coordinating

By Targets:	Apoptosis (2) Bacterial (2) Biochemical Assay Reagents (5) Dopamine β-hydroxylase (1) Endogenous Metabolite (2) Fluorescent Dye (1) Protease Activated Receptor (PAR) (1)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (1) Inflammation/Immunology (2) Metabolic Disease (6) Neurological Disease (1)
Oligonucleotides:	Phospholipids (1)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-N0179

Ecdysone 1 Publications Verification α-Ecdysone	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis	Metabolic Disease
Ecdysone (α-Ecdysone), a major steroid hormone in insects and herbs, triggers mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation and induces cellular apoptosis. Ecdysone plays essential roles in coordinating developmental transitions and homeostatic sleep regulation through its active metabolite 20-hydroxyecdysone (Crustecdysone; 20E; HY-N6979) .

HY-147295

Odetiglucan BTH 1677; Imprime PGG	Others	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Odetiglucan is a novel β-glucan that is a potent immunostimulant and a Dectin-1 (CLEC7A) agonist. Odetiglucan activates innate immune effector cells and triggers a coordinated anti-cancer immune response .

HY-115399A

N-3-Oxo-hexadecanoyl-L-Homoserine lactone 3-Oxo-C16-AHL	Bacterial	Metabolic Disease
N-3-Oxo-hexadecanoyl-L-Homoserine lactone is a signaling molecule to coordinate group behaviors at high densities in many bacteria. N-3-Oxo-hexadecanoyl-L-Homoserine lactone adsorbs to and promotes the remodeling of lipid membranes in ways that could underpin cell-cell or host-cell interactions .

HY-113212

Ursocholic acid 1 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Ursocholic acid, a bile acid present in mammalian bile, is converted to deoxycholic acid (UDC) by the mouse intestinal flora. Ursocholic acid acts as a gallstone dissolving agent in the liver through anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, bile regulation, and coordinated changes in mitochondrial integrity and cell signaling, Ursocholic acid also has favorable effects on bones in patients with chronic cholestasis .

HY-124418

SBI-477 1 Publications Verification	Fluorescent Dye	Metabolic Disease
SBI-477 is a chemical probe stimulated insulin signaling by deactivating the transcription factor MondoA, leading to reduced expression of the insulin pathway suppressors thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and arrestin domain–containing 4 (ARRDC4). SBI-477 coordinately inhibits triacylglyceride (TAG) synthesis and enhances basal glucose uptake in human skeletal myocytes .

HY-W115718

Cuprizone 1 Publications Verification	Dopamine β-hydroxylase	Neurological Disease
Cuprizone is a copper chelating agent that forms a deep blue copper ketone complex with copper (II). The copper ketone reaction can be used in colorimetric tests for the presence of trace copper. Cuprizone can be used to induce some schizophrenia-like behavior in mice. Cuprizone acts on copper enzymes, including SOD1, cytochrome oxidase, and DβH, thereby causing oxidative stress and increasing DA levels in certain brain regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) .

HY-W003836

7-Methyl-1-naphthyl acetic acid 7-Methoxy-NAA	Others	Others
7-Methyl-1-naphthyl acetic acid is a potent inhibitor of auxin action in plants. 7-Methyl-1-naphthyl acetic acid inhibits AUX1, PIN, and ABCB protein-mediated auxin transport expressed in yeast. 7-Methyl-1-naphthyl acetic acid can be used in auxin dependent development .

HY-161998

Urease-IN-16	Bacterial	Others
Urease-IN-16 is a urease inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ value of 132 µmol/L. Urease-IN-16 can coordinate with the nickel atom through the oxygen atoms of carbonyl or boronic acid groups. Urease-IN-16 shows great potential as an additive in the development of efficient fertilizers and medical applications .

HY-116762

N-butyryl-L-Homocysteine thiolactone	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria to control gene expression in response to increased cell density. The control of bacterial infection by quenching the quorum sensing system of bacteria is a promising research area. The expression of specific target genes, such as transcriptional regulators belonging to the LuxIR protein family, is coordinated by the synthesis of diffusible acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) molecules. N-butyryl-L-Homocysteine thio-lactone is an analog of N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone, a small, diffusible signaling molecule involved in quorum sensing, thereby controlling gene expression and cellular metabolism . N-butyryl-L-homocysteine thiolactone induces violacein expression in Viola viola mutants that normally fail to produce AHL.

