1. Gene
  2. HAND2 - heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Gene

HAND2 - heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Gene

Homo sapiens

Also known as Hed; dHand; DHAND2; Thing2; bHLHa26

Gene ID: 9464 | Gene type: protein coding

About HAND2

Cytogenetic location: 4q34.1 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 4:173,526,091-173,530,229 (from NCBI)

This gene has 3 transcripts (splice variants), 214 orthologues, 13 paralogues and is associated with 1 phenotype. Biased expression in endometrium (RPKM 25.0), adrenal (RPKM 21.4) and 12 other tissues.

Summary

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors. This gene product is one of two closely related family members, the HAND proteins, which are asymmetrically expressed in the developing ventricular chambers and play an essential role in cardiac morphogenesis. Working in a complementary fashion, they function in the formation of the right ventricle and aortic arch arteries, implicating them as mediators of congenital heart disease. In addition, this transcription factor plays an important role in limb and branchial arch development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

HAND2 Products(1)

mRNA Protein Name
NM_021973.3 NP_068808.1 heart- and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 2
Gene Ontology
  • Molecular Function
  • Biological Process
  • Cellular Component
Molecular Function GO Annotation Evidence Reference Source
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
15486975 GOA
enables E-box binding IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
15486975 GOA
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
16280598 GOA
enables minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA binding IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
15486975 GOA
enables protein binding IPI
IPI: Inferred from physical interaction
15486975 GOA
enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
28473536 GOA
Biological Process GO Annotation Evidence Reference Source
involved in adult heart development IEP
IEP: Inferred from expression pattern
9878849 GOA
involved in negative regulation of gene expression IMP
IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype
24161931 GOA
involved in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade IMP
IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype
24161931 GOA
involved in positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
24161931 GOA
involved in positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy IGI
IGI: Inferred from genetic interaction
24161931 GOA
involved in positive regulation of gene expression IMP
IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype
24161931 GOA
involved in positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade IMP
IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype
24161931 GOA
involved in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
15486975 GOA
involved in positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
16280598 GOA
involved in regulation of tissue remodeling IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
24161931 GOA
Cellular Component GO Annotation Evidence Reference Source
located in chromatin IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
16280598 GOA
part of protein-containing complex IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
15486975 GOA
EXP: Inferred from Experiment IDA: Inferred from direct assay IPI: Inferred from physical interaction IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype IGI: Inferred from genetic interaction IEP: Inferred from expression pattern

HAND2 Protein Structure

HLH

HLH: Helix-loop-helix DNA-binding domain (100 - 151)

  • 0
  • 100
  • 200
  • 217 a.a.
Protein Preferred Names Protein Names

heart- and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 2

basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor HAND2

Related Diseases

Diseases Alias
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, 1a

Dilated Cardiomyopathy 1a

Cdcd1

CMD1A

Cardiomyopathy, Familial Idiopathic

Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy With Conduction Defect Due To Lmna Mutation

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, With Conduction Defect 1

Cardiomyopathy, Idiopathic Dilated

Cardiomyopathy, Congestive

Dilated Cardiomyopathy With Conduction Defect 1

Cardiomyopathy Dilated With Conduction Defect Type 1

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated 1a

Cardiomyopathy Dilated With Conduction Defect 1

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, Type 1a

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, 1h

Dilated Cardiomyopathy 1h

Dilated Cardiomyopathy With Conduction Defect

CMD1H

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, With Conduction Defect

Familial Isolated Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Familial Or Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Primary Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Congestive Cardiomyopathy

Idiopathic Dilation Cardiomyopathy

Primary Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated

DCM

Cardiomyopathy, Familial Dilated

Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Familial

Hypokinetic Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Familial

Familial Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy

Fdc

Cardiomyopathy, Familial Idiopathic

Idiopathic Cardiomegaly

Dilated Congestive Cardiomyopathy

Chronic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Ccm - [Congestive Cardiomyopathy]

