The effect of CTB on P53 protein acetylation and consequence apoptosis on MCF-7 and MRC-5 cell lines

Background: P300 is a member of the mammalian histone acetyl transferase (HAT) family, an Enzyme that acetylates histones and several non-histone proteins including P53 (the most important tumor suppressor gene) during stress, which plays an important role in the Apoptosis of tumor cells. Hereby, this study describes the potency of CTB (Cholera Toxin B subunit) as a P300 activator to induce Apoptosis in a breast Cancer cell line (MCF-7) and a lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) as a non-tumorigenic control sample.

Materials and methods: MCF-7 and MRC-5 were cultured in RPMI-1640 and treated with or without CTB at a concentration of 85.43 μmol/L, based on half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) index at different times (24, 48 and 72 h). The percentage of apoptotic cells were measured by flow cytometry. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was performed to estimate the mRNA expression of P300 in MCF-7 and MRC-5 with CTB at different times. ELISA and Bradford protein techniques were used to detect levels of total and acetylated P53 protein generated in MCF-7 and MRC-5.

Results: Our findings indicated that CTB could effectively induce Apoptosis in MCF-7 significantly higher than MRC-5. We showed that expression of P300 was up-regulated by increasing time of CTB treatment in MCF-7 but not in MRC-5 and the acetylated and total P53 protein levels were increased more in MCF-7 cells than MRC-5.

Conclusion: CTB could induce acetylation of P53 protein through increasing expression of P300 and consequently induce the significant cell death in MCF-7 but it could be well tolerated in MRC-5. Therefore, CTB could be used as an anti-cancer agent.