2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-121046
    Flunixin
    		Inhibitor
    Flunixin is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.55 and 3.24 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Flunixin shows anti-inflammatory effects.
    Flunixin
  • HY-147870
    COX-2-IN-22
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-22 (Compound 4h) is a COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 8.6 µM. COX-2-IN-22 also inhibits AChE, BChE, β-Secretase, LOX-5 and DPPH with IC50 values of 2.8, 6.3, 15.3, 13.9 and 6.8 µM, respectively. COX-2-IN-22 can cross BBB.
    COX-2-IN-22
  • HY-126121R
    2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen is a metabolite of Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.
    2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen (Standard)
  • HY-B1221S
    Flufenamic acid-d4
    		Inhibitor
    Flufenamic acid-d4 is deuterium labeled Flufenamic acid. Flufenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX), activates AMPK, and also modulates ion channels, blocking chloride channels and L-type Ca2+ channels, modulating non-selective cation channels (NSC), activating K+ channels. Flufenamic acid binds to the central pocket of TEAD2 YBD and inhibits both TEAD function and TEAD-YAP-dependent processes, such as cell migration and proliferation.
    Flufenamic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-176214
    PPARγ agonist 19
    		Inhibitor
    PPARγ agonist 19 (Compound 5e) is a PPARγ agonist. PPARγ agonist 19 has an IC50 of 11.27 μM against COX-1 and an IC50 of 0.05 μM against COX-1. PPARγ agonist 19 increases glucose uptake in rat hemidiaphragm assay and is superior to pioglitazone (HY-13956). PPARγ agonist 19 alleviates hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in an in vivo model of type 2 diabetes in rats and protects against renal and lipidemia damage caused by metabolic dysfunction.
    PPARγ agonist 19
  • HY-N2007S
    Veratric acid-d6
    		Inhibitor
    Veratric acid-d6 is deuterium labeled Veratric acid. Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid) is an orally active phenolic compound derived from vegetables and fruits, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Veratric acid also acts as a protective agent against hypertension-associated cardiovascular remodelling. Veratric acid reduces upregulated COX-2 expression, and levels of PGE2, IL-6 after UVB irradiation.
    Veratric acid-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-125131
    Buddlejasaponin IV
    		Inhibitor
    Buddlejasaponin IV (BS‐IV) exerts anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects against cancer cells.
    Buddlejasaponin IV
  • HY-15321A
    Etoricoxib hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    Etoricoxib hydrochloride (MK-0663 hydrochloride) is a synthetic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory activity. Etoricoxib hydrochloride can inhibit the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, thereby reducing inflammation and pain. Etoricoxib hydrochloride is used to inhibit osteoarthritis and has anti-inflammatory and bone remodeling effects. The formulation of etoricoxib hydrochloride is prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation technology and exhibits good cell compatibility and enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity.
    Etoricoxib hydrochloride
  • HY-114795
    Indomethacin heptyl ester
    		Inhibitor
    Indomethacin heptyl ester is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.04 μM, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.
    Indomethacin heptyl ester
  • HY-W268542S1
    4-Acetylaminoantipyrine-d3
    4-Acetylaminoantipyrine-d3 is the deuterium labeled 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine (HY-W268542). 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine (4-AA) is a derivative of antipyrine (HY-B0171). 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine acts as a PGE2-dependent blocker and inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX). 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine can inhibit Cu/ZnSOD. 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine can spontaneously bind with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and alter its conformation.
    4-Acetylaminoantipyrine-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-162166
    COX-2/15-LOX/mPGES1-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2/15-LOX/mPGES1-IN-1 (Compound 2c) is an inhibitor of COX-2, 15-LOX, and mPGES-1 enzymes with IC50 values of 0.057, 2.39, and 2.8 μM, respectively. COX-2/15-LOX/mPGES1-IN-1 possesses anti-inflammatory activity and can inhibit rat paw edema in vivo experiments.
    COX-2/15-LOX/mPGES1-IN-1
  • HY-N2434R
    [10]-Shogaol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    -Shogaol (Standard) is the analytical standard of -Shogaol (HY-N2434). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. [10]-Shogaol is an orally active antioxidant. [10]-Shogaol can be extracted from ginger (Zingiber officinale). [10]-Shogaol1 inhibits COX-2 with an IC50 value of 7.5 μM. [10]-Shogaol inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6). [10]-Shogaol inhibits NF-κB phosphorylation. [10]-Shogaol has anti-inflammatory effects. [10]-Shogaol has anticancer effects against Docetaxel (HY-B0011)-resistant prostate cancer. [10]-Shogaol exhibits larvicidal activity against L5 larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis.
    [10]-Shogaol (Standard)
  • HY-170586
    JAK05
    		Modulator
    JAK05 exhibits inhibitory activity against Helicobacter pylori, inhibits strains J63, J196 and J107 with MIC of 3-5 µg/mL. JAK05 exhibits binding affinity to H+/K+-ATPase, COX-1/2, TNF-α and PGE2, reveals antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. JAK05 exhibits anti-ulcer activity in rat ethanol-induced gastric ulcer models.
    JAK05
  • HY-159169
    5-LOX/sEH-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    5-LOX/sEH-IN-1 (Compound 8o) is a dual 5-LOX/sEH-IN-1 inhibitor with cardioprotective effects, exhibiting IC50 values of 3.05 μM and 2.20 nM respectively, and 5-LOX/sEH-IN-1 can also inhibit the activity of COX-2 (IC50=10.50 μM). 5-LOX/sEH-IN-1 has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, while reducing ulcer pathogenicity, and can be used to develop anti-inflammatory agents with fewer gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side effects.
    5-LOX/sEH-IN-1
  • HY-B1452S1
    Licofelone-d6
    Licofelone-d6 is the deuterium labeled Licofelone. Licofelone (ML-3000) is a dual COX/5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor (IC50=0.21/0.18 μM, respectively) for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Licofelone exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects. Licofelone induces apoptosis, and decreases the production of proinflammatory leukotrienes and prostaglandins.
    Licofelone-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-18763A
    Indobufen sodium
    		Inhibitor
    Indobufen sodium is a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Indobufen sodium is a reversible platelet cyclooxygenase (Cox) activity inhibitor. Indobufen sodium suppresses thromboxane A2 (TxA2) synthesis. Indobufen sodium down-regulates tissue factor (TF) in monocytes.
    Indobufen sodium
  • HY-B0574S2
    Mefenamic acid-13C6
    		Inhibitor
    Mefenamic acid-13C6 is the 13C-labeled Mefenamic acid. Mefenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, acting as a competitive inhibitor of hCOX-1 and hCOX-2, with IC50s of 40 nM and 3 μM for hCOX-1 and hCOX-2, respectively.
    Mefenamic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-161266
    COX-2/NLRP3-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2/NLRP3-IN-1 (Compound 6k) is a COX-2/NLRP3 inhibitor with a IC50 of 1.53 μM for COX-2. COX-2/NLRP3-IN-1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
    COX-2/NLRP3-IN-1
  • HY-163509
    COX-2-IN-43
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-43 (Compound MYM4) is a COX-2 inhibitor (IC50: 0.983 and 0.247 μM for COX-1 and COX-2 respectively). COX-2-IN-43 inhibits cancer cell proliferation and colonization, induces apoptosis.
    COX-2-IN-43
  • HY-N5015R
    Rosmanol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Rosmanol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rosmanol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rosmanol could inhibit the oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LPL) and significantly inhibit lipopolysaccharide induced iNOS and COX-2 expression, with anti-inflammatory effect.
    Rosmanol (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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