Cocm - [Congestive Cardiomyopathy]

Dcm - [Dilated Cardiomyopathy]

Dilated-Hypokinetic Cardiomyopathy

Congestive Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy

Primary Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome

SCS

Acs3

Acs Iii

Chotzen Syndrome

Acrocephaly, Skull Asymmetry, And Mild Syndactyly

Acrocephalosyndactyly Type 3

Acrocephalosyndactyly, Type Iii

Acrocephalosyndactyly Type Iii

Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome With Or Without Eyelid Anomalies

Auralcephalosyndactyly

Acs 3

Acrocephalo-Syndactyly, Type 3

Blepharophimosis,Epicanthus Inversus, And Ptosis 3

Aural Cephalosyndactyly

Kurczynski-Casperson Syndrome

Acrocephalosyndactyly Iii

Dysostosis Craniofacialis With Hypertelorism

Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome, With/Without Eyelid Anomalies

Sakati Syndrome

Partial Trisomy Distal 4q

Distal Trisomy 4q

Chromosome 4, Partial Trisomy 4q

Distal 4q Trisomy

Dup Syndrome, Partial

Duplication 4q Syndrome, Partial

Partial Trisomy 4q Syndrome

Distal Duplication 4q

Telomeric Duplication 4q

Trisomy 4qter

Hypoplastic Right Heart Syndrome

Right Hypoplastic Heart Syndrome

Heart Disease

Heart Failure

Congenital Heart Disease

Heart Diseases

Congenital Heart Defects

Congenital Heart Defect

Heart Malformation

Congenital Anomaly Of Heart

Heart Defect

Heart-Congenital Defect

Congenital Heart Disorder

Heart Defects Congenital

Heart Defects, Congenital

Heart Defects

Heart Disease, Congenital

Disease, Heart, Congenital

Congestive Heart Failure

Tetralogy Of Fallot

TOF

Fallot Tetralogy

Ventricular Septal Defect With Pulmonary Stenosis Or Atresia, Dextraposition Of Aorta, And Hypertrophy Of Right Ventricle

Tetrad Of Fallot

Fallot Tetrad

Fallot Disease

Fallot Complex

Subpulmonic Stenosis, Ventricular Septal Defect, Overriding Aorta, And Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

Interventricular Septal Defect With Dextroposition Of Aorta, Pulmonary Stenosis And Hypertrophy Of Right Ventricle

Interventricular Septal Defect, In Tetralogy Of Fallot

Ventricular Septal Defect With Obstructed Right Ventricular Outflow

Tof - [Tetralogy Of Fallot]

Pulmonary Atresia With Ventricular Septal Defect [Fallot Type]

Pulmonary Atresia, Ventricular Septal Defect And Mapcas

Pulmonary Atresia With Ventricular Septal Defect And Systemic-To-Pulmonary Collateral Arteries [Fallot Type]

