2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0041
    Ginsenoside Rb3
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    Ginsenoside Rb3 is extracted from steamed Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Ginsenoside Rb3 exhibits inhibitory effect on TNFα-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity with an IC50 of 8.2 μM in 293T cell lines. Ginsenoside Rb3 also inhibits the induction of COX-2 and iNOS mRNA.
    Ginsenoside Rb3
  • HY-B0167S
    Salicylic acid-d6
    		Inhibitor 99.32%
    Salicylic acid-d6 is a deuterium labeled Salicylic acid (HY-B0167). Salicylic acid inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity independently of transcription factor (NF-κB) activation.
    Salicylic acid-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N2435
    [8]-Shogaol
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    [8]-Shogaol, a kind of stimulating compound in ginger, has antiplatelet (IC50=5 μM), anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity. [8]-Shogaol inhibited COX-2 (IC50=17.5 μM), which led to the decline of human leukemia cells. 8-Shogaol Selective direction TAK1 sum TAK1-TAB1 (IC50=5 μM), suppress IKK, Akt sum MAPK signal pathway, and reverse synovitis synovial sum Air dampness (RA).
    [8]-Shogaol
  • HY-B0580
    Ketorolac
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Ketorolac (RS37619) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), acting as a nonselective COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 20 nM for COX-1 and 120 nM for COX-2. Ketorolac tromethamine is used as 0.5% ophthalmic solution for the research of allergic conjunctivitis, cystoid macular edema, intraoperative miosis, and postoperative ocular inflammation and pain. Ketorolac tromethamine is also a DDX3 inhibitor that can be used for cancer research.
    Ketorolac
  • HY-B0336
    Pranoprofen
    		Inhibitor 98.65%
    Pranoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) for the research of keratitis or other ophthalmology diseases. Pranoprofen inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, thus blocking arachidonic acid converted to eicosanoids and reducing prostaglandins synthesis.
    Pranoprofen
  • HY-B0335
    Tolfenamic Acid
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Tolfenamic Acid (GEA 6414) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent, selectively inhibits COX-2, with an IC50 of 13.49 μM (3.53 μg/mL) in LPS-treated (COX-2) canine DH82 monocyte/macrophage cells, but shows no effect on COX-1.
    Tolfenamic Acid
  • HY-Y1267D
    Magnesium sulfate, for cell culture
    		Inhibitor 99.0%
    Magnesium sulfate, for cell culture is a bioreagent. Magnesium sulfate is a calcium antagonist and a potent L-type calcium channel inhibitor, as well as a tocolytic. Magnesium sulfate has anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, vasodilatory, and neuroprotective effects. Magnesium sulfate can be used in the research of diseases such as preeclampsia/eclampsia.
    Magnesium sulfate, for cell culture
  • HY-14654S
    Aspirin-d3
    		Inhibitor 98.51%
    Aspirin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Aspirin (HY-14654). Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid) is an orally active, potent and irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2, with IC50 values of 5 and 210 μg/mL, respectively. Aspirin induces apoptosis. Aspirin inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Aspirin also inhibits platelet prostaglandin synthetase, and can prevent coronary artery and cerebrovascular thrombosis.
    Aspirin-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-114200
    Imrecoxib
    		Inhibitor 99.48%
    Imrecoxib (BAP-909) is a novel and selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 18 nM, it also inhibits COX1- activity with an IC50 value of 115 nM. Imrecoxib (BAP-909) has anti-inflammatory effect.
    Imrecoxib
  • HY-N0064
    Macelignan
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    Macelignan ((+)-Anwulignan; Anwuligan)?is an orally active lignan isolated from Myristica fragrans. Macelignan possesses many pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, and neuroprotective activities.
    Macelignan
  • HY-100438
    Hydronidone
    		Inhibitor 99.71%
    Hydronidone is an orally active pyridine derivative. Hydronidone is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX) as well as TGF-β. Hydronidone induces mitochondrial dysfunction and triggers apoptosis. Hydronidone can be used for liver fibrosis, anti-inflammation and anti-cancer study.
