L-Homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride

Name: L-Homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-101404A
Rating: 4.5 (1 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-101404A Purity: 99.99%: FAQs
Data Sheet SDS COA Handling Instructions

Molarity Calculator

L-Homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride is an intramolecular thioester of Homocysteine. Homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride prevents translational incorporation of homocysteine into proteins. L-Homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride can induce elevated HHcy (hyperhomocysteinemia) in mice.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

L-Homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 31828-68-9

Size	Price	Stock	Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in Water ready for reconstitution	USD 33	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in Water	USD 33	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
10 mg	USD 30	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
25 mg	USD 55	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
50 mg	USD 78	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
100 mg	USD 110	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
200 mg		Get quote
500 mg		Get quote

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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of L-Homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride:

DL-Homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride Get quote

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Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

In Vitro

L-Homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride (20 μM; for 24 h) shows significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines IP-10, TNFα, IL-1β, and IL6^[2].
L-Homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride (100 μM; for 24 h) shows significantly higher ratios of nuclear/cytoplasmic NF-κB, indicating that Homocysteine (Hcy)-induced NF-κB activation and nuclear translocation^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Western Blot Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:	U937 cells
Concentration:	100 μM
Incubation Time:	24 h
Result:	Showed significantly higher ratios of nuclear/cytoplasmic NF-κB.

RT-PCR^[2]

Cell Line:	U937 cells
Concentration:	20 μM
Incubation Time:	24 h
Result:	Showed significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines IP-10, TNFα, IL-1β, and IL6.

In Vivo

L-Homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride can be used to create models of hyperhomocysteinemia^[2].

Induction of Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)^[2]^[3]

Background

Homocysteine (Hcy) is an amino acid that requires vitamins B12 and folic acid for its metabolism. Vitamins B12 and folic acid deficiencies lead to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy, elevated Hcy), which is linked to the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Specific Mmodeling Methods

Male C57Mice: cbs^+/-; 3-5 weeks • C57BL6/J; 6-8 weeks of age
Administration: 1 μL • intravitreally • 200 μM BL/6 mice (5 weeks old)

Note

(1) To avoid uncontrolled intraocular pressure increase, the volume of intravitreal injections is limited to 1 μL.
(2) L-Homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride is dissolved in water and a working solution of 10x is prepared by diluting 1 μL of stock solution (200 mM) to 100 μL with PBS. Then by injecting 1 μL of this working solution, 200 μM vitreal concentration of Hcy-thiolactone is obtained.

Modeling Indicators

Molecular changes: Caused microglia activation in the retina. Increased indicators: pro-inflammatory cytokines IP-10, TNFα, IL-1β, and IL6

Correlated Product(s): L-Homocysteine (HY-W010347)

Opposite Product(s): /

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	cbs^+/- mice and normal wild type mice (C57BL6/J), 6-8 weeks of age^[2]
Dosage:	1 μL; 200 μM
Administration:	Intravitreally
Result:	Normal retinal flat-mount preparations from cbs^+/+ mice showed quiescent ramified microglia, while cbs^-/- and cbs^+/- retinas demonstrated rod-like microglia devoid of branching processes, indicating microglia activation in HHcy mice.

Molecular Weight

153.63

Formula

C₄H₈ClNOS

CAS No.

31828-68-9

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

N[C@@H](CCS1)C1=O.Cl

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 116.67 mg/mL (759.42 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : ≥ 23 mg/mL (149.71 mM)

*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	6.5091 mL	32.5457 mL	65.0915 mL
5 mM	1.3018 mL	6.5091 mL	13.0183 mL
10 mM	0.6509 mL	3.2546 mL	6.5091 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (650.91 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.99%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (281 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (249 KB) HNMR (238 KB) RP-HPLC (232 KB) MS (69 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Jakubowski H, et al. Homocysteine thiolactone: metabolic origin and protein homocysteinylation in humans. J Nutr. 2000 Feb;130(2S Suppl):377S-381S. [Content Brief]

[2]. Nehal M Elsherbiny, et al. Homocysteine Induces Inflammation in Retina and Brain. Biomolecules. 2020 Mar 3;10(3):393. [Content Brief]

[3]. Ahmed S Ibrahim, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia disrupts retinal pigment epithelial structure and function with features of age-related macular degeneration. Oncotarget. 2016 Feb 23;7(8):8532-45. [Content Brief]

[4]. Olivera Stanojlović, et al. Two types of seizures in homocysteine thiolactone-treated adult rats, behavioral and electroencephalographic study. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2009 May;29(3):329-39. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	6.5091 mL	32.5457 mL	65.0915 mL	162.7286 mL
	5 mM	1.3018 mL	6.5091 mL	13.0183 mL	32.5457 mL
	10 mM	0.6509 mL	3.2546 mL	6.5091 mL	16.2729 mL
	15 mM	0.4339 mL	2.1697 mL	4.3394 mL	10.8486 mL
	20 mM	0.3255 mL	1.6273 mL	3.2546 mL	8.1364 mL
	25 mM	0.2604 mL	1.3018 mL	2.6037 mL	6.5091 mL
	30 mM	0.2170 mL	1.0849 mL	2.1697 mL	5.4243 mL
	40 mM	0.1627 mL	0.8136 mL	1.6273 mL	4.0682 mL
	50 mM	0.1302 mL	0.6509 mL	1.3018 mL	3.2546 mL
	60 mM	0.1085 mL	0.5424 mL	1.0849 mL	2.7121 mL
	80 mM	0.0814 mL	0.4068 mL	0.8136 mL	2.0341 mL
	100 mM	0.0651 mL	0.3255 mL	0.6509 mL	1.6273 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.