2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0111S2
    Coenzyme Q10-d9
    		98.23%
    Coenzyme Q10-d9 is the deuterium labeled Coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.
    Coenzyme Q10-d<sub>9</sub>
  • HY-N0359R
    Cynarin (Standard)
    Cynarin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cynarin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cynarin is an antichoke agent with a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, antihistamic and antiviral activities.
    Cynarin (Standard)
  • HY-B1066R
    Butylhydroxyanisole (Standard)
    Butylhydroxyanisole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Butylhydroxyanisole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Butylhydroxyanisole (Butylated hydroxyanisole) is an antioxidant used as a food additive preservative. Butylhydroxyanisole mediates liver toxicity, retardation in reproductive organ development and learning, and sleep deficit. Butylhydroxyanisole exerts neurotoxic effects and leads to disruption of the brain and nerve development. Butylhydroxyanisole is a ferroptosis inducer.
    Butylhydroxyanisole (Standard)
  • HY-119695B
    Simvastatin acid calcium hydrate
    		Inhibitor
    Simvastatin acid (Tenivastatin) calcium hydrate is a potent HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor. Simvastatin acid calcium hydrate reduces Indoxyl sulfate-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human cardiomyocytes. Simvastatin acid calcium hydrate can also modulates OATP3A1 expression in cardiomyocytes and HEK293 cells transfected with the OATP3A1 gene.
    Simvastatin acid calcium hydrate
  • HY-17363S1
    Dimethyl fumarate-d2
    		99.20%
    Dimethyl fumarate-d2 is the deuterium labeled Dimethyl fumarate[1]. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an orally active and brain-penetrant Nrf2 activator and induces upregulation of antioxidant gene expression. Dimethyl fumarate induces necroptosis in colon cancer cells through GSH depletion/ROS increase/MAPKs activation pathway, and also induces cell autophagy. Dimethyl fumarate can be used for multiple sclerosis research[2][3].
    Dimethyl fumarate-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-N7576
    Anemarrhenasaponin Ia
    Anemarrhenasaponin Ia, isolated from Anemarrhenae rhizome, inhibits N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide generation. Anemarrhenasaponin Ia is an useful anti-inflammation reagent.
    Anemarrhenasaponin Ia
  • HY-116807R
    Dihydrolipoic Acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Dihydrolipoic Acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dihydrolipoic Acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dihydrolipoic Acid (DHLA) is an excellent antioxidant capable of scavenging almost any oxygen-centered radical. Dihydrolipoic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in various diseases. Dihydrolipoic Acid exerts a preventive effect via ERK/Nrf2/HO-1/ROS/NLRP3 pathway in LPS-induced sickness behavior rats. Dihydrolipoic Acid can be used for the reaserch of depression.
    Dihydrolipoic Acid (Standard)
  • HY-N3294
    Mesuol
    		Inhibitor
    Mesuol, a natural product isolated from M. ferrea L. seed oil, has antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects.
    Mesuol
  • HY-18085R
    Quercetin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Quercetin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Quercetin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively.
    Quercetin (Standard)
  • HY-B0347S3
    Lacidipine-13C4
    		Inhibitor
    Lacidipine-13C4 is 13C labeled Lacidipine (HY-B0347). Lacidipine is an orally active and highly selective L-type calcium channel blocker that acts on smooth muscle calcium channels, primarily dilates peripheral arteries, reduces peripheral resistance, and has long-lasting anti-hypertensive activity. Lacidipine protects HKCs from apoptosis induced by ATP depletion and recovery by modulating the caspase-3 pathway. Lacidipine can be used in studies of hypertension, atherosclerosis and acute kidney injury (AKI).
    Lacidipine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-N0055R
    Chlorogenic acid (Standard)
    Chlorogenic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Chlorogenic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb. It is an orally active antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension compound.
    Chlorogenic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N2010R
    Methyl gallate (Standard)
    Methyl gallate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methyl gallate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methyl gallate is a plant phenolic with antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Methyl gallate also shows bacterial inhibition activity. Methyl gallate also has anti-HIV-1 and HIV-1 enzyme inhibitory activities.
    Methyl gallate (Standard)
  • HY-A0278R
    Hexaconazole (Standard)
    Hexaconazole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hexaconazole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications.
    Hexaconazole (Standard)
  • HY-N0929R
    Hexahydrocurcumin (Standard)
    Hexahydrocurcumin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hexahydrocurcumin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hexahydrocurcumin is one of the major metabolites of curcumin and a selective, orally active COX-2 inhibitor. Hexahydrocurcumin is inactive against COX-1. Hexahydrocurcumin has antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Hexahydrocurcumin (Standard)
  • HY-N0683S
    α-Vitamin E-13C6
    α-Vitamin E-13C6 is the 13C-labeled α-Vitamin E. α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant[1][2].
    α-Vitamin E-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-162135
    MAT2A-IN-14
    		Inducer
    MAT2A-IN-14 (compound H3) is a MAT2A inhibitor, and generates reactive oxygen species after sonication to specifically degrade cellular MAT2A via rapid oxidative reactions. Combination of MAT2A-IN-14 and sonication induces 87% MAT2A depletion in human colon cancer cell.
    MAT2A-IN-14
  • HY-159111
    KS124
    		Inducer
    KS124 (compound 3) is a potent ALDH inhibitor. KS124 shows inhibition for ALDH1A1, ALDH1A3, ALDH3A1. KS124 shows antiproliferative activity. KS124 induces apoptosis and ROS production.
    KS124
  • HY-114911R
    Feprazone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Feprazone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Feprazone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Feprazone (DA2370; Prenazone), an analogue of Phenylbutazone (HY-B0230), is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic activities. Feprazone acts by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Feprazone ameliorates free fatty acid (FFA)-induced oxidative stress by reducing the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Feprazone can decrease the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Besides, Feprazone can suppress adipogenesis and increase lipolysis in differentiating 3 T3-L1 cells. Feprazone also can be used to research atherosclerosis and obesity.
    Feprazone (Standard)
  • HY-N9534
    Xylopine
    		Activator ≥98.0%
    Xylopine is an aporphine alkaloid with cytotoxic activity on cancer cells. Xylopine induces oxidative stress, causes G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells.
    Xylopine
  • HY-149998
    Antimycobacterial agent-5
    		Inducer
    Antimycobacterial agent-5 (compound 27) is an imidazopyridine amide targeting mycobacterial electron transport chain (ETC) airway CIII2CIV2 supercomplexes. The IC50 value of Antimycobacterial agent-5 against Mycobacterium smegmatisCIII2CIV2 is 441 nM.
    Antimycobacterial agent-5
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity