2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Anti-infection Apoptosis
  3. Endogenous Metabolite Antibiotic Apoptosis
  4. Citric acid monohydrate

Citric acid monohydrate is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid monohydrate induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase. Citric acid monohydrate cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid monohydrate causes renal toxicity in mice.

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Citric acid monohydrate Chemical Structure

Citric acid monohydrate Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 5949-29-1

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Citric acid monohydrate Related Antibodies

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Description

Citric acid monohydrate is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid monohydrate induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase. Citric acid monohydrate cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid monohydrate causes renal toxicity in mice[1][2][3].

IC50 & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

In Vitro

Citric acid monohydrate (0-12.5 mM; 24 h) shows antiproliferative activity in a dose dependent manner[3].
Citric acid monohydrate (12.5 mM; 72 h) induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in a dosedependent manner[3].
Citric acid monohydrate (12.5 mM; 48 h) increases the expression of FAS, BAX, BID, AIF, EndoG, cytochrome c, PARP, GADD153, GRP78 and caspase-3, -8, -9, and decreases of BCL-2 and BCL-Xl[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Citric acid monohydrate Related Antibodies

Cell Viability Assay[3]

Cell Line: HaCaT cells
Concentration: 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 mM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Inhibited the cell viability in a dose dependent manner.

Cell Cycle Analysis[3]

Cell Line: HaCaT cells
Concentration: 12.5 mM
Incubation Time: 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 h
Result: Induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in a dosedependent manner.

Western Blot Analysis[3]

Cell Line: HaCaT cells
Concentration: 12.5 mM
Incubation Time: 12, 24, 48 h
Result: Increased the expression of FAS, BAX, BID, AIF, EndoG, cytochrome c, PARP, GADD153, GRP78 and caspase-3, -8, -9, and decreased of BCL-2 and BCL-Xl.
In Vivo

Citric acid monohydrate (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.) significantly decreases GSH-Px activity and induces an increase in the MDA (malonyldialdehyde) levels in mouse liver[1].
Citric acid monohydrate (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.) induces apoptosis by increases caspase-3 activity in a dose-dependent manner in mouse hepatocytes[1].
Citric acid monohydrate (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.; weekly for 3 weeks) causes renal toxicity in mice[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: 20 g male Kunming mice[2]
Dosage: 120, 240, 480 mg/kg
Administration: I.p.; weekly for 3 weeks
Result: T-SOD and GSH-Px activities in the treated groups decreased with increasing doses of citric acid, NOS activity tended to increase, and H2O2 and MDA contents gradually decreased.
Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

210.14

Formula

C6H10O8
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(CC(C(O)=O)(O)CC(O)=O)O.O
Initial Source

Aspergillus niger
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

Store at room temperature, keep dry and cool
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (475.87 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 4.7587 mL 23.7937 mL 47.5873 mL
5 mM 0.9517 mL 4.7587 mL 9.5175 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

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Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

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In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
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Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Purity & Documentation

Purity: ≥98.0%

COA (250 KB) HNMR (106 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 4.7587 mL 23.7937 mL 47.5873 mL 118.9683 mL
5 mM 0.9517 mL 4.7587 mL 9.5175 mL 23.7937 mL
10 mM 0.4759 mL 2.3794 mL 4.7587 mL 11.8968 mL
15 mM 0.3172 mL 1.5862 mL 3.1725 mL 7.9312 mL
20 mM 0.2379 mL 1.1897 mL 2.3794 mL 5.9484 mL
25 mM 0.1903 mL 0.9517 mL 1.9035 mL 4.7587 mL
30 mM 0.1586 mL 0.7931 mL 1.5862 mL 3.9656 mL
40 mM 0.1190 mL 0.5948 mL 1.1897 mL 2.9742 mL
50 mM 0.0952 mL 0.4759 mL 0.9517 mL 2.3794 mL
60 mM 0.0793 mL 0.3966 mL 0.7931 mL 1.9828 mL
80 mM 0.0595 mL 0.2974 mL 0.5948 mL 1.4871 mL
100 mM 0.0476 mL 0.2379 mL 0.4759 mL 1.1897 mL
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Citric acid monohydrate Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Citric acid5949-29-1Endogenous MetaboliteAntibioticApoptosisantioxidativeapoptosisrenal toxicityMDA levelsmOxidative damageG2/M phaseS phaseHaCaT cellsInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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