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  6. IL-1 alpha Protein, Human (HEK293)

IL-1 alpha Protein, Human (HEK293)

Cat. No.: HY-P73145
SDS COA Handling Instructions

IL-1 alpha is a ubiquitous and pivotal pro-inflammatory cytokine. IL-1 alpha is produced by monocytes and macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed and released in response to cell injury, and thus induces apoptosis. IL-1 alpha plays an important role in inflammation and bridges the innate and adaptive immune systems. IL-1 alpha mediates the activation of NF-kappa-B and the three MAPK pathways p38, p42/p44 and JNK pathways. IL-1 alpha protein, Human (HEK293) is a recombinant protein consisting of 159 amino acids (S113-A271) and is produced by HEK293 cells.

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Description

IL-1 alpha is a ubiquitous and pivotal pro-inflammatory cytokine. IL-1 alpha is produced by monocytes and macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed and released in response to cell injury, and thus induces apoptosis. IL-1 alpha plays an important role in inflammation and bridges the innate and adaptive immune systems. IL-1 alpha mediates the activation of NF-kappa-B and the three MAPK pathways p38, p42/p44 and JNK pathways[1][4]. IL-1 alpha protein, Human (HEK293) is a recombinant protein consisting of 159 amino acids (S113-A271) and is produced by HEK293 cells.

Background

IL-1 alpha (interleukin-1 alpha) is a major agonist of IL-1. IL-1α is present in all mesenchymal cells in particular, cells rich in IL-1α constitute tissues with a barrier function, such as keratinocytes in the skin, type 2 epithelial cells in the lung, the epithelium of the entire gastrointestinal tract, endothelial cells in blood vessels, and astrocytes in the brain[1].
The precursor of IL-1α (ProIL-1α) is processed by the Ca2+-dependent protease calpain (including caspase-1) into the mature 17 kDa form and the 16 kDa N-terminal cleavage product – the propiece of IL-1α, also termed IL-1α N-terminal peptide (IL-1NTP). The latent form of calpain is activated in cells under inflammatory conditions and especially upon loss of plasma membrane integrity, which occurs during necrosis. pro-IL-1α and mature IL-1α bind to IL-1R and induces the secretion of IL-6 and TNF[5].
IL-1α acts as an ‘alarmin’ and as a primum movens of tissue inflammation[1]. IL-1 alpha inhibits differentiation of preadipocytes and lipid accumulation[2]. IL-1 alpha induces apoptosis and inhibits the osteoblast differentiation[3]. IL-1 alpha trigger inflammation in a pathway initiated through Myd88 activation and culminated in NF-κB–induced transcription of inflammatory genes[4].

In Vitro

IL-1 alpha (human) (.1-1 ng/mL) increases the IL-1-beta mRNA levels in EC derived from adult human saphenous vein in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and induces the release of biologically active IL-1 from endothelial cell (EC)[6].
IL-1 alpha (human) (-1 ng/mL; 6h) stimulates prostaglandin E2 and bone resorption in a dose-dependent manner[7].

In Vivo

IL-1 alpha (1 µg/kg; i.p.) significantly increases the TG (triglyceride) level at 12 h in serum in C57BL/6J male mice[2].

Biological Activity

1.Measured in a cell proliferation assay using D10.G4.1 mouse helper T cells and the ED50 is 3.904 pg/mL.
2. Measured by its ability to induced Interferon gamma secretion by human natural killer lymphoma NK-92 cells and the ED50 is ≤0.35 μg/mL.

Species

Human

Source

HEK293

Tag

Tag Free

Accession

P01583/NP_000566.3 (S113-A271)

Gene ID
Molecular Construction
N-term
IL-1α (S113-A271)
Accession # P01583/NP_000566.3
C-term
Synonyms
IL-1α; Hematopoietin-1; IL1A; IL1F1; IL-1 alpha
Molecular Weight

Approximately 19-23 kDa

Purity

Greater than 90% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE

Appearance

Lyophilized powder.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 50 mM Tris, 100 mM NaCl, pH 8.0 or PBS, pH 7.4, 8% trehalose. Normally 5 % - 8 % trehalose, mannitol and 0.01% Tween 80 are added as protectants before lyophilization.

Endotoxin Level

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Reconstitution

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH2O.

Storage & Stability

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

  • Reconstitution Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

  • Specific Activity Calculator

The reconstitution calculator equation

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration
= ÷

The dilution calculator equation

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
× = ×
C1   V1   C2   V2

The specific activity calculator equation

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)
Unit/mg = 106 ÷ ng/mL

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IL-1 alpha Protein, Human (HEK293)
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HY-P73145
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