Tricuspid Atresia

Congenital Agenesis Of The Tricuspid Valve

Syndactyly, Type Iv

Syndactyly Type 4

Polysyndactyly, Haas Type

SDTY4

Haas Type Syndactyly

Sd4

Polysyndactyly Type Haas

Syndactyly 4

Polysyndactyly Haas Type

Syndactyly Type Iv

Heart Septal Defect

Septal Defect

Heart Septal Defects

Cardiac Septal Defects

Congenital Septal Defect Of Heart

Tibia, Hypoplasia Or Aplasia Of, With Polydactyly

Hypoplastic Or Aplastic Tibia With Polydactyly

Absence Of Tibia With Polydactyly

Tibial Hemimelia-Polysyndactyly-Triphalangeal Thumb Syndrome

THYP

Tibial Hemimelia-Polydactyly-Triphalangeal Thumbs With Fibular Dimelia

Absent Tibia-Polydactyly Syndrome

Werner Mesomelic Syndrome

Hypoplastic Tibiae-Postaxial Polydactyly Syndrome

Polydactyly With Absent Tibia

Werner Mesomelic Spectrum

Hypoplasia Or Aplasia Of Tibia With Polydactyly

Wms

Tibia, Hypoplasia Of, With Polydactyly

Syngnathia

Cleft Palate-Lateral Synechia Syndrome

Cpls Syndrome

Cleft Palate Lateral Synechia Syndrome

Inflammatory Bowel Disease 4

IBD4

Polydactyly

Non-Syndromic Polydactyly

Polydactyly, Postaxial

Postaxial Polydactyly

Supernumerary Digit

Extra Digits

Hyperdactyly

Polydactylia

Polydactylism

Supernumerary Digits

Laurin-Sandrow Syndrome

Sandrow Syndrome

Tetramelic Mirror-Image Polydactyly

Mirror-Image Polydactyly

Mirror Hands And Feet With Nasal Defects

Tmip

LSS

Mip

Mirror Hands And Feets-Nasal Defects Syndrome

Fibula And Ulna, Duplication Of, With Absence Of Tibia And Radius

Miccor Hands And Feet With Nasal Defects

Mipduplication Of Fibuland Ulna With Absence Of Tibia And Radius

Fibula Ulna Duplication Tibia Radius Absence

Laurin Sandrow Syndrome

Duplication Of Fibula And Ulna With Absence Of Tibia And Radius

Segmental Laurin-Sandrow Syndrome

Laurin-Sandrow Syndrome, Segmental

Double Outlet Right Ventricle

Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Subpulmonary Ventricular Septal Defect

Taussig-Bing Syndrome

Dextrotransposition Of Aorta

Taussig-Bing Syndrome Or Defect

Dorv

Dorv With Subpulmonary Vsd

Dorv-Tga

Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Transposition Of The Great Arteries

Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Subpulmonary Interventricular Communication, Transposition Type

Taussig-Bing Heart

Taussig-Bing Malformation

Taussig-Bing Complex

Taussig-Bing Defect

Taussig-Bing

Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Remote Ventricular Septal Defect

Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Uncommitted Ventricular Septal Defect

Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Non-Committed Interventricular Communication

Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Subaortic Or Doubly Committed Interventricular Communication Without Pulmonary Stenosis

Double Outlet Right Ventricle With Subaortic Or Doubly Committed Interventricular Communication And Pulmonary Stenosis

Chromosome 2q35 Duplication Syndrome

Syndactyly

Syndactyly Type 1

Sdty1

Zygodactyly

Syndactyly, Type I

Sd1

Syndactyly, Type 1, With Or Without Craniosynostosis

Symphalangism

Non-Syndromic Syndactyly

Symphalangy

Webbing Of Digits

Syndactyly, Type 1

Holt-Oram Syndrome

HOS

Atriodigital Dysplasia

Heart-Hand Syndrome

Atrio-Digital Syndrome

Cardiac-Limb Syndrome

Heart-Hand Syndrome, Type 1

Ventriculo-Radial Syndrome

Hos1

Heart Hand Syndrome

Atrio Digital Syndrome

Hos 1

Atriodigital Dysplasia Type 1

Heart-Hand Syndrome Type 1

Holt Oram Syndrome

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Hlhs

Heart, Hypoplastic Left, Syndrome

Hypoplasia Of The Left Heart

Left Heart Hypoplasia Syndrome

Hlhs - [Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome]

Hypoplasia Of Aortic Valve, In Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Atresia Of Mitral Valve, In Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Atresia Or Marked Hypoplasia Of Aortic Orifice Or Valve, With Hypoplasia Of Ascending Aorta And Defective Development Of Left Ventricle

Atresia Or Marked Hypoplasia, Of Aortic Orifice Or Valve, With Hypoplasia Of Ascending Aorta And Defective Development Of Left Ventricle With Mitral Valve Atresia

Aortic Valve Atresia, In Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Ascending Aorta Hypoplasia, In Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Ventricular Septal Defect

Ventricular Septal Defects

Interventricular Septal Defect

Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular

Ventricular Septal Abnormality

Interventricular Septum Defect

Ventricular Septum Defect

Vsd - [Ventricular Septum Defect]

