2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-108775A
    Sodium thiosulfate (99%, water≤1.0%)
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    Sodium thiosulfate is an antioxidant. Sodium thiosulfate inhibits the expression of p-GSK-3β and β-catenin proteins, reduces IL-1β, COX-2, and Iba-1, and inhibits NFκB activation. Sodium thiosulfate promotes angiogenesis, inhibits inflammation, and improves acute lung injury. Sodium thiosulfate also exhibits anti-cancer activity against melanoma. Sodium thiosulfate also exerts renal protective effects. Sodium thiosulfate can be used in the research of osteoarthritis, brain inflammation, cancer (such as breast cancer, melanoma), and kidney disease.
    Sodium thiosulfate (99%, water≤1.0%)
  • HY-B1456A
    Fenoprofen
    		Inhibitor 99.70%
    Fenoprofen (LILLY-53858) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) and inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX). Fenoprofen is a melanocortin receptors (MCRs) positive allosteric modulator (PAM). Fenoprofen also increases ERK1/2 activation in HEK293T cells. Fenoprofen has anti-arthritic activities and can be used for the study of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
    Fenoprofen
  • HY-B0578
    Loxoprofen
    		Inhibitor 99.80%
    Loxoprofen is a non-steroidal, orally active anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and anti-pyretic properties. Loxoprofen is a nonselective COX inhibitor with IC50s of 6.5 and 13.5 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Loxoprofen can reduce atherosclerosis and shows antitumor activity.
    Loxoprofen
  • HY-N0896
    Inulicin
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Inulicin (1-O-Acetylbritannilactone) is an active compound that inhibits VEGF-mediated activation of Src and FAK. Inulicin (1-O-Acetylbritannilactone) inhibits LPS-induced PGE2 production and COX-2 expression, and NF-κB activation and translocation.
    Inulicin
  • HY-N3245
    Moracin C
    		Inhibitor 99.54%
    Moracin C, a natural product, is an anti-inflammatory agent. Moracin C inhibits LPS-activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) release from cells.
    Moracin C
  • HY-N5064
    Bacoside A3
    		Inhibitor 98.47%
    Bacoside A3 is a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Bacopa monnieri. Bacoside A3 has neuroprotective activity, downregulating β-amyloid-induced inflammatory responses and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. Bacoside A3 can be used in the study of Alzheimer's disease.
    Bacoside A3
  • HY-B1799
    Tolmetin
    		Inhibitor 99.54%
    Tolmetin is an orally active and potent COX inhibitor with IC50s of 0.35 μM and 0.82 μM human COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Tolmetin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
    Tolmetin
  • HY-105024
    FPL 62064
    		Inhibitor 99.25%
    FPL 62064 is a potent 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and COX dual inhibitor, with IC50 values of 3.5 μM and 3.1 μM for RBL-1 cytosolic 5-lipoxygenase and prostaglandin synthetase (cyclooxygenase), respectively. FPL 62064 has potent anti-inflammatory activity.
    FPL 62064
  • HY-W040045
    Callistephin chloride
    		Inhibitor 98.02%
    Callistephin (Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside) chloride is an anthocyanin. Callistephin chloride regulates the expression of inflammatory (reducing iNOS/TNF-α/COX-2) and apoptosis-related proteins by inhibiting p38 phosphorylation, and enhances the protective effect of Isoflurane (HY-A0134) on microglial cell damage. Callistephin chloride significantly reduces ROS levels, eliminates DPPH free radicals, protects retinal pigment epithelial cells, and inhibits lipid peroxidation. Callistephin chloride can alleviate glutamate excitotoxicity, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and protect cerebellar granule neurons. Callistephin chloride can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis.
    Callistephin chloride
  • HY-B0482
    Acemetacin
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    Acemetacin (TVX 1322) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a glycolic acid ester of indometacin that is a cyclooxygenase inhibitor.
    Acemetacin
  • HY-N7148S
    α-Vitamin E-d6
    		≥99.0%
    α-Vitamin E-d6 is the deuterium labeled α-Vitamin E.
    α-Vitamin E-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-128463
    N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone is a nitrone-based free radical scavenger that forms nitroxide spin adducts. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone inhibits COX2 catalytic activity. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone has potent ROS scavenging, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-aging and anti-diabetic activities, and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
    N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone
  • HY-N0929
    Hexahydrocurcumin
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    Hexahydrocurcumin is one of the major metabolites of curcumin and a selective, orally active COX-2 inhibitor. Hexahydrocurcumin is inactive against COX-1. Hexahydrocurcumin has antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Hexahydrocurcumin
  • HY-B0641
    Felbinac
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Felbinac is a metabolite of fenbufen, an orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor with an IC50 of 865.68 nM for COX1 and 976 nM for COX2. Felbinac reduces the production of prostaglandins by inhibiting COX to relieve pain, reduce inflammation and reduce fever. Felbinac can inhibit CHIKV viral activity.
    Felbinac
  • HY-16343C
    NB-598 Maleate
    		Inhibitor 99.44%
    NB-598 Maleate is a potent and competitive inhibitor of squalene epoxidase (SE), and suppresses triglyceride biosynthesis through the farnesol pathway. NB-598 (Maleate) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    NB-598 Maleate
  • HY-N5083
    Saponarin
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    Saponarin is an orally active flavonoid compound. Saponarin can be isolated from Gypsophila trichotoma. Saponarin inhibits ERK/p38, NF-κB and MAPK phosphorylation and activates AMPK. Saponarin reduces IL-1β and COX-2. Saponarin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic and hypotensive effects. Saponarin improves sleep disorders.
    Saponarin
  • HY-W009347
    COX-1-IN-3
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    COX-1-IN-3 (compound 19) is a COX-1 inhibitor with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory activity.
    COX-1-IN-3
  • HY-B0580A
    (S)-Ketorolac
    		Inhibitor 99.27%
    (S)-Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. (S)-ketorolac exhibits potent COX1 and COX2 enzyme inhibition.
    (S)-Ketorolac
  • HY-W002116
    Methyl syringate
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    Methyl syringate is a selective TRPA1 agonist. Methyl syringate regulates food intake and gastric emptying through a TRPA1-mediated pathway. Methyl syringate is an efficient phenolic mediator for bacterial and fungal laccases. Methyl syringate is a chemical marker of Asphodel monofloral honey. Methyl syringate contributes to the antibacterial activity of honey. Methyl syringate inhibits aflatoxin production. Methyl syringate can contribute to weight suppression. Methyl syringate can be studies for cancer prevention (e.g. lung cancer), suppression of hypoxia-induced inflammatory response and tumorigenesis.
    Methyl syringate
  • HY-B0440
    Tenoxicam
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Tenoxicam (Ro-12-0068), an antiinflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties.
    Tenoxicam
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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