FGF-2 Protein, Mouse (154a.a)

FGF-2 protein is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family, involved in biological processes such as bone healing, cartilage repair, tumor development, and nerve regeneration. FGF-2 is also a mitogen that accelerates cell proliferation. It regulates immune processes by specifically targeting tyrosine kinase receptors and activating the FGF/FGFR signaling pathway. FGF-2 protein, Mouse (154 a.a.), is a recombinant protein produced in E. coli (Escherichia coli), consisting of 154 amino acids (M1-S154), and is untagged^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]}.

FGF-2 protein belongs to the heparin-binding FGF growth factor family and plays a crucial role in tendon-to-bone healing, cartilage repair, bone repair, nerve regeneration, and cancer development^[1][4].
(1) Bone Cell Proliferation: Low doses of FGF-2 protein stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and upregulate the mRNA expression of type I/III collagen and fibronectin. However, high doses of FGF-2 protein do not stimulate extracellular matrix (ECM) protein proliferation and gene expression. FGF-2 protein also acts as an endogenous and intrinsic growth factor in cartilage repair. FGF-2 binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans and is stored in the ECM of articular cartilage. When cartilage is damaged or degenerates, ECM rapidly releases FGF-2 and activates ERK signaling pathways to promote cartilage regeneration. FGF-2 exhibits a biphasic effect when binding to its specific receptors. FGF-2 promotes the repair of articular cartilage in conjunction with FGFR3, whereas it promotes the degeneration of articular cartilage when combined with FGFR1^[1].
(2) Inducing Cancer Development: FGF-2 enhances the self-renewal of glioblastoma stem cells, contributing to glioma growth and vascularization^[2]. Dysregulation of FGF-2 signaling induces cancer development, and FGF-2 protein is a key tumor-promoting factor in the tumor microenvironment^[6].
(3) Neurogenesis: FGF-2 protein is essential for the proliferation of cortical cells and neurogenesis in the brain^[3]. FGF-2 protein regulates the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells through β-catenin mediation. In the presence of FGF-2 protein, overexpression of β-catenin helps maintain neural progenitor cells in a proliferative state. However, in the absence of FGF-2 protein, overexpression of β-catenin enhances neuronal differentiation^[8].
(4) Inducing Inflammation: Elevated levels of FGF-2 protein lead to dysregulation of angiogenesis and inflammatory responses, inducing the expression of various inflammation-related genes, including pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and their receptors, endothelial cell adhesion molecules, and components of the prostaglandin pathway^[4].
(5) Angiogenesis: FGF-2 protein promotes angiogenesis by interacting with various endothelial cell surface receptors, including tyrosine kinase receptors, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and integrins^[4]. Overexpression of FGF-2 protein in vivo leads to pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, while a reduction in FGF-2 protein levels effectively prevents pulmonary arterial hypertension^[7].
FGF-2 protein is highly conserved among certain species, with human FGF-2 protein sequence sharing 97.4%, 95.45%, and 98.71% similarity with that of rat, mouse, and cow, respectively.

FGF-2 protein (Mouse) (0-50 ng/mL, 30 minutes to 2 hours) dose-dependently increases the levels of β-catenin mRNA in CD1 mouse neural progenitor cells, thereby regulating neuronal proliferation and differentiation^[8].

FGF-2 protein (Mouse) (2 and 6 μg/kg, i.v., single dose) significantly improves myocardial function in a chronic ischemia model of Yorkshire pigs (created through surgical procedures)^[9].
FGF-2 protein (Mouse) (5 ng/g, i.p., once daily for 21 days) reduces anxiety-like behavior and increases hippocampal cell survival in high-anxiety (LR) Sprague Dawley rats (bred selectively)^[5].

Measured in a cell proliferation assay using BALB/c 3T3 cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.3-2.205 ng/mL.

• 
  Measured in a cell proliferation assay using Balb/3T3 cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 2.205 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 4.52×10⁵ units/mg.

Mouse

E. coli

Tag Free

P15655 (M1-S154)

14173  [NCBI]

MAASGITSLPALPEDGGAAFPPGHFKDPKRLYCKNGGFFLRIHPDGRVDGVREKSDPHVKLQLQAEERGVVSIKGVCANRYLAMKEDGRLLASKCVTEECFFFERLESNNYNTYRSRKYSSWYVALKRTGQYKLGSKTGPGQKAILFLPMSAKS

Approximately 17-18 kDa

• 
  Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized powder

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20 mM PB, 400 mM NaCl, 0.02% Tween 80, 4.0% Sucrose, 4.0% Manntiol, pH 7.0 or PBS, pH 7.4, 8% trehalose or 20mM PB,0.02% Tween 80,2.0% Sucrose,4.0% Manntiol,pH 7.0.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Zhang J, et al. FGF2: a key regulator augmenting tendon-to-bone healing and cartilage repair. Regen Med. 2020 Sep;15(9):2129-2142.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Jimenez-Pascual A, et al. FGF2: a novel druggable target for glioblastoma? Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2020 Apr;24(4):311-318.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Raballo R, et al. Basic fibroblast growth factor (Fgf2) is necessary for cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the developing cerebral cortex[J]. Journal of Neuroscience, 2000, 20(13): 5012-5023.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Presta M, et al. Inflammatory cells and chemokines sustain FGF2-induced angiogenesis. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2009 Jun;20(2):39-50.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Perez JA, et al. A new role for FGF2 as an endogenous inhibitor of anxiety. J Neurosci. 2009 May 13;29(19):6379-87.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Akl MR, et al. Molecular and clinical significance of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2 /bFGF) in malignancies of solid and hematological cancers for personalized therapies. Oncotarget. 2016 Jul 12;7(28):44735-44762.  [Content Brief]

  [7]. Izikki M, et al. Endothelial-derived FGF2 contributes to the progression of pulmonary hypertension in humans and rodents. J Clin Invest. 2009 Mar;119(3):512-23.  [Content Brief]

  [8]. Israsena N, et al. The presence of FGF2 signaling determines whether beta-catenin exerts effects on proliferation or neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells. Dev Biol. 2004 Apr 1;268(1):220-31.  [Content Brief]

  [9]. Sato K, et al. Efficacy of intracoronary versus intravenous FGF-2 in a pig model of chronic myocardial ischemia. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000 Dec;70(6):2113-8.  [Content Brief]