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airway smooth muscle

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

39

Inhibitors & Agonists

7

Natural
Products

1

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Cat. No. Product Name Target Research Areas Chemical Structure
  • HY-101044
    PPADS tetrasodium
    5 Publications Verification

    P2X Receptor Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Neurological Disease
    PPADS tetrasodiuma is a non-selective P2X receptor antagonist. PPADS tetrasodiuma blocks recombinant P2X1, -2, -3, -5 with IC50s ranging from 1 to 2.6 μM. PPADS tetrasodiuma blocks native P2Y2-like (IC50~0.9 mM) and recombinant P2Y4 (IC50~15 mM) receptors. PPADS tetrasodiuma is an inhibitor of the reverse mode of the Na/Ca 2+ exchanger in guinea pig airway smooth muscle .
    PPADS tetrasodium
  • HY-B0809
    Theophylline
    Maximum Cited Publications
    9 Publications Verification

    1,3-Dimethylxanthine; Theo-24

    Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Adenosine Receptor HDAC Apoptosis Interleukin Related TNF Receptor Endogenous Metabolite Cancer
    Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research .
    Theophylline
  • HY-134004

    Carbetapentane

    Sigma Receptor mAChR Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Pentoxyverine (Carbetapentane) is an orally active sigma-1 receptor agonist, with Kis of 41 nM, 894 nM and 75 nM for σ1, σ2 and guinea-pig brain membran σ1, respectively. Pentoxyverine is a muscarinic antagonist. Pentoxyverine is a potent antitussive, anticonvulsant, and spasmolytic agent. Pentoxyverine can be used for inhibiting bronchial interceptor, weakening of cough reflex, bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and reduction of airway resistance .
    Pentoxyverine
  • HY-137311A

    Calcium Channel Phospholipase mAChR Neurological Disease
    (S)-Albuterol is a muscarinic receptor and phospholipase C activator. (S)-Albuterol increases intracellular free calcium in airway smooth muscle .
    (S)-Albuterol
  • HY-134092

    N-Methyl-LTC4

    Leukotriene Receptor Inflammation/Immunology
    N-Methyl Leukotriene C4 stimulates contraction of airway smooth muscle in animals, with efficacy varying by tissue and species. For example, it can stimulate the lungs of bullfrogs to contract .
    N-Methyl Leukotriene C4
  • HY-124950

    GR114297A

    Adrenergic Receptor Others
    Picumeterol (GR114297A) is a potent and selective β2-adrenoceptor agonist with bronchodilator and anti-bronchoconstrictor effects. Picumeterol produces long-lasting relaxation of airways smooth muscle both in vitro and in vivo. Picumeterol is cleared from plasma through a rapid and extensive hepatic metabolism. Picumeterol is proming for rasearch of asthma and related diseases .
    Picumeterol
  • HY-107909

    1,3-Dimethylxanthine sodium glycinate; Theo-24 sodium glycinate

    Adenosine Receptor HDAC Apoptosis Interleukin Related TNF Receptor Cancer
    Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium glycinate is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline sodium glycinate inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline sodium glycinate has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline sodium glycinate induces apoptosis. Theophylline sodium glycinate can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research .
    Theophylline sodium glycinate
  • HY-W747594

    Potassium Channel Neurological Disease
    SDZ PCO 400 is a potassium channel modulator that relaxes airway smooth muscle and reverses airway obstruction caused by intravenous bronchospasmodics .
    SDZ PCO 400
  • HY-B0809A

    1,3-Dimethylxanthine monohydrate; Theo-24 monohydrate

    Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Adenosine Receptor HDAC Apoptosis Interleukin Related TNF Receptor Endogenous Metabolite Cancer
    Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) monohydrate can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research .
    Theophylline monohydrate
  • HY-B0809B

    1,3-Dimethylxanthine sodium acetate; Theo-24 sodium acetate

    Endogenous Metabolite Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Adenosine Receptor HDAC Apoptosis Interleukin Related TNF Receptor Cancer
    Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium acetate can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research .
    Theophylline sodium acetate
  • HY-B0809S1

    1,3-Dimethylxanthine-d3; Theo-24-d3

    Endogenous Metabolite Adenosine Receptor HDAC TNF Receptor Interleukin Related Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Apoptosis Isotope-Labeled Compounds Cancer
    Theophylline-d3 is deuterated labeled Theophylline (HY-B0809). Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research .
    Theophylline-d3
  • HY-B1055

    Carbetapentane citrate

    Sigma Receptor mAChR Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Pentoxyverine (Carbetapentane) citrate is an orally active sigma-1 receptor agonist, with Kis of 41 nM, 894 nM and 75 nM for σ1, σ2 and guinea-pig brain membrane σ1, respectively. Pentoxyverine citrate is a muscarinic antagonist. Pentoxyverine citrate is a potent antitussive, anticonvulsant, and spasmolytic agent. Pentoxyverine citrate can be used for inhibiting bronchial interceptor, weakening of cough reflex, bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and reduction of airway resistance .
    Pentoxyverine citrate
  • HY-134004R

