MCP-1/CCL2 Protein, Rat (HEK293, C-His)

MCP-1/CCL2 Protein, Rat (HEK293, His) is a small cytokine that belongs to the CC chemokine family.

CCL2 is produced by a variety of cell types, either constitutively or after induction by oxidative stress, cytokines, or growth factors. CCL2 is produced by many cell types, including endothelial, fibroblasts, epithelial, smooth muscle, mesangial, astrocytic, monocytic, and microglial cells. CCL2 regulates the migration and infiltration of monocytes, memory T lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells^[1]. The chemokine CCL2 and its main chemokine receptor CCR2 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several different disease processes, including vascular permeability and attraction of immune cells during metastasis, a number of different neurological disorders, autoimmune disease, obesity, and atherosclerosis^[2].

CCL2 (s.c., 4 or 8 μg/kg, daily, 5 days) has no effect on food intake, water intake, weight, or spontaneous abortion while increases CCL2/CCR2 and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) expression and cell density in progeny lateral hypothalamus in pregnant rats. Also, CCL2 increases ethanol intake and anxiety-like behavior and decreases motor activity in female and male adolescent offspring, and this effect is significantly stronger in females^[4].

The ED₅₀ is <0.3 μg/mL as measured by CHO-K1/Gα15/rCCR2/THP-1 cells (human Gα15 and rat CCR2 stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells).

• 
  Measured by its ability to chemoattract THP-1 human acute monocytic leukemia cells.The ED₅₀for this effect is 5.648 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 1.771×10⁵ U/mg.

Rat

HEK293

C-6*His

P14844 (Q24-N148)

24770  [NCBI]

QPDAVNAPLTCCYSFTGKMIPMSRLENYKRITSSRCPKEAVVFVTKLKREICADPNKEWVQKYIRKLDQNQVRSETTVFYKIASTLRTSAPLNVNLTHKSEANASTLFSTTTSSTSVEVTSMTEN

Approximately 27-43 kDa under reducing SDS-PAGE due to glycosylation.

• 
  Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized powder

Lyophilized after extensive dialysis against PBS.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Qiongyu Hao, et al.  CCL2/CCR2 signaling in cancer pathogenesis. Cell Commun Signal. 2020 May 29;18(1):82.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Deshmane SL, et al. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1): an overview. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2009 Jun;29(6):313-26.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Svetlana M Stamatovic, et al. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2005 May;25(5):593-606.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. O'Connor T, et al. CCL2-CCR2 Signaling in Disease Pathogenesis. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2015;15(2):105-18.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Rachel N Gomes, et al. Bacterial clearance in septic mice is modulated by MCP-1/CCL2 and nitric oxide. Shock. 2013 Jan;39(1):63-9.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Guo-Qing Chang, et al. Hypothalamic CCL2/CCR2 Chemokine System: Role in Sexually Dimorphic Effects of Maternal Ethanol Exposure on Melanin-Concentrating Hormone and Behavior in Adolescent Offspring. J Neurosci. 2018 Oct 17;38(42):9072-9090.  [Content Brief]