2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0523S
    Gallic acid-d2
    		99.59%
    Gallic acid-d2 is the deuterium labeled Gallic acid. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities.
    Gallic acid-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-B1456A
    Fenoprofen
    		Inhibitor 99.70%
    Fenoprofen (LILLY-53858) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) and inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX). Fenoprofen is a melanocortin receptors (MCRs) positive allosteric modulator (PAM). Fenoprofen also increases ERK1/2 activation in HEK293T cells. Fenoprofen has anti-arthritic activities and can be used for the study of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
    Fenoprofen
  • HY-N0167
    Gynostemma Extract
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Gynostemma Extract (Gypenoside IX) is a triterpenoid saponin. Gynostemma Extract can be isolated from Panax notoginseng. Gynostemma Extract reduces NFκB nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity by inhibiting the p38 MAPK/Akt/NFκB signaling pathway. Gynostemma Extract reduces the expression of cytokines (COX-2, IL-6) and the production of NO. Gynostemma Extract has anti-inflammatory activity. Gynostemma Extract can be used in the study of liver injury and neuroinflammation.
    Gynostemma Extract
  • HY-N2454
    β-Elemonic acid
    		Activator 99.77%
    β-Elemonic acid is a triterpene isolated from Boswellia carterii. β-Elemonic acid induces cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and COX-2 expression and inhibits prolyl endopeptidase. β-Elemonic acid exhibits anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects.
    β-Elemonic acid
  • HY-15123
    (S)-Flurbiprofen
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    (S)-Flurbiprofen is an active enantiomer of Flurbiprofen, with IC50 values of 0.48 μM and 0.47 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.
    (S)-Flurbiprofen
  • HY-105028
    Tenidap
    		Inhibitor 99.32%
    Tenidap, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is a selective COX-1 inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.03 μM and 1.2 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Tenidap has anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic properties. Tenidap is also a specific SLC26A3 inhibitor.
    Tenidap
  • HY-N5064
    Bacoside A3
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    Bacoside A3 is a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Bacopa monnieri. Bacoside A3 has neuroprotective activity, downregulating β-amyloid-induced inflammatory responses and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. Bacoside A3 can be used in the study of Alzheimer's disease.
    Bacoside A3
  • HY-B1890
    (±)-Catechin
    		Inhibitor 99.51%
    (±)-Catechin (rel-Cianidanol) is the racemate of the green tea polyphenol Catechin. Catechin has anticancer activity and induces apoptosis. (±)-Catechin has two forms, (+)-Catechin and its enantiomer (-)-Catechin. (+)-Catechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. (-)-Catechin can effectively promote hBM-MSC adipocyte differentiation and increase adiponectin and PPARγ levels. (±)-Catechin has anti-tumor, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-cardiovascular, anti-infectious, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects.
    (±)-Catechin
  • HY-13219
    Tepoxalin
    		Inhibitor 98.46%
    Tepoxalin is a dual inhibitor of COX and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) with potent anti-inflammatory activity and a favorable gastrointestinal profile.
    Tepoxalin
  • HY-66005R
    Acetaminophen (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Acetaminophen (Standard) is the analytical standard of Acetaminophen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 25.8 μM; is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic agent. Acetaminophen is a potent hepatic N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) inhibitor.
    Acetaminophen (Standard)
  • HY-W009347
    COX-1-IN-3
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    COX-1-IN-3 (compound 19) is a COX-1 inhibitor with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory activity.
    COX-1-IN-3
  • HY-N7148S
    α-Vitamin E-d6
    		99.0%
    α-Vitamin E-d6 is the deuterium labeled α-Vitamin E.
    α-Vitamin E-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N3245
    Moracin C
    		Inhibitor 99.54%
    Moracin C, a natural product, is an anti-inflammatory agent. Moracin C inhibits LPS-activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) release from cells.
    Moracin C
  • HY-105024
    FPL 62064
    		Inhibitor 99.25%
    FPL 62064 is a potent 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and COX dual inhibitor, with IC50 values of 3.5 μM and 3.1 μM for RBL-1 cytosolic 5-lipoxygenase and prostaglandin synthetase (cyclooxygenase), respectively. FPL 62064 has potent anti-inflammatory activity.
    FPL 62064
  • HY-W040045
    Callistephin chloride
    		Inhibitor 98.02%
    Callistephin (Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside) chloride is an anthocyanin. Callistephin chloride regulates the expression of inflammatory (reducing iNOS/TNF-α/COX-2) and apoptosis-related proteins by inhibiting p38 phosphorylation, and enhances the protective effect of Isoflurane (HY-A0134) on microglial cell damage. Callistephin chloride significantly reduces ROS levels, eliminates DPPH free radicals, protects retinal pigment epithelial cells, and inhibits lipid peroxidation. Callistephin chloride can alleviate glutamate excitotoxicity, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and protect cerebellar granule neurons. Callistephin chloride can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis.
    Callistephin chloride
  • HY-B0580A
    (S)-Ketorolac
    		Inhibitor 99.27%
    (S)-Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. (S)-ketorolac exhibits potent COX1 and COX2 enzyme inhibition.
    (S)-Ketorolac
  • HY-W007539
    2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde is an endogenous metabolite. 2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde is a pharmaceutical intermediate that can be used to synthesize various Schiff base compounds. 2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde exhibits significant anti angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. 2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde reduces the production of NO and ROS by inhibiting the expression of iNOS and COX-2. 2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde is commonly used in the study of inflammatory conditions.
    2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde
  • HY-B0482
    Acemetacin
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    Acemetacin (TVX 1322) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a glycolic acid ester of indometacin that is a cyclooxygenase inhibitor.
    Acemetacin
  • HY-B1279
    Metamizole sodium hydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    Metamizole sodium hydrate (Dipyrone) is an orally active cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor.. Metamizole sodium hydrate can inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis. Metamizole sodium hydrate has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Metamizole sodium hydrate is an antipyretic, analgesic and spasmolytic agent. Metamizole sodium hydrate can be used in research to relieve a variety of pain.
    Metamizole sodium hydrate
  • HY-135731
    4-Methylamino antipyrine
    		Inhibitor 99.80%
    4-Methylamino antipyrine is an active metabolite of Metamizole. Metamizole is a pyrazolone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and inhibits COX. Metamizole is an nonopioid analgesic agent and can be used for pain and fever. 4-Methylamino antipyrine has analgesic, antipyretic, and relatively weak antiinflammatory properties.
    4-Methylamino antipyrine
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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