LAP (Synonyms: Lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate)

Cat. No.: HY-44076 Purity: 99.83%: FAQs
Data Sheet SDS COA Handling Instructions

Molarity Calculator

LAP (Lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate) is a free radical initiator. The free radicals produced by LAP under bioprinting conditions are potentially cytotoxic and mutagenic. In addition, the concentration of LAP affects the mechanical strength of 3D printed scaffolds. Generally, the concentration range of LAP used for curing is 0.05%-1%. The elastic modulus produced at a concentration of 0.1% is the highest, with enhanced mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

LAP Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 85073-19-4

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Free Sample (0.1 - 0.5 mg)		Apply Now
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	USD 55	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	USD 55	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
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100 mg	USD 50	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
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Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
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Description

In Vitro

Preparation of LAP:
1. LAP synthesis^[1]
(1) Dimethyl phenylphosphonite was reacted with 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl chloride via a Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction. At room temperature and under argon, 3.2 g (0.018 moL) of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl chloride was added dropwise to an equimolar amount of continuously stirred dimethyl phenylphosphonite (3.0 g).
(2) The reaction mixture was stirred for 18 hours whereupon a four fold excess of lithium bromide (6.1 g) in 100 mL of 2-butanone was added to the reaction mixture from the previous step which was then heated to 50℃. After 10 minutes, a solid precipitate formed. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, allowed to rest for four hours and then filtered. The filtrate was washed and filtered 3 times with 2-butanone to remove unreacted lithium bromide. The LAP powder was dried in a vacuum oven and stored in a brown bottle to protect from light.
2. Preparing the Storage Solution^[3]
LAP was weighed on a six-point balance, the appropriate mass of 10% GelMA added to form a 1% w/w LAP concentration. Solutions (0.1% w/w) of LAP was serially diluted to produce 1, 0.2, 0.04, and 0.008 mg/mL solutions in ultrapure water. The mixture sonicated for 30 min at 40℃. 10% GelMA containing 1% LAP was sterile-filtered through a 0.2 μm PES membrane.
The effects of LAP on the cell viability during and after 3D bioprinting, and the swelling ratio, degradation rate, and pore size of the GelMA hydrogels:^[4]
(1) The bioink for the swelling contains the 5% (w/v) pure GelMA and 0.5% (w/v) LAP and the cell-laden bioink was crosslinked to form one layer using the dynamic optical projection stereolithography. The UV intensity was 10 mW/cm² and the exposure time was 45 seconds. The layer thickness is around 500 μm. The cell concentration of 1×10⁶ cells/mL. LAP concentrations was selected as 0.3% and 0.9% (w/v) representing the low and high photoinitiator concentrations. The printing times selected was 0 and 15 minutes. The printed samples were incubated for 0, 12, and 24 hours. The cell viability is assessed using the fluorescence assay.
(2) The bioink was crosslinked by the UV light with an intensity of 10 mW/cm2 for 45 seconds to prepare the samples. The dry weight of the sample immediately after preparation is W0, and the dry weight of the sample after a specific time of incubation is Wt. The degradation percentage is calculated as (W0-Wt)/W0. The microstructures of the formed GelMA samples cured with either LAP were captured by the scanning electron microscope.

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Molecular Weight

294.22

Formula

C₁₆H₁₆LiO₃P

CAS No.

85073-19-4

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=P(C(C1=C(C)C=C(C)C=C1C)=O)(C2=CC=CC=C2)O[Li]

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 25 mg/mL (84.97 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 7.58 mg/mL (25.76 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	3.3989 mL	16.9943 mL	33.9886 mL
5 mM	0.6798 mL	3.3989 mL	6.7977 mL
10 mM	0.3399 mL	1.6994 mL	3.3989 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.50 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.50 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.50 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

DMSO +

Tween-80 +

Saline

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.

If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.83%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (278 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (251 KB) HNMR (242 KB) CNMR (250 KB) LCMS (89 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Nguyen AK, et al. The Photoinitiator Lithium Phenyl (2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoyl) Phosphinate with Exposure to 405 nm Light Is Cytotoxic to Mammalian Cells but Not Mutagenic in Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assays. Polymers (Basel). 2020 Jul 3;12(7):1489. [Content Brief]

[2]. Qian Feng, et al. "Multi-modal imaging for dynamic visualization of osteogenesis and implant degradation in 3D bioprinted scaffolds." Bioactive Materials 37 (2024): 119-131. [Content Brief]

[3]. Nguyen, et al. Toxicity and photosensitizing assessment of gelatin methacryloyl-based hydrogels photoinitiated with lithium phenyl-2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate in human primary renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Biointerphases 14.2 (2019). [Content Brief]

[4]. Xu H, et al. Effects of Irgacure 2959 and lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate on cell viability, physical properties, and microstructure in 3D bioprinting of vascular-like constructs. Biomed Mater. 2020 Aug 7;15(5):055021. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	3.3989 mL	16.9943 mL	33.9886 mL	84.9716 mL
	5 mM	0.6798 mL	3.3989 mL	6.7977 mL	16.9943 mL
	10 mM	0.3399 mL	1.6994 mL	3.3989 mL	8.4972 mL
	15 mM	0.2266 mL	1.1330 mL	2.2659 mL	5.6648 mL
	20 mM	0.1699 mL	0.8497 mL	1.6994 mL	4.2486 mL
	25 mM	0.1360 mL	0.6798 mL	1.3595 mL	3.3989 mL
DMSO	30 mM	0.1133 mL	0.5665 mL	1.1330 mL	2.8324 mL
	40 mM	0.0850 mL	0.4249 mL	0.8497 mL	2.1243 mL
	50 mM	0.0680 mL	0.3399 mL	0.6798 mL	1.6994 mL
	60 mM	0.0566 mL	0.2832 mL	0.5665 mL	1.4162 mL
	80 mM	0.0425 mL	0.2124 mL	0.4249 mL	1.0621 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

LAP Related Classifications

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

LAP85073-19-4Lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinateBiochemical Assay ReagentsGelatin methacryloylBioprintingPhotoinitiatorMutagenicityCytotoxicityInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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