Congenital Ventricular Septal Defect

Single Ventricular Septal Defect

Apert Syndrome

Acrocephalosyndactyly Type I

Acs1

Acrocephalosyndactylia

Acrocephalosyndactyly

Acs I

Apert-Crouzon Disease

Acrocephalosyndactyly Type 1

Acrocephalosyndactyly, Type I

Acs 1

Acrocephalo-Syndactyly Type 1

Syndactylic Oxycephaly

Apert'S Syndrome

Type I Acrocephalosyndactyly

APRS

Atrial Heart Septal Defect

Atrial Septal Defect

Atrial Septal Defects

Atrioseptal Defect

Auricular Septal Defect

Congenital Atrial Septal Defect

Interatrial Septal Defect

Interauricular Septal Defect

Heart Septal Defects, Atrial

Septal Defect, Atrial

Atrioventricular Septal Defect

AVSD

Atrioventricular Canal Defect

Avcd

Endocardial Cushion Defect

Ecd

Avc Defect

Atrioventricular Septal Defect, Susceptibility To, 1

Atrioventricular Septal Defect 1

Endocardial Cushion Defects

Septal Defect, Atrioventricular

Atrioventricular Defect With Atrial Shunting Only

Incomplete Atrioventricular Septal Defect With Isolated Atrial Component

Incomplete Atrioventricular Canal Defect With Isolated Atrial Component

Primum Atrial Septal Defect

Partial Atrioventricular Canal Defect With Isolated Atrial Component

Partial Atrioventricular Septal Defect, Ostium Primum Type

Ostium Primum Atrial Septal Defect

Partial Atrioventricular Canal Defect

Partial Atrioventricular Septal Defect

Atrial Septum Primum Defect

Atrioventricular Canal Defect With Isolated Ventricular Component

Atrioventricular Canal Defect With Isolated Ventricular Communication

Atrioventricular Septal Defect With Isolated Ventricular Component

Atrioventricular Septal Defect With Atrial Shunting And Restrictive Ventricular Shunting

Intermediate Atrioventricular Canal Defect With Atrial And Ventricular Components And Separate Atrioventricular Valve

Transitional Atrioventricular Septal Defect With Atrial And Ventricular Components And Separate Atrioventricular Valves

Atrioventricular Canal Defect Associated With A Restrictive Ventricular Septal Defect

Intermediate Atrioventricular Canal Defect

Intermediate Atrioventricular Septal Defect With Atrial And Ventricular Components And Separate Atrioventricular Valvar Orifices