    Hydronidone
  • HY-76251
    Etodolac
    		Inhibitor 99.77%
    Etodolac (AY-24236) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound that is a non-selective inhibitor of COX (IC50=53.5 nM)
    Etodolac
  • HY-17509
    Deracoxib
    		Inhibitor 99.65%
    Deracoxib (SC 046; SC 59046), an orally active COX-2 inhibitor, is a veterinary nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent used exclusively in dogs. Deracoxib inhibits the COX-2 enzyme to reduce the production of prostaglandins, effectively controlling pain and inflammation after canine soft tissue surgery. Deracoxib reduces the inhibition of COX-1 and lowers the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. Deracoxib induces tumor cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and shows anti-tumor activity in canine osteosarcoma, breast tumors and bladder transitional cell carcinomas.
    Deracoxib
  • HY-N1500
    Pulegone
    		Inhibitor 99.57%
    Pulegone is a monoterpene ketone compound widely present in the essential oils of many plants. Pulegone can also be used as a bird repellent. Pulegone has multiple activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-hyperalgesic effects. Pulegone is particularly effective against bacteria of the Salmonella species.
    Pulegone
  • HY-N0747
    Oxypeucedanin
    		Inhibitor 99.50%
    Oxypeucedanin is a furanocoumarin derivative found in Angelica dahurica. Oxypeucedanin is an orally active PI3K/AKT/NF-κB, MAPK, and ROS inhibitor. Oxypeucedanin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Oxypeucedanin inhibits hKv1.5 channel currents (IC50: 76 nM). Oxypeucedanin exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiarrhythmic activities.
    Oxypeucedanin
  • HY-P1633
    Protegrin-1
    		Activator 99.55%
    Protegrin-1 is an orally active antibacterial peptide. Protegrin-1 activates ERK, COX2, NFκB, inhibits Apoptosis, and NO production. Protegrin-1 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. faecium, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. Pneumoniae, with MBC values between 10 and 20 µM. Protegrin-1 has antiviral activity against dengue NS2B-NS3. Protegrin-1 has anti-inflammatory activity. Protegrin-1 is used in the study of inflammatory diseases and infections.
    Protegrin-1
  • HY-147972
    NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 98.71%
    NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 (compound 11a) is a potent inhibitor of NF-κB and MAPK pathway. NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 shows inhibitory activity against NO production, with an IC50 of 6.96 µM. NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 suppresses LPS-induced iNOS, COX-2, ERΚ and P38 signaling activation. NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 can prevent LPS induced inflammatory response in macrophages. NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 can be used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) research.
    NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1
  • HY-N7688
    Regaloside B
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Regaloside B is a phenylpropane. Regaloside B can be isolated from Lilium longiflorum. Regaloside B can inhibit the expression of VCAM-1, iNOS, and COX-2, with a p-p65/p-65 ratio. Regaloside B inhibits the mRNA of various chemokines and angiogenic factors (CXCL9, CXCL10, IL8, IDO). Regaloside B has anti-inflammatory activity. Regaloside B can be used for osteogenic differentiation research.
    Regaloside B
  • HY-N2007
    Veratric acid
    		Inhibitor 99.99%
    Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid) is an orally active phenolic compound derived from vegetables and fruits, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Veratric acid also acts as a protective agent against hypertension-associated cardiovascular remodelling. Veratric acid reduces upregulated COX-2 expression, and levels of PGE2, IL-6 after UVB irradiation.
    Veratric acid
  • HY-N1181
    Tamarixetin
    		Inhibitor 98.80%
    Tamarixetin (4'-O-Methyl Quercetin) is an orally active natural flavonoid derivative of quercetin and caseinolytic protease p (ClpP) inhibitor with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor effects. Tamarixetin inhibits the hydrolytic activity of ClpP to the fluorescent substrate Suc-LY-AMC with an IC50 of 49.73 μM, which can be used for the study of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Tamarixetin inhibits tumor cell growth, induces apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. Tamarixetin prevents cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting the NFAT and AKT pathways.
    Tamarixetin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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