptake and in turn promotes GSH synthesis by upregulating the activity of the cystine-glutamate transporter X_{O ^-}. Diethyl maleate can be used to study redox homeostasis and GSH protection mechanisms in oxidative stress-related diseases such as hyperbaric oxygen injury and metabolic diseases[1][2][3].

Diethyl maleate

1 Publications Verification

Maleic acid diethyl ester

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Diethyl maleate (DEM) is an orally available, effective glutathione (GSH) depletor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Diethyl maleate covalently binds irreversibly to GSH via glutathione S-transferase with an in vitro IC50 of 0.1-0.5 mM. Diethyl maleate selectively depletes GSH in liver, lung, and brain tissues, exacerbating oxidative stress and enhancing hyperbaric oxygen toxicity. Diethyl maleate promotes precursor amino acid uptake and in turn promotes GSH synthesis by upregulating the activity of the cystine-glutamate transporter X_{O ^-}. Diethyl maleate can be used to study redox homeostasis and GSH protection mechanisms in oxidative stress-related diseases such as hyperbaric oxygen injury and metabolic diseases[1][2][3].

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-K1046

L-Glutamine (100×), Sterile
L-glutamine is an important amino acid supplement commonly added to mammalian cell culture media. L-glutamine serves as an auxiliary energy source, especially when cells are rapidly dividing. L-glutamine is also important in the production of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, amino sugars, glutathione, L-glutamate, other amino acids, and plays a role in protein synthesis and glucose production.

L-Glutamine (100×), Sterile

L-glutamine is an important amino acid supplement commonly added to mammalian cell culture media. L-glutamine serves as an auxiliary energy source, especially when cells are rapidly dividing. L-glutamine is also important in the production of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, amino sugars, glutathione, L-glutamate, other amino acids, and plays a role in protein synthesis and glucose production.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-W010104

L-Methionine sulfoxide H-Met(O)-OH	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
L-Methionine sulfoxide is an orally active oxidation product of Methionine (HY-N0326). L-Methionine sulfoxide can be partially converted into Methionine in the body and participate in the synthesis of glutathione in the liver. L-Methionine sulfoxide provides the body with sulfur activity and can participate in the synthesis of proteins and sulfur-containing compounds .

HY-113402A

Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA 2 Publications Verification γ-Glutamylcysteine TFA	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Source classification Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields	Interleukin Related TNF Receptor Endogenous Metabolite
Gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-Glutamylcysteine) TFA, an intermediate in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, is a dipeptide served as an essential cofactor for the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA also upregulates the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and reduces the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β). Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA attenuates the changes in metalloproteinase activity in oligomeric Aβ40-treated astrocytes .

HY-Y0337A

L-Cysteine hydrochloride 5+ Cited Publications	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Anti-aging Source classification Metabolic Disease Amino acids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
L-Cysteine hydrochloride is an orally active conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine hydrochloride suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents. L-Cysteine hydrochloride inhibits Aspergillus flavus growth and AFB synthesis by disrupting cell structure and antioxidant system balance. L-Cysteine hydrochloride enhances relaxant responses of rat aortic rings to NO and reduces responses to endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) .

HY-Y0337AR

L-Cysteine (hydrochloride) (Standard)	Structural Classification Source classification Amino acids Endogenous metabolite	Endogenous Metabolite
L-Cysteine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Cysteine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Cysteine hydrochloride is an orally active conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine hydrochloride suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents. L-Cysteine hydrochloride inhibits Aspergillus flavus growth and AFB synthesis by disrupting cell structure and antioxidant system balance. L-Cysteine hydrochloride enhances relaxant responses of rat aortic rings to NO and reduces responses to endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) [4].

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Glutathione Synthesis

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