    Sigma Receptor mAChR Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Pentoxyverine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pentoxyverine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pentoxyverine (Carbetapentane) is an orally active sigma-1 receptor agonist, with Kis of 41 nM, 894 nM and 75 nM for σ1, σ2 and guinea-pig brain membran σ1, respectively. Pentoxyverine is a muscarinic antagonist. Pentoxyverine is a potent antitussive, anticonvulsant, and spasmolytic agent. Pentoxyverine can be used for inhibiting bronchial interceptor, weakening of cough reflex, bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and reduction of airway resistance .
    Pentoxyverine (Standard)
  • HY-B1055R

    Sigma Receptor mAChR Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Pentoxyverine (citrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pentoxyverine (citrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pentoxyverine (Carbetapentane) citrate is an orally active sigma-1 receptor agonist, with Kis of 41 nM, 894 nM and 75 nM for σ1, σ2 and guinea-pig brain membrane σ1, respectively. Pentoxyverine citrate is a muscarinic antagonist. Pentoxyverine citrate is a potent antitussive, anticonvulsant, and spasmolytic agent. Pentoxyverine citrate can be used for inhibiting bronchial interceptor, weakening of cough reflex, bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and reduction of airway resistance [4].
    Pentoxyverine (citrate) (Standard)
  • HY-14915A

    MN-221; KUR-1246

    Adrenergic Receptor Inflammation/Immunology
    Bedoradrine (MN-221) sulfate is a highly selective β2-adrenergic receptor agonist. Bedoradrine sulfate can effectively relieve airway spasm in asthma patients, dilate airway smooth muscle cells, reduce airway inflammation, and thus improve respiratory function. Bedoradrine sulfate can be used in research on asthma treatment .
    Bedoradrine sulfate
  • HY-115877

    TRP Channel Others
    GDC-0334 is a selective TRPA1 antagonist. GDC-0334 inhibits TRPA1 function on airway smooth muscle and sensory neurons by decreasing cough and allergic airway inflammation in rats and guinea pigs. GDC-0334 can be used for TRPA1-mediated diseases research, such as pain or asthma .
    GDC-0334
  • HY-123461

    NF-κB Inflammation/Immunology
    Sul-121 hydrochloride is a novel compound with anti-oxidative capacity that effectively inhibits airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in experimental models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Sul-121 hydrochloride prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced airway neutrophilia and AHR in a dose-dependent manner. Sul-121 hydrochloride also demonstrates the ability to reduce oxidative stress markers in human airway smooth muscle cells. Sul-121 hydrochloride inhibits nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit, p65, thereby diminishing pro-inflammatory cytokine release.
    Sul-121 hydrochloride
  • HY-A0083C

    Acetyl-β-methylcholine iodide

    mAChR Cardiovascular Disease
    Methacholine iodide is a potent muscarinic-3 (M3) agonist. Methacholine iodide acts directly on acetylcholine receptors on smooth muscle causing bronchoconstriction and airway narrowing. Methacholine iodide shows a high sensitivity to identify bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). Methacholine iodide can be used to measure airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) as a diagnostic aid in the assessment of individuals with asthma-like symptoms and normal resting expiratory flow rates .
    Methacholine iodide
  • HY-105762A

    Others Cardiovascular Disease
    Etamiphyllin camsylate is a cardiac stimulant with oral activity that increases cardiac output without increasing heart rate. Etamiphyllin camsylate is also a respiratory stimulant used for respiratory failure, as Etamiphyllin camsylate relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchi and bronchioles, thereby opening up the airways to relieve chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .
    Etamiphyllin camsylate
  • HY-A0083
    Methacholine chloride
    1 Publications Verification

    Acetyl-β-methylcholine chloride

    mAChR Others
    Methacholine (Acetyl-β-methylcholine) choride is a potent muscarinic-3 (M3) agonist. Methacholine choride acts directly on acetylcholine receptors on smooth muscle causing bronchoconstriction and airway narrowing. Methacholine choride shows a high sensitivity to identify bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). Methacholine choride can be used to measure airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) as a diagnostic aid in the assessment of individuals with asthma-like symptoms and normal resting expiratory flow rates .
    Methacholine chloride
  • HY-A0083B

    Acetyl-β-methylcholine bromide

    mAChR Cardiovascular Disease
    Methacholine (Acetyl-β-methylcholine) bromide is a potent muscarinic-3 (M3) agonist. Methacholine bromide acts directly on acetylcholine receptors on smooth muscle causing bronchoconstriction and airway narrowing. Methacholine bromide shows a high sensitivity to identify bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). Methacholine bromide can be used to measure airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) as a diagnostic aid in the assessment of individuals with asthma-like symptoms and normal resting expiratory flow rates .
    Methacholine bromide
  • HY-N0284
    Esculetin
    4 Publications Verification

