2. Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel Neuronal Signaling Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. GABA Receptor Endogenous Metabolite
  4. γ-Aminobutyric acid

γ-Aminobutyric acid  (Synonyms: 4-Aminobutyric acid)

Cat. No.: HY-N0067 Purity: 99.71%
SDS COA Handling Instructions Technical Support

γ-Aminobutyric acid (4-Aminobutyric acid) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain, binding to the ionotropic GABA receptors (GABAA receptors) and metabotropic receptors (GABAB receptors. γ-Aminobutyric acid shows calming effect by blocking specific signals of central nervous system.

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γ-Aminobutyric acid Chemical Structure

γ-Aminobutyric acid Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 56-12-2

Size Price Stock Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in Water
ready for reconstitution
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10 mM * 1 mL in Water In-stock
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100 mg In-stock
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Based on 3 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of γ-Aminobutyric acid:

γ-Aminobutyric acid Related Antibodies

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  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

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Description

γ-Aminobutyric acid (4-Aminobutyric acid) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain, binding to the ionotropic GABA receptors (GABAA receptors) and metabotropic receptors (GABAB receptors. γ-Aminobutyric acid shows calming effect by blocking specific signals of central nervous system[1][2].

IC50 & Target

Microbial Metabolite

 

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

Cellular Effect
Cell Line Type Value Description References
HEK293 EC50
0.43 μM
Compound: GABA
Antagonist activity at human rho1 GABAc receptor in HEK293 cells by FMP assay
Antagonist activity at human rho1 GABAc receptor in HEK293 cells by FMP assay
[PMID: 17722904]
HEK293 EC50
0.53 μM
Compound: GABA
Agonist activity at human GABA-B B1/B2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation after 3 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay
Agonist activity at human GABA-B B1/B2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation after 3 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay
[PMID: 23428109]
HEK293 EC50
0.55 μM
Compound: GABA
Agonist activity at human GABAC rho 1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by FMP assay
Agonist activity at human GABAC rho 1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by FMP assay
[PMID: 17655213]
HEK293 EC50
12.8 μM
Compound: GABA
Agonist activity at rat GABA alpha-1-T129S-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Whole-cell patch-clamp technique
Agonist activity at rat GABA alpha-1-T129S-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Whole-cell patch-clamp technique
[PMID: 17655213]
HEK293 EC50
354 μM
Compound: 119
Substrate uptake by the Taurine Transporter (TauT, SLC6A6) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC6A6 cells
Substrate uptake by the Taurine Transporter (TauT, SLC6A6) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC6A6 cells
10.5281/zenodo.7360560
HEK293 EC50
36 μM
Compound: 119
Substrate uptake by the Sodium- and Chloride-Dependent BetaineTransporter (BGT-1, SLC6A12) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC6A12 cells
Substrate uptake by the Sodium- and Chloride-Dependent BetaineTransporter (BGT-1, SLC6A12) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC6A12 cells
10.5281/zenodo.7360527
HEK293 EC50
43 μM
Compound: GABA
Agonist activity at GABA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by Whole-cell patch-clamp technique
Agonist activity at GABA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by Whole-cell patch-clamp technique
[PMID: 17655213]
HEK293 IC50
5 μM
Compound: 1, GABA
Inhibition of [3H]GABA uptake at mouse GAT1 expressed in HEK293 cells after 25 mins by scintillation counting analysis
Inhibition of [3H]GABA uptake at mouse GAT1 expressed in HEK293 cells after 25 mins by scintillation counting analysis
[PMID: 23336362]
HEK293 EC50
6 μM
Compound: GABA
Agonist activity at human GABAC rho 1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by Whole-cell patch-clamp technique
Agonist activity at human GABAC rho 1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by Whole-cell patch-clamp technique
[PMID: 17655213]
IMR-32 EC50
2.94 μM
Compound: GABA
Agonist activity at GABA type-A receptor in human IMR32 cells after 2 hrs by Epic DMR assay
Agonist activity at GABA type-A receptor in human IMR32 cells after 2 hrs by Epic DMR assay
10.1039/C5MD00442J
Oocyte EC50
0.8 μM
Compound: 1, GABA
Agonist activity at human GABAc Rho1 receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as whole cell current production by two electrode voltage clamp method
Agonist activity at human GABAc Rho1 receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as whole cell current production by two electrode voltage clamp method
[PMID: 18528996]
Oocyte EC50
0.99 μM
Compound: GABA
Agonist activity at human alpha1beta2gamma2L GABAA receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as potentiation of channel current response by two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology assay
Agonist activity at human alpha1beta2gamma2L GABAA receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as potentiation of channel current response by two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology assay
[PMID: 22029276]
Oocyte EC50
1.19 μM
Compound: GABA
Agonist activity at human recombinant GABAc rho1 receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60mV by two-electrode voltage clamp method
Agonist activity at human recombinant GABAc rho1 receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60mV by two-electrode voltage clamp method
[PMID: 17981464]
Oocyte EC50
1.7 μM
Compound: 1, GABA
Agonist activity at human GABAb 1A/2 receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as whole cell current production by two electrode voltage clamp method
Agonist activity at human GABAb 1A/2 receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as whole cell current production by two electrode voltage clamp method
[PMID: 18528996]
Oocyte EC50
10 μM
Compound: GABA
Activity at rat wild type GABAA alpha-1-beta-2 receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method
Activity at rat wild type GABAA alpha-1-beta-2 receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method
[PMID: 18651727]
Oocyte EC50
136 μM
Compound: GABA
Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1T129C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method
Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1T129C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method
[PMID: 18651727]
Oocyte EC50
21.1 μM
Compound: 1, GABA
Agonist activity at human alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2L GABAA receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as inhibition of current production by two electrode voltage clamp method
Agonist activity at human alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2L GABAA receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as inhibition of current production by two electrode voltage clamp method
[PMID: 18528996]
Oocyte EC50
430 μM
Compound: GABA
Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1F64C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method
Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1F64C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method
[PMID: 18651727]
Oocyte EC50
5540 μM
Compound: GABA
Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1R66C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method
Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1R66C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method
[PMID: 18651727]
Oocyte EC50
6.5 μM
Compound: GABA
Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1S68C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method
Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1S68C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method
[PMID: 18651727]
In Vitro

