2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N6079
    Timosaponin A1
    		Inhibitor 99.70%
    Timosaponin A1, a natural steroidal saponin, is a 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), COX-2, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with IC50s of 3.29 µM, 36.43 µM, and 33.25 µM, respectively.
    Timosaponin A1
  • HY-19384
    Enflicoxib
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    Enflicoxib (E 6087) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compound that selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).?Enflicoxib does not inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). E-6087 shows anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities in animal models.
    Enflicoxib
  • HY-N7635
    Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
    		Inhibitor 99.42%
    Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (β-D-Glucopyranosyl oleanolate) is an orally active pentacyclic triterpenoid compound. Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside has anti-inflammatory effects. In ulcerative colitis models, Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can inhibit the inflammatory response, enhance the intestinal epithelial barrier function, and modulate the gut microbiota. Its mechanism of action is related to the PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be used in the research of diseases such as colitis.
    Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
  • HY-W087194
    p-Ethylhydratropic acid
    		Control 99.60%
    p-Ethylhydratropic acid (compound 5b) is the impurity of Ibuprofen (HY-78131). Ibuprofen is a potent, orally active, selective COX-1 inhibitor.
    p-Ethylhydratropic acid
  • HY-B0261R
    Meloxicam (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Meloxicam (Standard) is the analytical standard of Meloxicam. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Meloxicam is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, inhibits COX activity, with IC50s of 0.49 μM and 36.6 μM for COX-2 and COX-1, respectively.
    Meloxicam (Standard)
  • HY-B2121
    6-Methoxy-2-naphthoic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.73%
    6-Methoxy-2-naphthoic acid (6-MNA) is the active metabolite of Nabumetone (HY-B0559). 6-Methoxy-2-naphthoic acid is also an inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2. 6-Methoxy-2-naphthoic acid can inhibit the synthesis of gastric mucosal prostaglandin E2. 6-Methoxy-2-naphthoic acid can be used in the research of inflammation and pain-related diseases. In addition, 6-Methoxy-2-naphthoic acid is an impurity in Naproxen (HY-15030) and can also be used in the synthesis of other active compounds.
    6-Methoxy-2-naphthoic acid
  • HY-N2736
    3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone is an orally active inhibitor of OXA-48 (IC50 = 1.89 μM) and COX-1 (IC50 = 36.37 μM). 3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. 3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone inhibits H2O2-induced neuronal apoptosis and ROS accumulation, and exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects by suppressing the JNK-STAT1 pathway. 3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone exhibits antimicrobial and antibiotic-modifying activities against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative enteric bacteria. 3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast formation via NFATc1. 3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone activates the CREB-BDNF axis and restores scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced memory deficits in mice.
    3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone
  • HY-N10303
    Withangulatin A
    		Inhibitor 99.76%
    Withangulatin A is the inhibitor for COX-2. Withangulatin A inhibits MAPK, NF-κB, Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway, exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory and trypanocidal activities.
    Withangulatin A
  • HY-114911
    Feprazone
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    Feprazone (DA2370; Prenazone), an analogue of Phenylbutazone (HY-B0230), is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic activities. Feprazone acts by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Feprazone ameliorates free fatty acid (FFA)-induced oxidative stress by reducing the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Feprazone can decrease the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Besides, Feprazone can suppress adipogenesis and increase lipolysis in differentiating 3 T3-L1 cells. Feprazone also can be used to research atherosclerosis and obesity.
    Feprazone
  • HY-N7148S1
    γ-Tocopherol-d4
    		Inhibitor 98.90%
    γ-Tocopherol-d4 is the deuterium labeled γ-Tocopherol. γ-Tocopherol (D-γ-Tocopherol) is a potent cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. γ-Tocopherol is a naturally occurring form of Vitamin E in many plant seeds, such as corn oil and soybeans. γ-Tocopherol possesses antiinflammatory properties and anti-cancer activity.
    γ-Tocopherol-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-66005S4
    Acetaminophen-13C2,15N
    		98.30%
    Acetaminophen-13C2,15N is the 13C and 15N labeled Acetaminophen. Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 25.8 μM;is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic agent. Acetaminophen is a potent hepatic N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) inhibitor.
    Acetaminophen-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-78131R
    Ibuprofen (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ibuprofen (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ibuprofen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ibuprofen ((±)-Ibuprofen) is a potent, orally active, selective COX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 13 μM. Ibuprofen inhibits cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and induces cell apoptosis. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Ibuprofen ((±)-Ibuprofen) can be used in the research of pain, swelling, inflammation, infection, immunology, cancers.
    Ibuprofen (Standard)
  • HY-A0273
    Propyphenazone
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    Propyphenazone (4-Isopropylantipyrine) is an orally active nonacidic pyrazole nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Propyphenazone is a weak nonselective COX inhibitor. Propyphenazone has the effect of reducing pain and antipyretic activity with minimal anti-inflammatory activity.
    Propyphenazone
  • HY-B1489
    Tolmetin sodium dihydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Tolmetin sodium dihydrate is an orally active and potent COX inhibitor with IC50s of 0.35 μM and 0.82 μM human COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Tolmetin sodium dihydrate is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
    Tolmetin sodium dihydrate
  • HY-W923189
    Neral
    		Inhibitor
    Neral is a monoterpene compound that has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Neral can inhibit TNF-α and IL-6, and it also suppresses inflammatory mediators like pro-IL-1β, iNOS, COX-2, and NLRP-3.
    Neral
  • HY-100586
    Ibuprofen L-lysine
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    Ibuprofen ((±)-Ibuprofen) L-lysine is a potent orally active, selective COX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 13 μM. Ibuprofen L-lysine inhibits cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and induces cell apoptosis. Ibuprofen L-lysine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Ibuprofen L-lysine can be used in the research of pain, swelling, inflammation, infection, immunology, cancers.
    Ibuprofen L-lysine
  • HY-118827
    Vedaprofen
    		Inhibitor 99.42%
    Vedaprofen (Quadrisol) is a COX-1 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) for serum TxB2 and exudate PGE2 inhibition . Vedaprofen is a Escherichia coli (E. coli) sliding clamp (SC) inhibitor with the IC50 of 222 μM.
    Vedaprofen
  • HY-B0230S
    Phenylbutazone(diphenyl-d10)
    		Inhibitor 98.82%
    Phenylbutazone(diphenyl-d10) is the deuterium labeled Phenylbutazone. Phenylbutazone is an efficient reducing cofactor for the peroxidase activity of prostaglandin H synthase (PHS). Phenylbutazone, a hepatotoxin, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Phenylbutazone induces muscle blind-like protein 1 (MBNL1) expression and has the potential for ankylosing spondylitis research.
    Phenylbutazone(diphenyl-d<sub>10</sub>)
  • HY-16726
    Polmacoxib
    		Inhibitor 99.70%
    Polmacoxib (CG100649) is a first-in-class, orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) which is a dual inhibitor of COX-2 (IC50 around 0.1 μg/ml) and carbonic anhydrase. Polmacoxib inhibits colorectal adenoma and tumor growth in mouse models.
    Polmacoxib
  • HY-131259
    Ibuprofen Impurity F
    		Inhibitor
    Ibuprofen Impurity F is an Ibuprofen impurity. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.
    Ibuprofen Impurity F
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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