2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-137011
    3,9-Dihydroeucomin
    		Inhibitor
    3,9-Dihydroeucomin (compound 12) is a natural homoisoflavonoid compound with less COX-2 inhibitory activitys.
    3,9-Dihydroeucomin
  • HY-W419589
    Xanthomicrol
    		Inhibitor
    Xanthomicrol is extracted from the resin of the plant called Chinese bellflower (a member of the Scrophulariaceae family) and is a monoamine oxidase (MAOs) inhibitor. Xanthomicrol has anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties, with IC50 values of 0.88 and 1.69 μg/mL in HL60 and K562 cells. Xanthomicrol's the main metabolite of 5DT in mouse colon, and it can reduce levels of iNOS protein and mRNA, as well as COX-2 protein levels. Additionally, Xanthomicrol decreases the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and induces the expression of the antioxidant enzyme HO-1.
    Xanthomicrol
  • HY-W121901
    Naproxen glucuronide
    		98.71%
    Naproxen glucuronide ((S)-Naproxen-β-D-glucuronide) is a non-selective COX inhibitor. Naproxen glucuronide, a metabolite of naproxen, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the propionic acid class (the same as ibuprofen) that relieves pain, fever, swelling, and stiffness.
    Naproxen glucuronide
  • HY-19675
    Naproxen etemesil
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    Naproxen etemesil is a lipophilic, non-acidic, inactive proagent of naproxen that is hydrolysed to pharmacologically active Naproxen once absorbed. Naproxen is a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor with IC50s of 8.72 and 5.15 μM, respectively in cell assay.
    Naproxen etemesil
  • HY-B1398R
    Ampyrone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ampyrone (4-Aminophenazone) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ampyrone (HY-B1398). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ampyrone (4-Aminophenazone; 4-Aminoantipyrine) is a reversible and low-damage optical clearing agent and non-selective COX inhibitor based on UV absorption properties. Ampyrone can improve the optical transmittance of mouse skin and other tissues. Ampyrone can induce tissue refractive index matching by enhancing UV absorption, reduce light scattering, and achieve tissue transparency in vivo. Ampyrone reduces the synthesis of prostaglandin PGE2, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. Ampyrone inhibits DNA damage, cell apoptosis and immune cell phagocytosis induced by Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) and Cisplatin (HY-17394), etc., and participates in the regulation of toxicity in tumor chemotherapy.
    Ampyrone (Standard)
  • HY-78131S3
    Ibuprofen-13C6
    		Inhibitor 98.24%
    Ibuprofen-13C6 ((±)-Ibuprofen-13C6) is a 13C labeled Ibuprofen (HY-78131). Ibuprofen ((±)-Ibuprofen) is a potent, orally active, selective COX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 13 μM. Ibuprofen inhibits cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and induces cell apoptosis. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Ibuprofen ((±)-Ibuprofen) can be used in the research of pain, swelling, inflammation, infection, immunology, cancers.
    Ibuprofen-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-105872
    Trifenagrel
    		Inhibitor 99.35%
    Trifenagrel is an orally active platelet aggregation inhibitor that inhibits the inducing effects of arachidonic acid (AA) and collagen. The ED50s of trifenagrel for inhibiting AA- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation in guinea pigs were 1.4 mg/kg and 9.4 mg/kg, respectively.
    Trifenagrel
  • HY-B1153R
    Glafenine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Glafenine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glafenine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glafenine (Glafenin) is a non-selective, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-based COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor. Glafenine exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-cell migration effects by inhibiting the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway and reducing prostaglandin synthesis. Glafenine can induce cell cycle arrest in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells and reduce the synthesis of the extracellular matrix protein Tenascin. Glafenine can be used in the research of inflammatory-related diseases, vascular restenosis and cystic fibrosis (CF).
    Glafenine (Standard)
  • HY-U00129
    SC57666
    		Inhibitor 98.94%
    SC57666 is a selective COX2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 26 nM.
    SC57666
  • HY-B1227R
    Carprofen (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Carprofen (Standard) is the analytical standard of Carprofen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Carprofen is a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a multi-target FAAH/COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 3.9 μM, 22.3 μM and 78.6 μM for COX-2, COX-1 and FAAH, respectively.
    Carprofen (Standard)
  • HY-U00146
    FR-188582
    		Inhibitor 99.12%
    FR-188582 is a highly selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, with an IC50 value of 17 nM.
    FR-188582
  • HY-15029S
    (±)-Naproxen-d3
    		99.77%
    (±)-Naproxen-d3 is the deuterium labeled (±)-Naproxen. (±)-Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
    (±)-Naproxen-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-W268542
    4-Acetylaminoantipyrine
    		Inhibitor 99.60%
    4-Acetylaminoantipyrine (4-AA) is a derivative of antipyrine (HY-B0171). 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine acts as a PGE2-dependent blocker and inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX). 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine can inhibit Cu/ZnSOD. 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine can spontaneously bind with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and alter its conformation.
    4-Acetylaminoantipyrine
  • HY-B0578S
    Loxoprofen-d4
    		Inhibitor 99.04%
    Loxoprofen-d4 is deuterium labeled Loxoprofen. Loxoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and anti-pyretic properties. Loxoprofen sodium is a nonselective COX inhibitor with IC50s of 6.5 and 13.5 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.
    Loxoprofen-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-127125
    Diclofenac ethyl ester
    		Inhibitor 99.28%
    Diclofenac ethyl ester is the prodrug of Diclofenac (HY-15036), that is encapsulated in polymer micelles in vitro, and released with prolonged circulation time and reduced drug concentrations in the heart and kidneys in vivo.
    Diclofenac ethyl ester
  • HY-120178
    (±)7(8)-DiHDPA
    		98.00%
    (±)7(8)-DiHDPA is a epoxygenase metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid (HY-B2167). (±)7(8)-DiHDPA inhibits platelet aggregation at concentrations below those affecting thromboxane synthesis.
    (±)7(8)-DiHDPA
  • HY-N6663
    3-Carene
    		Inhibitor
    3-Carene is a bicyclic monoterpene in essential oils extracted from pine trees. 3-Carene inhibits nociceptive stimulus-induced inflammatory infiltrates and COX-2 overexpression, and with antinociceptive effect. 3-Carene stimulates the activity and expression of alkaline phosphatase that is an early phase marker of osteoblastic differentiation.
    3-Carene
  • HY-B0386R
    Flunixin meglumine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Flunixin (meglumine) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Flunixin (meglumine). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Flunixin meglumine is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.55 and 3.24 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Flunixin meglumine shows anti-inflammatory effects.
    Flunixin meglumine (Standard)
  • HY-W032848
    Tinoridine
    		Inhibitor 99.00%
    Tinoridine (Y-3642) is an orally active non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with potent antiperoxidative ability and radical scavenger activity. Tinoridine acts function by inhibiting COX enzyme, involves in hepatotoxicity inhibition. .
    Tinoridine
  • HY-U00046
    Apyramide
    		Inhibitor 99.06%
    Apyramide is an anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) and behaves as a proagent of indomethacin (HY-14397). Indomethacin is a potent, blood-brain permeable and nonselective inhibitor of COX1 and COX2.
    Apyramide
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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