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  5. Deoxynivalenol

Deoxynivalenol  (Synonyms: Vomitoxin)

Cat. No.: HY-N6684 Purity: 99.39%
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Deoxynivalenol, an orally active mycotoxin of the trichothecenes family, crosses the intestinal mucosa by a paracellular pathway through the tight junctions. The Deoxynivalenol transport is not affected by P-glycoprotein (PgP) or multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) inhibitors.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Deoxynivalenol Chemical Structure

Deoxynivalenol Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 51481-10-8

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Based on 7 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Deoxynivalenol:

Deoxynivalenol Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    Deoxynivalenol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Nov 11;248:114276.  [Abstract]

    DON exposure results in the decrease of the expression levels of occludin and claudin-1 in duodenum of mice.

    • Biological Activity

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    Deoxynivalenol, an orally active mycotoxin of the trichothecenes family, crosses the intestinal mucosa by a paracellular pathway through the tight junctions. The Deoxynivalenol transport is not affected by P-glycoprotein (PgP) or multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) inhibitors[1].

    In Vitro

    Deoxynivalenol (0-2 μg/mL, 24 h) provokes the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) Erk1/2, p38 and SAPK/JNK in Caco-2 cells[1].
    Deoxynivalenol (100-4000 ng/mL, 24-72 h) reduces the viability of IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2 cells after 48 h and 72 h incubation at the doses of 500-4000 ng/mL[2].
    Deoxynivalenol (0-4000 ng/mL, 24-72 h) increases BrdU incorporation at 200 ng/mL and decreases BrdU incorporation at 2000-4000 ng/mL in IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2 cells[2].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Deoxynivalenol Related Antibodies

    Cell Viability Assay[2]

    Cell Line: IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2 cells
    Concentration: 100-4000 ng/mL
    Incubation Time: 24-72 h
    Result: Reduced the cell count in a time and dose dependent.
    Increased LDH signals in IPEC-1 after 48 h and 72 h incubation with 2000 ng/mL and in IPEC-J2 after 48 h incubation with 2000 ng/mL.
    Reduced NR uptake in IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2 cells at the doses of 2000 ng/mL.
    Decreased the MTT signal in IPEC-1 to 60% and 40% of the control after 48 h and 72 h at the doses of 2000 ng/mL.
    Decreased the MTT signal in IPEC-J2 to 70% and 58% of the control after 48 h and 72 h at the doses of 2000 ng/mL.

    Cell Proliferation Assay[1]

    Cell Line: Caco-2 cells
    Concentration: 0-10 μg/mL
    Incubation Time: 48 h
    Result: Inhibited the proliferation of cells in a dose-dependent manner.

    Cell Cycle Analysis[2]

    Cell Line: IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2 cells
    Concentration: 200-2000 ng/mL
    Incubation Time: 24-72 h
    Result: Increased percentages of pre-G1, S and G2/M phases and decreased of the G0/G1 phase in response to 2000 ng/mL after 48 h in IPEC-1 cells.
    Decreased the G0/G1 phase in IPEC-J2 cell at the doses of 2000 ng/mL after 48 h.
    Increased the percentage of pre-G1 in IPEC-1 cells after 72 h.
    Increased the G2/M phase in IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2 cells at the doses of 2000 ng/mL after 72 h.

    Apoptosis Analysis[2]

    Cell Line: IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2 cells
    Concentration: 200-2000 ng/mL
    Incubation Time: 6-72 h
    Result: Increased the caspase 3 activity after 6 h, 8 h, 48 h and 72 h of incubation with 2000 ng/mL.
    Reduced the caspase 3 activity to the control level after 24 h of incubation with 2000 ng/mL.

    Western Blot Analysis[1]

    Cell Line: Caco-2 cells
    Concentration: 2 μg/mL
    Incubation Time: 5-240 min
    Result: Increased the phosphorylation of Erk1/Erk2 during 5 min.
    Increased the phosphorylation of p38 from 5 to 30 min.

