Xanthomicrol 

Xanthomicrol is extracted from the resin of the plant called Chinese bellflower (a member of the Scrophulariaceae family) and is a monoamine oxidase (MAOs) inhibitor. Xanthomicrol has anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties, with IC₅₀ values of 0.88 and 1.69 μg/mL in HL60 and K562 cells. Xanthomicrol's the main metabolite of 5DT in mouse colon, and it can reduce levels of iNOS protein and mRNA, as well as COX-2 protein levels. Additionally, Xanthomicrol decreases the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and induces the expression of the antioxidant enzyme HO-1^{[1][2][3][4][5]}.

344.32

C₁₈H₁₆O₇

16545-23-6

Solid

Light yellow to yellow

COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=C2C(C(C=C(C3=CC=C(O)C=C3)O2)=O)=C1O

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

4°C, stored under nitrogen

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)

• [1]. F. A. TOMAS-BARBERAN, et al. Epicuticular Flavonoids from Beffardia trixago and their Antifungal Fully Methylated Derivatives. Int. J. Crude Drug Res., 28 (l990), No. I, pp. 57-60.

  [2]. Fereshteh Jahaniani, et al. Xanthomicrol is the main cytotoxic component of Dracocephalum kotschyii and a potential anti-cancer agent. Phytochemistry. 2005 Jul;66(13):1581-92.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Shanshan Guo, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of xanthomicrol, a major colonic metabolite of 5-demethyltangeretin. Food & Function. 30-Apr-2018.

  [4]. Fatma Pinar Turkmenoglu, et al. Flavonoids from Sideritis Species: Human Monoamine Oxidase (hMAO) Inhibitory Activities, Molecular Docking Studies and Crystal Structure of Xanthomicrol. Molecules. 2015 Apr 23;20(5):7454-73.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Shanshan Guo, et al. Identification of xanthomicrol as a major colonic metabolite of 5-demethyltangeretin in mice and their anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food & Function. 30-Apr-2018.