γ-Aminobutyric acid (30 μM) depolarizes cortical progenitor cells (E16 cells), results an inward current in ventricular zone (VZ) cells, and induces DNA synthesis inhibition, with half-maximal response concentration of 5 μM[3].
Cortical plate (cp) neurons expresses glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), γ-Aminobutyric acid (1-5 μM; 18 h) stimulates the motility and arrests the migration of cp cells, while the chemotropic signal is involved G-protein activation[4].
γ-Aminobutyric acid activates GABA A receptors, causing cell cycle arrest in S phase and limiting growth[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

γ-Aminobutyric acid Related Antibodies

Cell Migration Assay [4]

Cell Line: Cortical plate (cp) neurons
Concentration: 1-5 μM
Incubation Time: 18 hours
Result: Promoted motility via G-protein activation and arrested attractantinduced migration via GABAA receptor-mediated depolarization.
In Vivo

γ-Aminobutyric acid (33.95, 102.25, 306.75 mg/kg; p.o.; single dose) can enhance the sleep of mice[6].
γ-Aminobutyric acid (1, 2, 4 mg/kg/d; p.o.; 30 d) alleviates anxiety and restored food utilization rate in rats, with impairment induced by Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure[7].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Pathogens free (SPF) Bagg’s albino (Balb/c) mice (18–20 g, 8 weeks old)[6]
Dosage: 33.95, 102.25, 306.75 mg/kg
Administration: Oral gavage; single dose; 20 mL/kg administration; measured in an hour
Result: Prolonged the sleep duration, increased sleep rate, and shorten the sleep latency more effectively.
Animal Model: Sprague-Dawley rat indued by DEHP (HY-B1945) (500 mg/kg)[7]
Dosage: 1, 2, 4 mg/kg
Administration: Oral gavage; combined administration; for 30 consecutive days
Result: Reduced the levels of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase in rats treated with DEHP.
Molecular Weight

103.12

Formula

C4H9NO2
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(O)CCCN
Structure Classification
Initial Source

mammalian central nervous system
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

RT, protect from light

In solvent -80°C 2 years
-20°C 1 year
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

H2O : 50 mg/mL (484.87 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 9.6974 mL 48.4872 mL 96.9744 mL
5 mM 1.9395 mL 9.6974 mL 19.3949 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 100 mg/mL (969.74 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.71%

SDS (393 KB)

COA (242 KB) HNMR (113 KB) RP-HPLC (141 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O 1 mM 9.6974 mL 48.4872 mL 96.9744 mL 242.4360 mL
5 mM 1.9395 mL 9.6974 mL 19.3949 mL 48.4872 mL
10 mM 0.9697 mL 4.8487 mL 9.6974 mL 24.2436 mL
15 mM 0.6465 mL 3.2325 mL 6.4650 mL 16.1624 mL
20 mM 0.4849 mL 2.4244 mL 4.8487 mL 12.1218 mL
25 mM 0.3879 mL 1.9395 mL 3.8790 mL 9.6974 mL
30 mM 0.3232 mL 1.6162 mL 3.2325 mL 8.0812 mL
40 mM 0.2424 mL 1.2122 mL 2.4244 mL 6.0609 mL
50 mM 0.1939 mL 0.9697 mL 1.9395 mL 4.8487 mL
60 mM 0.1616 mL 0.8081 mL 1.6162 mL 4.0406 mL
80 mM 0.1212 mL 0.6061 mL 1.2122 mL 3.0304 mL
100 mM 0.0970 mL 0.4849 mL 0.9697 mL 2.4244 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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γ-Aminobutyric acid Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

γ-Aminobutyric acid56-12-24-Aminobutyric acidGABA ReceptorEndogenous MetaboliteGamma-aminobutyric acid Receptorγ-Aminobutyric acid ReceptorGABAGADpolyamineneurotransmittercentral nervous systemCNSionotropicmetabotropicdevelopmentchemotaxiscortexG-proteindepolarizationneuronmigrationInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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