    PI3K Akt Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Esculetin is an active ingredient extracted mainly from the bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla. Esculetin inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) phenotype switching through inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. Esculetin has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antitumor activities .
    Esculetin
  • HY-115314

    LG 30435

    Histamine Receptor Inflammation/Immunology
    Mequitamium iodide (LG 30435) is an antihistamine drug with antiallergic and bronchodilatory activity. Mequitamium iodide can effectively antagonize airway contraction and inflammatory responses induced by histamine and antigens. Mequitamium iodide has nanomolar affinity for the H1 and smooth muscle receptors of histamine and mequitin. Mequitamium iodide, when administered in aerosol form, significantly inhibits histamine- and antigen-induced increases in airway pressure in allergic mice. Mequitamium iodide reduces antigen-induced eosinophil accumulation in the airways. Mequitamium iodide also exhibits inhibitory effects on PAF-induced platelet aggregation and bronchoconstriction, and can be used in the study of allergic diseases such as rhinitis and asthma .
    Mequitamium iodide
  • HY-A0083R

    mAChR Others
    Methacholine (chloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methacholine (chloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methacholine (Acetyl-β-methylcholine) choride is a potent muscarinic-3 (M3) agonist. Methacholine choride acts directly on acetylcholine receptors on smooth muscle causing bronchoconstriction and airway narrowing. Methacholine choride shows a high sensitivity to identify bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). Methacholine choride can be used to measure airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) as a diagnostic aid in the assessment of individuals with asthma-like symptoms and normal resting expiratory flow rates .
    Methacholine (chloride) (Standard)
  • HY-B1640
    Ethacrynic acid
    4 Publications Verification

    Etacrynic acid

    Glutathione S-transferase NF-κB Calcium Channel NO Synthase Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Ethacrynic acid has anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. Ethacrynic acid is an orally active diuretic. Ethacrynic acid is an inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) and Wnt signaling pathways. Ethacrynic acid is a radiosensitizer. Ethacrynic acid can inhibit airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction in mice. Ethacrynic acid can increase the outflow of aqueous humor from the eye for the study of glaucoma .
    Ethacrynic acid
  • HY-A0084A
    Procainamide
    5 Publications Verification

    Procaine amide; SP 100

    DNA Methyltransferase Potassium Channel Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
    Procainamide (Procaine amide) is a specific and potent inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), which reactivates the expression of tumor suppressor factors by demethylating tumor suppressor genes. Procainamide induces vacuolization in various cell types and reduces cell proliferation and migration. Procainamide relaxes airway smooth muscle by activating potassium channels. Procainamide can be used in cancer and arrhythmia research .
    Procainamide
  • HY-A0084
    Procainamide hydrochloride
    5 Publications Verification

    Procaine amide hydrochloride; SP 100 hydrochloride

    DNA Methyltransferase Potassium Channel Cancer
    Procainamide hydrochloride (Procaine amide hydrochloride) is a specific and potent inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), which reactivates the expression of tumor suppressor factors by demethylating tumor suppressor genes. Procainamide hydrochloride induces vacuolization in various cell types and reduces cell proliferation and migration. Procainamide hydrochloride relaxes airway smooth muscle by activating potassium channels. Procainamide hydrochloride can be used in cancer and arrhythmia research .
    Procainamide hydrochloride
  • HY-108047

    Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    MK-0873 is a selective phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor. MK-0873 increases intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) by inhibiting the activity of the PDE4 enzyme and subsequently activates protein kinase A (PKA). Activated PKA inhibits the activity of inflammatory cells and leads to direct relaxation of airway smooth muscle. MK-0873 can be used in studies of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) .
    MK-0873
  • HY-N0284R

    PI3K Akt Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Esculetin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Esculetin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Esculetin is an active ingredient extracted mainly from the bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla. Esculetin inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) phenotype switching through inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. Esculetin has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antitumor activities .
    Esculetin (Standard)
  • HY-B1640A

    Etacrynic acid sodium; Sodium etacrynate

    NF-κB Glutathione S-transferase Calcium Channel NO Synthase Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Ethacrynic acid (Etacrynic acid sodium) sodium is a diuretic. Ethacrynic acid sodium is an inhibitor of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Ethacrynic acid sodium is a potent inhibitor of NF-kB-signaling pathway, and also modulates leukotriene formation. Ethacrynic acid sodium also inhibits L-type voltage-dependent and store-operated calcium channel, leading to relaxation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. Ethacrynic acid sodium has anti-inflammatory properties that reduces the retinoid-induced ear edema in mice .
    Ethacrynic acid sodium
  • HY-130309

