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  5. GITRL/AITRL
  6. AITRL/TNFSF18 Trimer Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Flag)

AITRL/TNFSF18 Trimer Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Flag)

Cat. No.: HY-P78133
COA Handling Instructions

AITRL, a type II transmembrane protein, is a ligand for glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR). When AITRL binds to GITR, GITR can produce costimulatory signals that regulate T-cell proliferation and effector functions. GITR/AITRL interaction plays a role in the pathogenesis of tumor, inflammation, as well as autoimmune diseases. Besides, AITRL plays a role in endothelial cells (EC)-activation and increases STAT-1 phosphorylation and the expression of adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1). AITRL/TNFSF18 Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Flag) is a recombinant biotinylated human AITRL (Q72-S199) with N-terminal His and Flag tag, which is expressed in HEK293.

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20 μg $260 In-stock
50 μg $570 In-stock
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Description

AITRL, a type II transmembrane protein, is a ligand for glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR). When AITRL binds to GITR, GITR can produce costimulatory signals that regulate T-cell proliferation and effector functions. GITR/AITRL interaction plays a role in the pathogenesis of tumor, inflammation, as well as autoimmune diseases[1]. Besides, AITRL plays a role in endothelial cells (EC)-activation and increases STAT-1 phosphorylation and the expression of adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1)[2]. AITRL/TNFSF18 Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Flag) is a recombinant biotinylated human AITRL (Q72-S199) with N-terminal His and Flag tag, which is expressed in HEK293.

Background

GITRL (AITRL), a type II transmembrane protein, is a ligand for glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR). GITR, a member of the TNFR superfamily, is expressed in T cells, natural killer cells and some myeloid cells. And GITRL is mainly expressed on antigen presenting cells (B cells, dendritic cells), macrophages and endothelial cells (ECs)[1].
When GITRL binds to GITR, GITR can produce costimulatory signals that regulate T-cell proliferation and effector functions. The interaction stimulates proliferation and cytokine production of both CD4+ Teff and Treg cells, and drives antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells[3]. Besides, GITRL plays a role in EC-activation and promotes adhesion in both mice and humans, which increases STAT-1 phosphorylation and the augmented expression of adhesion molecules such as VCAM-1 and ICAM-1[2].
Human GITRL shares < 55% common aa identity with mouse. Human GITRL consists of cytoplasmic domain (M1-W27), helical domain (L28-F48), and extracellular domain (L49-S177). Human GITRL is a trimer, but can also be a monomer or assemble in other multimeric structures[4].
GITR/GITRL interaction plays a role in the pathogenesis of tumor, inflammation, as well as autoimmune diseases[1].

In Vitro

AITRL (human, 48 h) reduces the suppressive capacity of MDSCs on CD4+ T cells (MDSCs induced from healthy donors)[5].

Biological Activity

1.Immobilized Human GITR His at 1 μg/mL (100 μL/Well). Dose response curve for Biotinylated Human GITR Ligand Trimer His with the EC50 of 0.2 μg/mL determined by ELISA.
2.Immobilized Human GITR His at 5 μg/mL (100 μL/Well). Dose response curve for Biotinylated Human GITR Ligand Trimer His with the EC50 of 1.69 μg/mL determined by ELISA.

Species

Human

Source

HEK293

Tag

N-His;N-Flag

Accession

Q9UNG2 (Q50-S177)

Gene ID
Molecular Construction
N-term
His-Flag
AITRL (Q50-S177)
Accession # Q9UNG2
C-term
Synonyms
TNFSF18; AITRL; TL6; GITRL; GITR Ligand
AA Sequence

QLETAKEPCMAKFGPLPSKWQMASSEPPCVNKVSDWKLEILQNGLYLIYGQVAPNANYNDVAPFEVRLYKNKDMIQTLTNKSKIQNVGGTYELHVGDTIDLIFNSEHQVLKNNTYWGIILLANPQFIS

Molecular Weight

50-70 kDa

Purity

Greater than 95% as determined by Tris-Bis PAGE.

Appearance

Lyophilized powder.

Formulation

Lyophilized a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4. Normally 8% trehalose is added as protectant before lyophilization.

Endotoxin Level

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Reconstitution

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH2O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Storage & Stability

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Documentation
References

AITRL/TNFSF18 Trimer Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Flag) Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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The reconstitution calculator equation

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration
= ÷

The dilution calculator equation

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
× = ×
C1   V1   C2   V2

The specific activity calculator equation

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)
Unit/mg = 106 ÷ ng/mL

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AITRL/TNFSF18 Trimer Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Flag)
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HY-P78133
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