Methylene blue hydrate  (Synonyms: Basic Blue 9 hydrate; CI-52015 hydrate; Methylthioninium chloride hydrate)

Methylene blue (Basic Blue 9) hydrate is a guanylyl cyclase (sGC), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Methylene blue is a vasopressor and is often used as a dye in several medical procedures. Methylene blue hydrate through the nitric oxide syntase/guanylate cyclase signalling pathway to reduce prepulse inhibition. Methylene blue hydrate is a REDOX cycling compound and able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Methylene blue hydrate is a Tau aggregation inhibitor. Methylene blue hydrate reduces cerebral edema, attenuated microglial activation and reduced neuroinflammation^[1][2][3].

Methylene blue (Basic Blue 9) hydrate (4.5 μM; BV2 microglia) alters the immune profile of LPS-activated BV2 microglia and decreased the level of CD14, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CCL2 mRNA^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Methylene blue (Basic Blue 9) hydrate (50 and 100 mg/kg; i.p.; once, for 25 min; male NMRI mice) reduces absent prepulse inhibition^[1].
Methylene blue hydrate (20 and 40 mg/kg; p.o.; daily, for 6 months; CaMKIIα-tTA transactivator mice) preserves cognition in mice expressing full-length pro-aggregant human Tau^[2].
Methylene blue hydrate (2 mg/kg; i.v.; once, for 1 d; TBI-treated male BALB/c mice) reduces TBI-induced edema and neuroinflammation and reduces acute depression-like behavior^[3].
Methylene blue hydrate (2 mg/kg; i.v.; once, for 1 d; TBI-treated male BALB/c mice) reduces the percentage of inflammatory factor^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

C₁₆H₁₈N₃S.Cl.xH₂O

122965-43-9

Solid

Light green to green

CN(C1=CC2=[S+]C3=C(C=CC(N(C)C)=C3)N=C2C=C1)C.[x].[Cl-].O

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

• [1]. Klamer D, et, al. Phencyclidine-induced behaviour in mice prevented by methylene blue. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2004 Feb;94(2):65-72.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Hochgräfe K, et, al. Preventive methylene blue treatment preserves cognition in mice expressing full-length pro-aggregant human Tau. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2015 May 10;3:25.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Fenn AM, et, al. Methylene blue attenuates traumatic brain injury-associated neuroinflammation and acute depressive-like behavior in mice. J Neurotrauma. 2015 Jan 15;32(2):127-38.  [Content Brief]