    (±)8,9-EEQ; (±)8,9-epoxy Eicosatetraenoic acid

    Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) Cardiovascular Disease
    Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is converted to epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EpETEs) by several cytochrome P450 isoforms. The major product of this epoxygenase pathway, (±)17(18)-EpETE, relaxes vascular and airway smooth muscle by activating large conductance Ca 2+-activated K + (BKCa) channels by directly interacting with BKα channel subunits. (±)8(9)-EpETE is an epoxygenase pathway product produced from EPA by CYP450 both in vitro and in vivo.
    (±)8(9)-EpETE
  • HY-108538

    Glutathione S-transferase NF-κB Calcium Channel Inflammation/Immunology
    Ethacrynic acid D5 is a deuterium labeled Ethacrynic acid. Ethacrynic acid is a diuretic. Ethacrynic acid is an inhibitor of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Ethacrynic acid is a potent inhibitor of NF-kB-signaling pathway, and also modulates leukotriene formation. Ethacrynic acid also inhibits L-type voltage-dependent and store-operated calcium channel, leading to relaxation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. Ethacrynic acid has anti-inflammatory properties that reduces the retinoid-induced ear edema in mice .
    Ethacrynic acid D5
  • HY-A0084AR

    DNA Methyltransferase Potassium Channel Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
    Procainamide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Procainamide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Procainamide (Procaine amide) is a specific and potent inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), which reactivates the expression of tumor suppressor factors by demethylating tumor suppressor genes. Procainamide induces vacuolization in various cell types and reduces cell proliferation and migration. Procainamide relaxes airway smooth muscle by activating potassium channels. Procainamide can be used in cancer and arrhythmia research .
    Procainamide (Standard)
  • HY-B1640R
    Ethacrynic acid (Standard)
    4 Publications Verification

    Etacrynic acid (Standard)

    Glutathione S-transferase NF-κB Calcium Channel Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Ethacrynic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ethacrynic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ethacrynic acid (Etacrynic acid) is a diuretic. Ethacrynic acid is an inhibitor of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Ethacrynic acid is a potent inhibitor of NF-kB-signaling pathway, and also modulates leukotriene formation. Ethacrynic acid also inhibits L-type voltage-dependent and store-operated calcium channel, leading to relaxation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. Ethacrynic acid has anti-inflammatory properties that reduces the retinoid-induced ear edema in mice .
    Ethacrynic acid (Standard)
  • HY-W000800R

    Endogenous Metabolite Others
    Procainamide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Procainamide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Procainamide (Procaine amide) is a specific and potent inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), which reactivates the expression of tumor suppressor factors by demethylating tumor suppressor genes. Procainamide induces vacuolization in various cell types and reduces cell proliferation and migration. Procainamide relaxes airway smooth muscle by activating potassium channels. Procainamide can be used in cancer and arrhythmia research .
    cis,cis-Muconic acid (Standard)
  • HY-124950A

    (+)-GR114297A

    Adrenergic Receptor Metabolic Disease
    (+)-Picumeterol is a configurations of Picumeterol (HY-124950). Picumeterol is a potent and selective β2-adrenoceptor agonist with bronchodilator and anti-bronchoconstrictor effects .
    (+)-Picumeterol
  • HY-123801A

    GL-II-93 sodium

    GABA Receptor Inflammation/Immunology
    MIDD0301 (GL-II-93) is an orally available, active γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) inhibitor and anti-asthmatic agent. MIDD0301 exhibits biological and immunotoxicological safety in mice and does not affect the number of circulating lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. MIDD0301 has no significant adverse immune response at repeated doses, which is better than Prednisone (HY-B0214). MIDD0301 relaxes histamine-contracted guinea pig and human airway smooth muscle and is used in the study of bronchoconstrictive diseases .
    MIDD0301 sodium
  • HY-123801

    GL-II-93

    GABA Receptor Inflammation/Immunology
    MIDD0301 (GL-II-93) is an orally available, active γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) inhibitor and anti-asthmatic agent. MIDD0301 exhibits biological and immunotoxicological safety in mice and does not affect the number of circulating lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. MIDD0301 has no significant adverse immune response at repeated doses, which is better than Prednisone (HY-B0214). MIDD0301 relaxes histamine-contracted guinea pig and human airway smooth muscle and is used in the study of bronchoconstrictive diseases .
    MIDD0301
  • HY-B0809R
    Theophylline (Standard)
    Maximum Cited Publications
    9 Publications Verification

    1,3-Dimethylxanthine(Standard); Theo-24 (Standard)

    Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Adenosine Receptor HDAC Apoptosis Interleukin Related TNF Receptor Endogenous Metabolite Cancer
    Theophylline (Standard) is the analytical standard of Theophylline. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research .
    Theophylline (Standard)

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