2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W109812S
    Sinapyl alcohol-d3
    Sinapyl alcohol-d3 is the deuterated labeled Sinapyl alcohol (HY-W109812). Sinapyl alcohol is an orally active anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agent. Sinapyl alcohol reduces the expression level of inducible NO synthase and COX-2.
    Sinapyl alcohol-d<sub>3</sub
  • HY-15038
    Diclofenac potassium
    		Inhibitor 99.99%
    Diclofenac potassium is a potent and nonselective anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 and 1.3 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2 in CHO cells, and 5.1 and 0.84 μM for ovine COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Diclofenac potassium induces apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) via the activation of the caspase cascade.
    Diclofenac potassium
  • HY-10582S
    Flurbiprofen-d3
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Flurbiprofen-d3 is the deuterium labeled Flurbiprofen. Flurbiprofen (dl-Flurbiprofen) is a potent, orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIA/NSAID), with antipyretic and analgesic activities. Flurbiprofen is commonly used for the research of inflammatory diseases, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Flurbiprofen is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor that can be used for the research of colorectal cancer[1][2][3].
    Flurbiprofen-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-15036S
    Diclofenac-d4
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    Diclofenac-d4 is the deuterium labeled Diclofenac. Diclofenac is a potent and nonselective anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 and 1.3 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2 in CHO cells[1], and 5.1 and 0.84 μM for ovine COX-1 and COX-2, respectively[2]. Diclofenac induces apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) via the activation of the caspase cascade[3].
    Diclofenac-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-N2454
    β-Elemonic acid
    		Activator 99.90%
    β-Elemonic acid is a triterpene isolated from Boswellia carterii. β-Elemonic acid induces cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and COX-2 expression and inhibits prolyl endopeptidase. β-Elemonic acid exhibits anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects.
    β-Elemonic acid
  • HY-103387
    DuP-697
    		Inhibitor 99.67%
    DuP-697 is a member of the vicinal diaryl heterocycles and a potent, irreversible, selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor (IC50 of 10 nM and 800 nM for human COX-2 and COX-1, respectively). DuP-697 exerts antiproliferative (IC50 of 42.8 nM), antiangiogenic and apoptotic effects on HT29 colorectal cancer cells. DuP-697 inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antipyretic effects.
    DuP-697
  • HY-B0580S
    Ketorolac-d5
    		Inhibitor 98.31%
    Ketorolac-d5 is a deuterium labeled Ketorolac. Ketorolac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, acting as a nonselective COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 20 nM for COX-1 and 120 nM for COX-2[1].
    Ketorolac-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-14739
    Choline Fenofibrate
    		Inhibitor 99.86%
    Choline Fenofibrate (ABT-335), a choline salt of Fenofibric acid (HY-B0760), releases free Fenofibric acid in the gastrointestinal tract. Fenofibric acid is a PPAR activator with antihyperlipidemic effect.
    Choline Fenofibrate
  • HY-109547
    Diclofenac epolamine
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    Flector Patch (Diclofenac epolamine) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Flector Patch is used for relieving arthritis Pain, acute Pain, osteoarthritis, and actinic Keratosis. Flector Patch has good skin absorption characteristics without local adverse reactions and allergies.
    Diclofenac epolamine
  • HY-103386
    FR122047
    		Inhibitor 99.55%
    FR122047 (hydrochloride) is a selective and oral active inhibitor of COX-1 with an IC50 of 28 nM. FR122047 hydrochloride has antiplatelet, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo.
    FR122047
  • HY-B1888B
    Bromfenac sodium hydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Bromfenac sodium hydrate (Bromfenac monosodium salt sesquihydrate) is a potent and orally active inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 5.56 and 7.45 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Bromfenac sodium hydrate can be used in ocular inflammation research.
    Bromfenac sodium hydrate
  • HY-N0355
    (+)-Catechin hydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.59%
    (+)-Catechin hydrate inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.
    (+)-Catechin hydrate
  • HY-136477
    Pentagamavunon-1
    		Inhibitor 99.84%
    Pentagamavunon-1 (PGV-1), a Curcumin analog with oral activity, targets on several molecular mechanisms to induce apoptosis including inhibition of angiogenic factors cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). PGV-1 inhibits NF-κB activation.
    Pentagamavunon-1
  • HY-B1398
    Ampyrone
    		Inhibitor 99.25%
    Ampyrone is a reagent for glucose determination in the presence of peroxidase and phenol.
    Ampyrone
  • HY-66005S2
    Acetaminophen-d7
    		≥99.0%
    Acetaminophen-d7 is the deuterium labeled Acetaminophen. Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 25.8 μM; is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic agent. Acetaminophen is a potent hepatic N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) inhibitor.
    Acetaminophen-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-W012399
    2,5-Di-tert-butylhydroquinone
    		Modulator 99.90%
    2,5-Di-tert-butylhydroquinone (DTBHQ), the indirect food additive, regulates the activity of 5-lipoxygenase as well as the activity of COX-2 (IC50=1.8 and 14.1 μM for 5-LO and COX-2, respectively) .
    2,5-Di-tert-butylhydroquinone
  • HY-15035
    S-Diclofenac
    		Inhibitor 99.20%
    S-Diclofenac is a hybrid molecule of an H2S donor and the NSAID diclofenac. S-Diclofenac spares the gastric mucosa of injury despite markedly suppressing prostaglandin synthesis.
    S-Diclofenac
  • HY-128473
    Valeryl salicylate
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    Valeryl salicylate is a potent and irreversible cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitor. Valeryl salicylate shows anti-inflammatory effect.
    Valeryl salicylate
  • HY-129113
    α-​Chaconine
    		Inhibitor 99.04%
    α-Chaconine inhibits the expressions of COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α at the transcriptional level. α-Chaconine inhibits the LPS-induced expressions of iNOS and COX-2 at the protein and mRNA levels and their promoter activities in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Anti-inflammatory effects.
    α-​Chaconine
  • HY-N2429
    Sphondin
    		Inhibitor 99.74%
    Sphondin possesses an inhibitory effect on IL-1β-induced increase in the level of COX-2 protein and PGE2 release in A549 cells.
    Sphondin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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