2. Induced Disease Models Products Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel
  3. Nervous System Disease Models Potassium Channel
  4. Tremor Models
  5. Penitrem A

Penitrem A is an indole diterpene neurotoxic alkaloid produced by Penicillium, acts as a selective BK channel antagonist with antiproliferative and anti-invasive activities against multiple malignancies. Penitrem A increases the spontaneous release of endogenous glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and aspartate from cerebrocortical synaptosomes, and induces tremorgenic syndromes in animals.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Penitrem A Chemical Structure

Penitrem A Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 12627-35-9

Size Price Stock Quantity
5 mg In-stock
10 mg   Get quote  
50 mg   Get quote  

* Please select Quantity before adding items.

This product is a controlled substance and not for sale in your territory.

Customer Review

Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Penitrem A:

Penitrem A Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

Penitrem A is an indole diterpene neurotoxic alkaloid produced by Penicillium, acts as a selective BK channel antagonist with antiproliferative and anti-invasive activities against multiple malignancies. Penitrem A increases the spontaneous release of endogenous glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and aspartate from cerebrocortical synaptosomes, and induces tremorgenic syndromes in animals[1][2].

IC50 & Target

BK channel[1]
Cellular Effect
Cell Line Type Value Description References
A549 IC50
8.4 μM
Compound: 9
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
[PMID: 27462726]
HL-60 IC50
7 μM
Compound: 9
Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 27462726]
In Vivo

Penitrem A can be used in animal modeling to create tremor syndrome models.

Induction of sustained tremors and at high doses convulsions and death[1][2].
Background
BIochemlcaI effects of Penltrem A intoxlcatlon have included increase of lipids but decrease in DNA and glycogen in the liver, elevation of serum enzymes and products of anaerobic glycolysis. The serum changes were thought to be related to excess muscular activity tnduced by the toxin[1].
Penltrem A induced tremors might be partly explained by a presynaptic action with inhibition of inhibitory interneurons[2].
Specific Modeling Methods
Mice: ICR adult• male• weighing 38-46 g[1]
Administration: 10 mg/kg• s.c.• a single dose for 72 h or every 3 days for 18 days[1]
Rat: Naive Wistar• male• weighing 170 and 290 g[2]
Administration: 0.1 ml/100 g for i.p. or 3 μg/μL for i.c.v.• i.p. or i.c.v.• a single dose for 1, 3, 7 days[2]
Note
(1) Before the administration, the anlmal holding faciIitles were kept at 21°C, 50% humidlty and a 12 h light-dark cycle. Mice were provided with Agway RMH 3000 pellets and water ad libitum[1][2].
(2) Penltrem A was dissolved in corn oil such that the appropriate dosage was in a volume of 2.5 mL/kg, and admlnlstered subcutaneously[1].
(3) For intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections, Penltrem A was dissolved in polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG 300) using a dose factor of 0.1 mL/100 g body weight. For intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administrations, Penltrem A was dissolved in 75% PEG 300, 25% saline at a concentration of 3 μg/μL[2].
Modeling Indicators
Symptoms change: Penltrem A administration demonstrated whole body tremor, weight loss and hyperexcitability. Penitrem A administration also caused the mice not to groom for 24 h[1][2].
Electrophysiology change: When animal was forced to move, hippocampal θ type I was largest in amplitude (254.4±19.4 instead of 182.4±36.4 mV) with some complex spikes within the first 30 min after Penltrem A injection. Intermittent high voltage spiking activities were sometime recorded after Penltrem A administration during convulsions[2].
Pathology change: Penltrem A administration had no major lesions except in the cerebellar cortex in rats. Two main types of dose-dependent lesions were observed: degeneration of Purkinje cells (PKc) and vacuolization in the molecular layer. PA induced an extensive loss of PKc and the molecular layer showed extensive vacuolization[2].
Correlated Product(s): Diazepam; Phenobarbital; Levodopa (HY-N0304); Reserpine (HY-N0480); Pargyline (HY-A0091A)
Opposite Product(s): /

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Molecular Weight

634.20

Formula

C37H44ClNO6
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to light brown

SMILES

O[C@]12[C@]34[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C(C)=C)O[C@@]4([H])CC[C@@]1([C@]5(C(N6)=C7[C@](OC(C)([C@]8([H])[C@@]([C@]9([H])C8)(O)C%10=C7C6=CC(Cl)=C%10CC9=C)C)([H])[C@]5([H])CC2)C)C)O)O3
Structure Classification
Initial Source

Penicillium
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Purity & Documentation

Purity: ≥99.0%

SDS (251 KB)

COA (255 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
  • No file chosen (Maximum size is: 1024 Kb)
  • If you have published this work, please enter the PubMed ID.
  • Your name will appear on the site.

Penitrem A Related Classifications

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

The molarity calculator equation

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass   Concentration   Volume   Molecular Weight *
= × ×

The dilution calculator equation

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
× = ×
C1   V1   C2   V2
Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Penitrem A12627-35-9Potassium ChannelKcsAInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

Your Recently Viewed Products:

Inquiry Online

Your information is safe with us. * Required Fields.

Product Name

  

Requested Quantity *

Applicant Name *

 

Salutation

Email Address *

 

Phone Number *

Department

 

Organization Name *

City

State

Country or Region *

      

Remarks

Bulk Inquiry

Inquiry Information

Product Name:
Penitrem A
Cat. No.:
HY-N6776
Quantity:
MCE Japan Authorized Agent:

Customer Review

Thank You for Your Feedback!

Request for HNMR Report

Please fill out this form to request the QC report. We will send it to your Email address shortly.

Your information is safe with us. * Required Fields.

Product Name

  

Lot #

Applicant Name *

 

Email Address *

Phone Number

 

Department *

Organization Name *

 

Country or Region *

Remarks

SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)

English - EN (251 KB) Français - FR (251 KB) Deutsch - DE (251 KB) Norwegian - NO (251 KB) Español - ES (251 KB) Swedish - SV (251 KB)

Request for HNMR Report

We have received your request and will respond to you as soon as possible.