    Western Blot Analysis[2]

    Cell Line: IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2 cells
    Concentration: 200-2000 ng/mL
    Incubation Time: 48 h
    Result: Reduced the protein level of ZO-1 at the doses of 2000 ng/mL.
    In Vivo

    Deoxynivalenol (0-5 mg/kg, i.g., daily, 14 days) increases the number of pregnant rats with excessive salivation in a dose-related manner[3].
    Deoxynivalenol (0-5 mg/kg, i.g., daily, 14 days) causes abnormal sternum development in fetuses rats at a dose of 5 mg/kg[3].
    Deoxynivalenol (10-1000 mg/kg; p.o., i.p.; once time) is estimated to be 78 mg/kg (p.o.) and 49 mg/kg (i.p.) of LD50 values in the B6C3F1 mouse[4].
    Deoxynivalenol (2-20 mg/kg, p.o., daily, 4 weeks) increases in plasma in a dose-dependent manner and reduces weight gain in B6C3F1 mouse[5].
    1.19
    Pharmacokinetic Analysis in B6C3F1 Mice Model[5]

    Route Dose (mg/kg) Plasma T1/2α (min) Plasma T1/2β (h) Liver T1/2α (min) Liver T1/2β (h) Kidney T1/2α (min) Kidney T1/2β (h) Spleen T1/2α (min) Spleen T1/2β (h) Heart T1/2α (min) Heart T1/2β (h)
    p.o. 25 20.4 11.8 22 19 47 20.9 29 9 41 12.3

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Animal Model: Pregnant rats[3]
    Dosage: 0-5 mg/kg
    Administration: i.g., daily, 14 days
    Result: Reduced feed consumption and mean body weight gain in the 5 mg/kg group .
    Reduced feed consumption in the 2.5 mg/kg group during 8-14 days.
    Decreased the number of viable fetuses at 5 mg/kg.
    Reduced fetal body weight and crown-rump length at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg.
    Increased the incidence of runts and the average number of fetuses per litter with internal anomalies at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg.
    Increased the incidence of misaligned and fused sternebrae at 5 mg/kg.
    Increased the ratios of liver-to-body-weight and kidneys-to-body-weight.
    Molecular Weight

    296.32

    Formula

    C15H20O6
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    O=C(C(C)=C1)[C@@H](O)[C@@]2(CO)[C@]1([H])O[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@@]2(C)[C@@]34OC4
    Structure Classification
    Initial Source

    Fusarium specie
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    In solvent -80°C 6 months
    -20°C 1 month
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    Ethanol : 30 mg/mL (101.24 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming)

    DMSO : 25 mg/mL (84.37 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 3.3747 mL 16.8736 mL 33.7473 mL
    5 mM 0.6749 mL 3.3747 mL 6.7495 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

    Mass
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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

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    Volume (start)

    V1

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    C2

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    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.44 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.44 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
    % 
    +
    %
    Tween-80 +
    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.39%

    COA (260 KB) RP-HPLC (86 KB) MS (87 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO / Ethanol 1 mM 3.3747 mL 16.8736 mL 33.7473 mL 84.3682 mL
    5 mM 0.6749 mL 3.3747 mL 6.7495 mL 16.8736 mL
    10 mM 0.3375 mL 1.6874 mL 3.3747 mL 8.4368 mL
    15 mM 0.2250 mL 1.1249 mL 2.2498 mL 5.6245 mL
    20 mM 0.1687 mL 0.8437 mL 1.6874 mL 4.2184 mL
    25 mM 0.1350 mL 0.6749 mL 1.3499 mL 3.3747 mL
    30 mM 0.1125 mL 0.5625 mL 1.1249 mL 2.8123 mL
    40 mM 0.0844 mL 0.4218 mL 0.8437 mL 2.1092 mL
    50 mM 0.0675 mL 0.3375 mL 0.6749 mL 1.6874 mL
    60 mM 0.0562 mL 0.2812 mL 0.5625 mL 1.4061 mL
    80 mM 0.0422 mL 0.2109 mL 0.4218 mL 1.0546 mL
    Ethanol 100 mM 0.0337 mL 0.1687 mL 0.3375 mL 0.8437 mL
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    Deoxynivalenol Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Deoxynivalenol51481-10-8VomitoxinOthersMycotoxinIPEC-1IPEC-J2trichothecenes familyPgPMRPsCaco-2 cellsInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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