HY-157699

1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol-5'-phosphate) ammonium	Biochemical Assay Reagents
1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol-5'-phosphate) ammonium is a membrane-bound signaling molecule with intracellular activity in regulating membrane trafficking and signal transduction. 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol-5'-phosphate) ammonium can be used in the preparation of liposomes to enhance the efficiency of compound delivery. 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol-5'-phosphate) ammonium can also act as a coordinator of the actin cytoskeleton and participate in the regulation of cell morphology and motility.

HY-P5372

Ala-parafluoroPhe-Arg-Cha-Cit-Tyr-NH2	Protease Activated Receptor (PAR)	Others
Ala-parafluoroPhe-Arg-Cha-Cit-Tyr-NH2 is a biological active peptide. (Protease activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) belongs to a subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors and is known to mediate the cellular effects of thrombin. This peptide is a PAR-1 selective agonist displaying a high level of specificity to PAR-1 over PAR-2. The specificity of peptide was evaluated in cell-based calcium signaling assay using HEK293 cells. PAR-1 selective agonists can be used to study PAR-1 activation in vivo. In addition to its varied cellular effects of thrombin, PAR-1 has also been shown to coordinate with PAR-4 and regulate thrombin-induced hepatocellular carcinoma harboring thrombin formation within the tumor environment classified as 'coagulation type'.)

HY-117219

SKF 104976	Others	Metabolic Disease
SKF 104976 is a 3,2-carboxylic acid derivative with potent 14-alpha-demethylase (14 alpha DM) inhibitory activity. SKF 104976 inhibited 14 alpha DM activity by 50% at 2 nM in Hep G2 cell extracts. SKF 104976 inhibited the incorporation of [14C]acetate into cholesterol in intact cells at similar concentrations, accompanied by accumulation of lanosterol, and resulted in a 40-70% decrease in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) activity. SKF 104976 did not affect the uptake and degradation of low-density lipoprotein in Hep G2 cells, indicating that HMGR and low-density lipoprotein receptor activities are not coordinately regulated under these conditions. The inhibitory effect of SKF 104976 on HMGR activity remained unchanged even when the flux of carbon units in the sterol synthesis pathway was reduced by 80%. SKF 104976 did not inhibit HMGR activity under conditions where sterol synthesis was almost completely blocked by lovastatin .

HY-114773

N-Undecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria to control gene expression in response to increased cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself in a variety of phenotypes, including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved through the production, release and detection of small diffusible signaling molecules called autoinducers. N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise a class of such autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled to a homoserine lactone (HSL). Modulation of bacterial quorum-sensing signaling systems to suppress pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial research for infectious diseases. AHLs differ in acyl length (C4-C18), C3 substitution (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signaling specificity through the affinity of the LuxR family of transcriptional regulators. C11-HSL has a rare odd-numbered acyl carbon chain and may be a minor quorum-sensing signaling molecule in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.

HY-W127393

N-Nonanoyl-L-homoserine lactone	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria to control gene expression in response to increased cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself in a variety of phenotypes, including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved through the production, release and detection of small diffusible signaling molecules called autoinducers. N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise a class of such autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled to a homoserine lactone (HSL). Modulation of bacterial quorum-sensing signaling systems to suppress pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial research for infectious diseases. AHLs differ in acyl length (C4-C18), C3 substitution (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signaling specificity through the affinity of the LuxR family of transcriptional regulators. C9-HSL is a rare odd-numbered acyl carbon chain produced by wild-type Erwinia carotovora strain SCC 3193 grown in nutrient-rich Luria-Bertani broth (LB) medium.

