2. Signaling Pathways
  3. PI3K/Akt/mTOR
    Stem Cell/Wnt
  4. GSK-3

GSK-3

Glycogen synthase kinase-3; Glycogen synthase kinase 3

GSK-3

Related Products

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Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase consisting of two isoforms, alpha and beta. It is a highly conserved negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase, cytokine, and Wnt signaling pathways. Stimulation of these pathways inhibits GSK-3 to modulate diverse downstream effectors that include transcription factors, nutrient sensors, glycogen synthesis, mitochondrial function, circadian rhythm, and cell fate. GSK-3 also regulates alternative splicing in response to T-cell receptor activation, and recent phosphoproteomic studies have revealed that multiple splicing factors and regulators of RNA biosynthesis are phosphorylated in a GSK-3-dependent manner.

The malfunction or aberrant activity of GSK-3 leads to several of disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative pathologies, and other type of diseases as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders and cancer. GSK-3 is also related to innate immune response against pathogens, which makes GSK-3 an excellent target for therapeutic intervention.

GSK-3 Isoform Specific Products:

GSK-3 Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-168859
    JNK3 inhibitor-9
    		Inhibitor
    JNK3 inhibitor-9 (Compound 24a) is a potent, selective and BBB-permeable JNK3 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 12 nM. JNK3 inhibitor-9 also potently inhibits GSK3α/β (IC50s: 14 and 35 nM, respectively) involved in Tau phosphorylation. JNK3 inhibitor-9 reduces c-Jun and APP phosphorylation. JNK3 inhibitor-9 protects neurons from Aβ1-42 toxicity.
    JNK3 inhibitor-9
  • HY-117739
    BRD1652
    		Inhibitor
    BRD1652 is a highly selective GSK3 inhibitor. BRD1652 can be used in the study of emotion-related diseases.
    BRD1652
  • HY-149054
    GSK-3β inhibitor 13
    		Inhibitor
    GSK-3β inhibitor 13 (compound 47) is an orally active and potent GSK-3β inhibitor with blood-brain permeability. GSK-3β inhibitor 13 inhibits GSK-3β and GSK-3α with IC50s of 0.73 nM and 0.35 nM, respectively. GSK-3β inhibitor 13 significantly decreases the phosphorylation of tau (IC50=58 nM), which leads the formation of the neurofibrillary tangles associated with Alzheimer's disease.
    GSK-3β inhibitor 13
  • HY-W267446
    6-Methoxy-4-methylcoumarin
    		Activator
    6-Methoxy-4-methylcoumarin is a 4-methylcoumarin derivative with an antitumor activity. 6-Methoxy-4-methylcoumarin activates melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. 6-Methoxy-4-methylcoumarin is a pigmentation stimulator, and can be used for the study of skin conditions such as vitiligo.
    6-Methoxy-4-methylcoumarin
  • HY-172171
    GSK3β-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    GSK3β-IN-2 (Compound S01) is the inhibitor for GSK3β with an IC50 of 0.35 nM. GSK3β-IN-2 activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, promotes neurogenesis and neurite growth. GSK3β-IN-2 inhibits Aβ-induced tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser396, reduces the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. GSK3β-IN-2 ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease in zebrafish model.
    GSK3β-IN-2
  • HY-133102
    Dihydronarwedine
    		Inhibitor
    Dihydronarwedine (Lycoraminone) is the alkaloid. Dihydronarwedine inhibits 39% activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) at a concentration of 10 μM.
    Dihydronarwedine
  • HY-171031
    TFGF-18
    		Inhibitor
    TFGF-18 is a GSK-3β inhibitor (IC50: 0.59 μM). TFGF-18 inhibits LPS-induced microglia activation and proinflammatory mediators release via inhibiting GSK-3β and downstream p65/NF-κB signaling. TFGF-18 inhibits neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress, inhibits expressions of Bax, caspase3 and cleaved-caspase3 and increases the expression of Bcl-2. TFGF-18 has neuroprotection effect, inhibit neuroinflammation and attenuates cognitive impairment.
    TFGF-18
  • HY-B0712AR
    Ceftriaxone (sodium hydrate) (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ceftriaxone (sodium hydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ceftriaxone (sodium hydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ceftriaxone sodium hydrate (Ro 13-9904 sodium hydrate) is a broad spectrum β-lactam third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, which has good antibacterial activity against a variety of gram-negative and positive bacteria. Ceftriaxone sodium hydrate is a covalent inhibitor of GSK3β with IC50 value of 0.78 μM. Ceftriaxone sodium hydrate is an inhibitor of Aurora B. Ceftriaxone sodium hydrate has anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antioxidant activities. Ceftriaxone sodium hydrate can be used in the study of bacterial infections and meningitis.
    Ceftriaxone (sodium hydrate) (Standard)
  • HY-126201
    GSK-3 inhibitor 7
    		Inhibitor
    GSK-3 inhibitor 7 (compound 22) is a glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitor. GSK-3 inhibitor 7 can be used in nervous system research.
    GSK-3 inhibitor 7
  • HY-112394
    2-Cyanoethylalsterpaullone
    		Inhibitor
    2-Cyanoethylalsterpaullone (compound 7) is an Alsterpaullone (HY-108359) derivative, which exhibits potent and selective inhibitory activities against CDK1/Cyclin B and GSK-3β (GSK-3β: IC50=0.8 nM; CDK1/Cyclin B: IC50=0.23 nM).
    2-Cyanoethylalsterpaullone
  • HY-164476
    ES-072
    		Activator
    ES-072 is an orally effective selective EGFR mutant (EGFR-T790M) inhibitor. ES-072 activates GSK3α by inhibiting EGFR-T790M activity, which promotes phosphorylation of PD-L1 at Ser279 and Ser283. The phosphorylated PD-L1 recruits the E3 ubiquitin ligase ARIH1, leading to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of PD-L1. This mechanism not only reduces cancer cell growth but also enhances anti-tumor immune response by lowering PD-L1 levels. ES-072 can be used to inhibit proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.
    ES-072
  • HY-12074
    Cazpaullone
    		Inhibitor
    Cazpaullone is a glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitor. Cazpaullone can activate pancreatic beta cell protection and replication. Cazpaullone can be used for the research of diabetes.
    Cazpaullone
  • HY-100618R
    Hispidin (Standard)
    Hispidin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hispidin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hispidin, a PKC inhibitor and a phenolic compound can be found in Phellinus linteus, has been shown to possess strong anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-dementia properties[1][2][3][4][5][6][7].
    Hispidin (Standard)
  • HY-169670
    Protein kinase inhibitor 13
    		Inhibitor
    Protein kinase inhibitor 13 (Compound I-90) is the inhibitor for protein kinase that exhibits inhibitory effects on kinases such as PIM-1, CDK-2, GSK-3 and SRC.
    Protein kinase inhibitor 13
  • HY-169606
    GSK-3β inhibitor 25
    		Inhibitor
    GSK-3β inhibitor 25 (Compound 6h) exhibits a weak inhibitory activity against GSK-3β wih an IC50>100 μM.
    GSK-3β inhibitor 25
  • HY-124068
    LQB-118
    		Modulator
    LQB-118 is an orally active compound derived from sandalwood. LQB-118 can inhibit the migration of glioblastoma cells and induce cell death. LQB-118 can suppress the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells by regulating the AKT/GSK3β pathway and the expression of the MMP-9/reck genes. LQB-118 can also inhibit yeast polysaccharide-induced inflammation both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, LQB-118 selectively induces ROS-triggered and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in Leishmania amazonensis. LQB-118 can be used in studies related to inflammation, infections, and cancer diseases.
    LQB-118
  • HY-169602
    GSK-3β inhibitor 26
    		Inhibitor
    GSK-3β inhibitor 26 (Compound D14) is a GSK-3β inhibitor with an IC50 of 18.23 μM. GSK-3β inhibitor 26 can be used in the research of cancer, inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.
    GSK-3β inhibitor 26
  • HY-111260
    R547 mesylate
    		Inhibitor
    R547 mesylate is a potent, selective and orally active ATP-competitive CDK inhibitor, with Kis of 2 nM, 3 nM and 1 nM for CDK1/cyclin B, CDK2/cyclin E and CDK4/cyclin D1, respectively.
    R547 mesylate
  • HY-136679
    TD114-2
    		Inhibitor
    TD114-2 (cmpound 29) is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) (IC50=48 nM). TD114-2 is associated with the hydrogen bond formation of arginine 141 (ARG141) specific to GSK-3β, an amino acid that is often a negatively charged residue in other kinases, which determines the high selectivity of GSK-3β. TD114-2 can be used in the study of diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases associated with GSK-3β.
    TD114-2
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download GSK-3 Signaling Pathway Map.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase found in all eukaryotes. GSK-3 is one of the few signaling mediators that play central roles in a diverse range of signaling pathways, including those activated by Wnt, PI3K, growth factors, cytokines, and ligands for G protein-coupled receptors. The PI3K pathway is known for regulating metabolism, cell growth, and cell survival. The PI3K activity is stimulated by diverse oncogenes and growth factor receptors. PI3K-mediated production of PIP3 leads to the activation of Akt. The activation of Akt leads to the phosphorylation of GSK-3, which is active in resting cells, but is inactivated by the phosphorylation. The GSK-3 has been linked to the regulation of an assembly of transcription factors, including β-catenin, NF-κB, c-Jun, CREB, and STAT. Thus, the altered activity of GSK-3 causes various effects on cytokine expression. 

