2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N11880
    2-O-Sinapoyl makisterone A
    		Inhibitor
    2-O-Sinapoyl makisterone A (compound 2), a sinapinic acid-ecdysterone hybrid, is a selective inhibitor of COX-2. 2-O-Sinapoyl makisterone A significantly inhibits the expression of COX-2 protein.
    2-O-Sinapoyl makisterone A
  • HY-161147
    COX-2-IN-37
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-37 (compound 11) is a potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor. COX-2-IN-37 has strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 33.0 μg/mL.
    COX-2-IN-37
  • HY-N3866
    Esculentic acid
    		Inhibitor
    Esculentic acid is a selective COX-2 inhibitor and has anti-inflammatory effect. Esculentic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that can be extracted from the Chinese herb Phytolacca esculenta.
    Esculentic acid
  • HY-Y0189S
    Methyl Salicylate-d4
    Methyl Salicylate-d4 is the deuterium labeled Methyl Salicylate[1]. Methyl Salicylate (Wintergreen oil) is a topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. Also used as a pesticide, a denaturant, a fragrance ingredient, and a flavoring agent in food and tobacco products[2]. A systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signal in tobacco[3]. A topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Methyl salicylate lactoside is a COX inhibitor[5].
    Methyl Salicylate-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-N0001R
    (-)-Epicatechin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    (-)-Epicatechin (Standard) is the analytical standard of (-)-Epicatechin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 3.2 μM. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits the IL-1β-induced expression of iNOS by blocking the nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-κB.
    (-)-Epicatechin (Standard)
  • HY-N0396R
    Harpagoside (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Harpagoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Harpagoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Harpagoside can be obtained by Harpagophytum procumbens, which has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, protective activity, and efficacy. Harpagoside has an inhibitory effect on COX-1 and COX-2 active, and suppresses NO production. Harpagoside inhibits HepG2 cell lipid polysaccharide, which is a protein that is expressed horizontally and selectively, and has anti-inflammatory and latent pain effects. Harpagoside has the ability to protect the body, and has a degenerative effect on the β-oxidation (Aβ).
    Harpagoside (Standard)
  • HY-100580R
    Asaraldehyde (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Asaraldehyde (Standard) is the analytical standard of Asaraldehyde. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Asarylaldehyde (Asaronaldehyde), a COX-2 inhibitor, significantly inhibits cyclooxygenase II (COX-2) activity with an IC50 value of 100 μg/mL.
    Asaraldehyde (Standard)
  • HY-153762
    COX-2-IN-32
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-32 (Compound 2f) is an iNOS and COX-2 inhibitor. COX-2-IN-32 decreases the expression of NF-κB. COX-2-IN-32 has anti-inflammatory activity by inhibits NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages (IC50: 11.2 μM).
    COX-2-IN-32
  • HY-B1398S
    Ampyrone-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Ampyrone-d3 is the deuterium labeled Ampyrone. Ampyrone is a reagent for glucose determination in the presence of peroxidase and phenol.
    Ampyrone-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N0523R
    Gallic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Gallic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gallic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities.
    Gallic acid (Standard)
  • HY-162173
    WYZ90
    		Inhibitor
    WYZ90 ((compound 6a) is a potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 75, 5734, 19940 nM for COX-2, COX-1 and DPPH, respectively. WYZ90 shows antioxidant and analgesic activity.
    WYZ90
  • HY-N9955
    Isonardosinone
    		Inhibitor
    Isonardosinone is a nardosinone-type sesquiterpenes, which can be isolated from Valerianaceae. Isonardosinone inhibits NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway, suppresses expression of iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056)-induced BV2 microglia, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.
    Isonardosinone
  • HY-148901
    CMB-087229
    		Inhibitor
    CMB-087229 is a mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) protein aggregation inhibitor with IC50 of 67 nM, which can be used in the research of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
    CMB-087229
  • HY-163117
    Anti-inflammatory agent 68
    		Inhibitor
    Anti-inflammatory agent 68 (compound 7b) is a dual inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase and COX-2, a sulfonamide derivative of Polmacoxib (HY-16726), with anti-inflammatory properties and analgesic activity. Anti-inflammatory agent 68 has IC50s of 12.6 μM and 60 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. The Ki of anti-inflammatory agent 68 binding to different isoforms of carbonic anhydrase are 52.6 nM (CA I), 79.1 nM (CA II), 58.1 nM (CA IX), and 17.2 nM (CA XII).
    Anti-inflammatory agent 68
  • HY-B1888
    Bromfenac
    		Inhibitor
    Bromfenac is a potent and orally active inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 5.56 and 7.45 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Bromfenac can be used in ocular inflammation research.
    Bromfenac
  • HY-B0578B
    Loxoprofen sodium (dihydrate)
    		Inhibitor
    Loxoprofen sodium dihydrate is a non-steroidal, orally active anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and anti-pyretic properties. Loxoprofen sodium dihydrate is a nonselective COX inhibitor with IC50s of 6.5 and 13.5 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Loxoprofen sodium dihydrate can reduce atherosclerosis and shows antitumor activity.
    Loxoprofen sodium (dihydrate)
  • HY-B0230S2
    Phenylbutazone-13C12
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Phenylbutazone-13C12 is the 13C12 labeled Phenylbutazone. Phenylbutazone is an efficient reducing cofactor for the peroxidase activity of prostaglandin H synthase (PHS). Phenylbutazone, a hepatotoxin, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Phenylbutazone induces muscle blind-like protein 1 (MBNL1) expression and has the potential for ankylosing spondylitis research.
    Phenylbutazone-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>12</sub>
  • HY-N0356S
    (+/-)-Catechin Gallate-13C3
    		Inhibitor
    (+/-)-Catechin Gallate-13C3 is the 13C-labeled (-)-Catechin gallate. (-)-Catechin gallate is a minor constituent in green tea catechins. (-)-Catechin gallate inhibits the activity of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.
    (+/-)-Catechin Gallate-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-116877
    C2 Ceramide (d14:1/2:0)
    C2 Ceramide (d14:1/2:0) is a composition for diagnosing diseases associated with cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) overexpression. C2 Ceramide (d14:1/2:0) exhibits a strong binding activity to COX2 protein (extracted from patent WO2019235824A1).
    C2 Ceramide (d14:1/2:0)
  • HY-146675
    COX/5-LOX-IN-1
    COX/5-LOX-IN-1 (compound 6b) is a potent and dual inhibitor of COX/5-LOX with IC50s of 1.07, 0.55, and 0.28 μM for COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX enzyme, respectively. COX/5-LOX-IN-1 has the potential for the research of inflammation diseases.
    COX/5-LOX-IN-1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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