HY-W127487

N-Octadecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria to control gene expression in response to increased cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself in a variety of phenotypes, including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved through the production, release and detection of small diffusible signaling molecules called autoinducers. N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise a class of such autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled to a homoserine lactone (HSL). Modulation of bacterial quorum-sensing signaling systems to suppress pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial research for infectious diseases. AHLs differ in acyl length (C4-C18), C3 substitution (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signaling specificity through the affinity of the LuxR family of transcriptional regulators. C18-HSL, one of four lipophilic long acyl side chain AHLs produced by the LuxI AHL synthase homolog SinI, is involved in quorum-sensing signaling in strains of Rhizobium meliloti (a nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of the legume M. sativa) . C18-HSL and other hydrophobic AHLs tend to localize in the relatively lipophilic environment of bacterial cells and cannot diffuse freely across the cell membrane. Long-chain N-acyl homoserine lactones can be exported from cells by efflux pumps, or can be transported between communicating cells by extracellular outer membrane vesicles.

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L059

Pyroptosis Compound Library	1,430 compounds
Programmed cell death pathways, including apoptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis, are regulated by unique sets of host proteins that coordinate a variety of biological outcomes. Pyroptosis is a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death that occurs most frequently upon infection with intracellular pathogens and is likely to form part of the antimicrobial response. This process promotes the rapid clearance of various bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoan infections by removing intracellular replication niches and enhancing the host's defensive responses. Pyroptosis has been widely studied in inflammatory and infection disease models. Recently, there are growing evidences that pyroptosis also plays an important role in the development of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and Metabolic disorder, etc. MCE designs a unique collection of 1,430 pyroptosis-related compounds mainly focusing on the key targets in the pyroptosis signaling pathway and can be used in the research of pyroptosis signal pathway and related diseases.

Pyroptosis Compound Library

1,430 compounds

Programmed cell death pathways, including apoptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis, are regulated by unique sets of host proteins that coordinate a variety of biological outcomes. Pyroptosis is a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death that occurs most frequently upon infection with intracellular pathogens and is likely to form part of the antimicrobial response. This process promotes the rapid clearance of various bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoan infections by removing intracellular replication niches and enhancing the host's defensive responses. Pyroptosis has been widely studied in inflammatory and infection disease models. Recently, there are growing evidences that pyroptosis also plays an important role in the development of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and Metabolic disorder, etc.

MCE designs a unique collection of 1,430 pyroptosis-related compounds mainly focusing on the key targets in the pyroptosis signaling pathway and can be used in the research of pyroptosis signal pathway and related diseases.

HY-L201

Cell Proliferation Compound Library	2,288 compounds
Cell proliferation, the increase in cell numbers resulting from cell division, is a complex and tightly regulated process. Cell proliferation is regulated by coordinated entry into the cell cycle, and changes in proliferation are closely linked to disease development. Evolutionary dynamics links tumor growth and progression with cell proliferation, cell death, and mutation rates. In addition, cell proliferation is central to degenerative diseases, the development of which is often accompanied by accelerated multiplication of cancer cells. Therefore, assays of cell proliferation levels are frequently used for laboratory research purposes and increasingly for clinical assessment of tumor aggressiveness and potentially to guide care. It has been shown that multiple key targets are collectively involved in regulating the process of cell proliferation, such as CDK, E2F, pRB, β-Catenin, and others. MCE collects 2,288 compounds that target and regulate key targets of cell proliferation, which can be used in studies of cell proliferation mechanisms and drug discovery.

Cell Proliferation Compound Library

2,288 compounds

Cell proliferation, the increase in cell numbers resulting from cell division, is a complex and tightly regulated process. Cell proliferation is regulated by coordinated entry into the cell cycle, and changes in proliferation are closely linked to disease development. Evolutionary dynamics links tumor growth and progression with cell proliferation, cell death, and mutation rates. In addition, cell proliferation is central to degenerative diseases, the development of which is often accompanied by accelerated multiplication of cancer cells. Therefore, assays of cell proliferation levels are frequently used for laboratory research purposes and increasingly for clinical assessment of tumor aggressiveness and potentially to guide care. It has been shown that multiple key targets are collectively involved in regulating the process of cell proliferation, such as CDK, E2F, pRB, β-Catenin, and others.

MCE collects 2,288 compounds that target and regulate key targets of cell proliferation, which can be used in studies of cell proliferation mechanisms and drug discovery.