 

In the absence of Wnt signaling, β-catenin is phosphorylated by CK1 and GSK-3. This phosphorylation leads to recognition by β-TrCP, leading to the ubiquitylation of β-catenin and degradation by the proteasome. Upon binding of a lipid-modified Wnt protein to the receptor complex, a signaling cascade is initiated. LRP is phosphorylated by CK1/CK2 and GSK-3, and Axin is recruited to the plasma membrane. The kinases in the β-catenin destruction complex are inactivated and β-catenin translocates to the nucleus to form an active transcription factor complex with TCF, leading to transcription of a large set of target genes.

 

Some endogenous growth factors could bind to and activate the tyrosine kinase receptor. This facilitates the recruitment of other proteins (SHC, SOS), which results in the activation of the ERK-MAPK cascade and the inhibition of GSK-3. GSK-3 exerts many cellular effects: it regulates cytoskeletal proteins, and is important in determining cell survival/cell death. GSK-3 has also been identified as a target for the actions of lithium. GSK-3 can inhibit glycogen synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of glucose from UDPG to glycogen[1][2].

 

Reference:

[1]. Brenner D, et al. Regulation of tumour necrosis factor signalling: live or let die.Nat Rev Immunol. 2015 Jun;15(6):362-74. 
[2]. Conrad M, et al. Regulated necrosis: disease relevance and therapeutic opportunities.Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2016 May;15(5):348-66. 

GSK-3 Isoform Comparison

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