Intermediate Atrioventricular Septal Defect

Transitional Atrioventricular Canal Defect

Transitional Atrioventricular Septal Defect

Complete Atrioventricular Canal With Atrial And Ventricular Components

Complete Atrioventricular Canal Defect

Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect

Ebstein Anomaly

Ebstein'S Anomaly

Ebstein'S Anomaly Of Common Atrioventricular Valve

Ebstein'S Anomaly Of Right Atrioventricular Valve

Ebstein'S Anomaly Of Tricuspid Valve

Ebstein'S Malformation

Ebstein Malformation Of The Tricuspid Valve

Ebstein Anomaly Of The Tricuspid Valve

Ebstein Disease

Accessory Tricuspid Valve Tissue

Congenital Ebstein Deformity Of Tricuspid Valve

Ebstein Syndrome

Ebstein Cardiopathy

Ebstein Anomaly Of Tricuspid Valve

Patent Ductus Arteriosus 1

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

PDA1

Pda

Ductus Arteriosus, Patent

Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Susceptibility To

Patent Ductus Botalli

Patency Of The Ductus Arteriosus

Patent Ductus Arteriosus Familial

Ductus Arteriosus Patent

Patent Ductus Arteriosus - Persisting Type

Physical Disorder

Physical Illness

Cleft Palate, Isolated

Cleft Palate

Isolated Cleft Palate

CPI

Cp

Palatoschisis

Cleft Palate Isolated

Uranostaphyloschisis

Congenital Fissure Of Palate

Cleft Of Secondary Palate

Orofacial Cleft

Cleft, Orofacial

Lipoprotein Quantitative Trait Locus

Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary Artery Anomaly

Coronary Artery Disease, Susceptibility To

Myocardial Ischemia

Congenital Anomaly Of Coronary Artery

Coronary Arteriosclerosis

Coronary Disease

Coronary Heart Disease

Coronary Artery Disorder

LPAQTL

Lpa Deficiency, Congenital

Coronary Artery Abnormality

Coronary Artery Anomaly, Congenital

Chd

Coronary Syndrome

Congenital Malformations Of Coronary Vessels

Malformation Of Coronary Vessels

Congenital Coronary Artery Anomaly

Congenital Coronary Artery Deformity

Congenital Coronary Artery Disorder

Abnormal Coronary Artery

Congenital Coronary Artery Malposition

Congenital Coronary Disease

Congenital Anomaly Of Coronary Arteries

Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome

Cchs

Haddad Syndrome

Ondine Curse

Ondine Syndrome

Congenital Central Hypoventilation

Congenital Central Alveolar Hypoventilation Syndrome

Congenital Failure Of Autonomic Control

Ondine'S Curse

Primary Alveolar Hypoventilation

Ondine-Hirschsprung Disease

Central Congenital Hypoventilation Syndrome

Congenital Ondine Curse

Idiopathic Congenital Central Alveolar Hypoventilation

Congenital Central Alveolar Hypoventilation-Hirschsprung Disease Syndrome

Ondine-Hirschsprung Syndrome

Hirschsprung Disease 1

Hirschsprung Disease

Aganglionic Megacolon

Hscr

Hirschsprung'S Disease

Congenital Megacolon

Congenital Intestinal Aganglionosis

Colonic Aganglionosis

Hirschsprung Disease, Susceptibility To, 1

Hirschsprung Disease, Protection Against

HSCR1

Mgc

Pelvirectal Achalasia

Total Intestinal Aganglionosis

Megacolon, Aganglionic

Macrocolon

Hscr 1

Hirschsprung Disease Type 1

Hirschsprung Disease, Type 1

Congenital Dilatation Of Colon

Aganglionosis

Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon

Aganglionosis Of Colon

Bowel Aganglionosis

Colon Aganglionosis

Hirschsprung Megacolon

Patent Foramen Ovale

Atrial Septal Defect Within Oval Fossa

Foramen Ovale Patent

Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect

Atrial Septal Defect, Ostium Secundum Type

Foramen Ovale, Patent

Defect, Patent Or Persistent, Ostium Secundum

Ostium Secundum Type Atrial Septal Defect

Persistent Ostium Secundum

Asd Ostium Secundum Type

Ostium Secundum Asd

Osasd

Asd, Ostium Secundum Type

Pfo - [Patent Foramen Ovale]

Open Foramen Ovale

Open Oval Foramen

Persistent Foramen Ovale

Secundum Atrial Septal Defect

Diseases Alias
Waldenstroem'S Macroglobulinemia

Waldenstroem'S Macroglobulinemia

Waldenstroem'S Macroglobulinemia

Macroglobulinemia Of Waldenstrom

Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma With Igm Gammopathy

Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma

Waldenstroem'S Macroglobulinemia

Waldenstroem'S Macroglobulinemia

Macroglobulinemia Of Waldenstrom

Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma With Igm Gammopathy

Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma

Orthologs Information

Species Symbol Source ID
Bos taurus HAND2 VGNC VGNC:29747
Rattus norvegicus HAND2 RGD RGD:621207
Canis familiaris HAND2 VGNC VGNC:58305
Macaca mulatta HAND2 VGNC VGNC:100233
Felis catus HAND2 VGNC VGNC:107338
Mus musculus HAND2 MGD MGI:103580