HY-L004

Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Compound Library	2,313 compounds
DNA is prone to numerous forms of damage that can injure cells and impair fitness. Cells have developed an array of mechanisms to repair these injuries. Proliferating cells are especially vulnerable to DNA damage due to the added demands of cellular growth and division. Cell cycle checkpoints represent integral components of DNA repair that coordinate cooperation between the machinery of the cell cycle and several biochemical pathways that respond to damage and restore DNA structure. By delaying progression through the cell cycle, checkpoints provide more time for repair before the critical phases of DNA replication, when the genome is replicated, and of mitosis, when the genome is segregated. Loss or attenuation of checkpoint function may increase spontaneous and induced gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations by reducing the efficiency of DNA repair. MCE owns a unique collection of 2,313 cell cycle/DNA damage-related compounds which can be used in the research of the same.

Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Compound Library

2,313 compounds

DNA is prone to numerous forms of damage that can injure cells and impair fitness. Cells have developed an array of mechanisms to repair these injuries. Proliferating cells are especially vulnerable to DNA damage due to the added demands of cellular growth and division. Cell cycle checkpoints represent integral components of DNA repair that coordinate cooperation between the machinery of the cell cycle and several biochemical pathways that respond to damage and restore DNA structure. By delaying progression through the cell cycle, checkpoints provide more time for repair before the critical phases of DNA replication, when the genome is replicated, and of mitosis, when the genome is segregated. Loss or attenuation of checkpoint function may increase spontaneous and induced gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations by reducing the efficiency of DNA repair.

MCE owns a unique collection of 2,313 cell cycle/DNA damage-related compounds which can be used in the research of the same.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-116762

N-butyryl-L-Homocysteine thiolactone	Microbial Culture
Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria to control gene expression in response to increased cell density. The control of bacterial infection by quenching the quorum sensing system of bacteria is a promising research area. The expression of specific target genes, such as transcriptional regulators belonging to the LuxIR protein family, is coordinated by the synthesis of diffusible acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) molecules. N-butyryl-L-Homocysteine thio-lactone is an analog of N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone, a small, diffusible signaling molecule involved in quorum sensing, thereby controlling gene expression and cellular metabolism . N-butyryl-L-homocysteine thiolactone induces violacein expression in Viola viola mutants that normally fail to produce AHL.

N-butyryl-L-Homocysteine thiolactone

Microbial Culture

Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria to control gene expression in response to increased cell density. The control of bacterial infection by quenching the quorum sensing system of bacteria is a promising research area. The expression of specific target genes, such as transcriptional regulators belonging to the LuxIR protein family, is coordinated by the synthesis of diffusible acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) molecules. N-butyryl-L-Homocysteine thio-lactone is an analog of N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone, a small, diffusible signaling molecule involved in quorum sensing, thereby controlling gene expression and cellular metabolism . N-butyryl-L-homocysteine thiolactone induces violacein expression in Viola viola mutants that normally fail to produce AHL.

HY-157699

1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol-5'-phosphate) ammonium	Drug Delivery
1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol-5'-phosphate) ammonium is a membrane-bound signaling molecule with intracellular activity in regulating membrane trafficking and signal transduction. 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol-5'-phosphate) ammonium can be used in the preparation of liposomes to enhance the efficiency of compound delivery. 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol-5'-phosphate) ammonium can also act as a coordinator of the actin cytoskeleton and participate in the regulation of cell morphology and motility.

1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol-5'-phosphate) ammonium

Drug Delivery

1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol-5'-phosphate) ammonium is a membrane-bound signaling molecule with intracellular activity in regulating membrane trafficking and signal transduction. 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol-5'-phosphate) ammonium can be used in the preparation of liposomes to enhance the efficiency of compound delivery. 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol-5'-phosphate) ammonium can also act as a coordinator of the actin cytoskeleton and participate in the regulation of cell morphology and motility.

HY-114773

N-Undecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone	Microbial Culture
Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria to control gene expression in response to increased cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself in a variety of phenotypes, including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved through the production, release and detection of small diffusible signaling molecules called autoinducers. N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise a class of such autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled to a homoserine lactone (HSL). Modulation of bacterial quorum-sensing signaling systems to suppress pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial research for infectious diseases. AHLs differ in acyl length (C4-C18), C3 substitution (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signaling specificity through the affinity of the LuxR family of transcriptional regulators. C11-HSL has a rare odd-numbered acyl carbon chain and may be a minor quorum-sensing signaling molecule in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.

