GPR109A

HM74A; PUMA-G; HCA2; HCAR2

GPR109A

Related Products

GPR109A is a G-protein-coupled receptor for nicotinate but recognizes butyrate with low affinity. GPR109A is expressed in the lumen-facing apical membrane of colonic and intestinal epithelial cells and that the receptor recognizes butyrate as a ligand. The expression of GPR109A is silenced in colon cancer in humans, in a mouse model of intestinal/colon cancer, and in colon cancer cell lines. The tumor-associated silencing of GPR109A involves DNA methylation directly or indirectly. Reexpression of GPR109A in colon cancer cells induces apoptosis, but only in the presence of its ligands butyrate and nicotinate. Butyrate is an inhibitor of histone deacetylases, but apoptosis induced by activation of GPR109A with its ligands in colon cancer cells does not involve inhibition of histone deacetylation. The primary changes in this apoptotic process include down-regulation of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and cyclin D1 and up-regulation of death receptor pathway. In addition, GPR109A/butyrate suppresses nuclear factor-kappaB activation in normal and cancer colon cell lines as well as in normal mouse colon. These studies show that GPR109A mediates the tumor-suppressive effects of the bacterial fermentation product butyrate in colon.

GPR109A Related Products (13):

By Effects:	Inhibitor (1) Agonists (8)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Effect	Purity	Chemical Structure

HY-103252

Monomethyl fumarate	Agonist	99.95%
Monomethyl fumarate, an active metabolite of Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), is a potent GPR109A agonist. Monomethyl fumarate has the potential for multiple neuroprotective pathways and other models of retinal disease.

HY-17585

Mepenzolate bromide	Inhibitor	99.90%
Mepenzolate bromide is an orally administered muscarinic receptor antagonist with K_is of 0.68 and 2.6 nM for hM2R and hM3R, respectively. Mepenzolate bromide can be used to suppress the gastrointestinal hypermotility associated with irritable bowel syndrome.Mepenzolate bromide is a GPR109A inhibitor.

HY-10680

MK-6892	Agonist	99.43%
MK-6892 is a potent, selective, and full agonist for the high affinity nicotinic acid (NA) receptor GPR109A. K_i and GTPγS EC₅₀ of MK-6892 on the Human GPR109A is 4 nM and 16 nM, respectively.

HY-135982

GPR81 agonist 1		99.73%
GPR81 agonist 1 is a potent and highly selective GPR81 agonist, with EC₅₀s of 58 nM and 50 nM for human and mouse GPR81, respectively. GPR81 agonist 1 inhibits lipolysis in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. GPR81 agonist 1 suppresses lipolysis in mice without cutaneous flushing. GPR81 agonist 1 displays remarkable selectivity for GPR81 over GPR109a.

HY-13008

MK-0354	Agonist	99.73%
MK-0354 is a partial agonist of GPR109a receptor, for hGPR109a/ mGPR109a with EC50 of 1.65/1.08 μM, showed no activation of GPR109b.

HY-119222A

GSK256073 tris	Agonist
GSK256073 tris is a potent, selective and orally active GPR109A agonist and a long-lasting and non-flushing HCA2 full agonist with a pEC₅₀ of 7.5 (human HCA2). GSK256073 tris acutely improves glucose homeostasis via inhibition of lipolysis and has the potential for the study of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)and dyslipidemia. GPR109A: G-protein coupled receptor 109A; HCA2: hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor 2

HY-119222

GSK256073	Agonist	99.11%
GSK256073 is a potent, selective and orally active GPR109A agonist and a long-lasting and non-flushing HCA2 full agonist with a pEC₅₀ of 7.5 (human HCA2). GSK256073 acutely improves glucose homeostasis via inhibition of lipolysis and has the potential for the study of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)and dyslipidemia. GPR109A: G-protein coupled receptor 109A; HCA2: hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor 2

HY-107581

MK-1903		99.92%
MK-1903 is a potent and selective hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2, GPR109A) full agonist.

HY-107579

Acifran	Agonist	99.25%
Acifran (AY 25712), an antihyperlipidemic agent, is an orally active agonist of GPR109A (HM74A) and GPR109B, the high and low affinity receptors for Niacin.

HY-W095200

GPR109 receptor agonist-2	Agonist	99.08%
GPR109 receptor agonist-2 (Compound 5) is a selective GPR109a agonist with a pEC₅₀ of 5.53.

HY-107580

GPR109 receptor agonist-1	Agonist	99.91%
GPR109 receptor agonist-1 (Compound 3a) is a highly selective agonist of the human orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR109b, with the pEC₅₀ of 6.4. GPR109 receptor agonist-1 can be used for the research of cardio-metabolic diseases.

HY-47823

GPCR agonist-2		99.93%
GPCR agonist-2 (Compound 5j) is a GPCR GPR109b (HM74) agonist, with a pEC₅₀ value of 6.51. GPCR agonist-2 can be used for research of lipid disorders.

HY-148563

GPR81 agonist 2
GPR81 agonist 2 (compound 1) is a potent GPR81 agonist with EC₅₀ values of 0.023, 0.123 µM for hGPR81, hGPR109A, respectively.

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