N-Undecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone

Microbial Culture

Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria to control gene expression in response to increased cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself in a variety of phenotypes, including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved through the production, release and detection of small diffusible signaling molecules called autoinducers. N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise a class of such autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled to a homoserine lactone (HSL). Modulation of bacterial quorum-sensing signaling systems to suppress pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial research for infectious diseases. AHLs differ in acyl length (C4-C18), C3 substitution (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signaling specificity through the affinity of the LuxR family of transcriptional regulators. C11-HSL has a rare odd-numbered acyl carbon chain and may be a minor quorum-sensing signaling molecule in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.

HY-W127393

N-Nonanoyl-L-homoserine lactone	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria to control gene expression in response to increased cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself in a variety of phenotypes, including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved through the production, release and detection of small diffusible signaling molecules called autoinducers. N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise a class of such autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled to a homoserine lactone (HSL). Modulation of bacterial quorum-sensing signaling systems to suppress pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial research for infectious diseases. AHLs differ in acyl length (C4-C18), C3 substitution (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signaling specificity through the affinity of the LuxR family of transcriptional regulators. C9-HSL is a rare odd-numbered acyl carbon chain produced by wild-type Erwinia carotovora strain SCC 3193 grown in nutrient-rich Luria-Bertani broth (LB) medium.

N-Nonanoyl-L-homoserine lactone

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria to control gene expression in response to increased cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself in a variety of phenotypes, including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved through the production, release and detection of small diffusible signaling molecules called autoinducers. N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise a class of such autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled to a homoserine lactone (HSL). Modulation of bacterial quorum-sensing signaling systems to suppress pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial research for infectious diseases. AHLs differ in acyl length (C4-C18), C3 substitution (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signaling specificity through the affinity of the LuxR family of transcriptional regulators. C9-HSL is a rare odd-numbered acyl carbon chain produced by wild-type Erwinia carotovora strain SCC 3193 grown in nutrient-rich Luria-Bertani broth (LB) medium.

HY-W127487

N-Octadecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone	Drug Delivery
Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria to control gene expression in response to increased cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself in a variety of phenotypes, including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved through the production, release and detection of small diffusible signaling molecules called autoinducers. N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise a class of such autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled to a homoserine lactone (HSL). Modulation of bacterial quorum-sensing signaling systems to suppress pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial research for infectious diseases. AHLs differ in acyl length (C4-C18), C3 substitution (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signaling specificity through the affinity of the LuxR family of transcriptional regulators. C18-HSL, one of four lipophilic long acyl side chain AHLs produced by the LuxI AHL synthase homolog SinI, is involved in quorum-sensing signaling in strains of Rhizobium meliloti (a nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of the legume M. sativa) . C18-HSL and other hydrophobic AHLs tend to localize in the relatively lipophilic environment of bacterial cells and cannot diffuse freely across the cell membrane. Long-chain N-acyl homoserine lactones can be exported from cells by efflux pumps, or can be transported between communicating cells by extracellular outer membrane vesicles.

N-Octadecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone

Drug Delivery

Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria to control gene expression in response to increased cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself in a variety of phenotypes, including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved through the production, release and detection of small diffusible signaling molecules called autoinducers. N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise a class of such autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled to a homoserine lactone (HSL). Modulation of bacterial quorum-sensing signaling systems to suppress pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial research for infectious diseases. AHLs differ in acyl length (C4-C18), C3 substitution (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signaling specificity through the affinity of the LuxR family of transcriptional regulators. C18-HSL, one of four lipophilic long acyl side chain AHLs produced by the LuxI AHL synthase homolog SinI, is involved in quorum-sensing signaling in strains of Rhizobium meliloti (a nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of the legume M. sativa) . C18-HSL and other hydrophobic AHLs tend to localize in the relatively lipophilic environment of bacterial cells and cannot diffuse freely across the cell membrane. Long-chain N-acyl homoserine lactones can be exported from cells by efflux pumps, or can be transported between communicating cells by extracellular outer membrane vesicles.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P2540

Leptin (93-105), human	Peptides	Metabolic Disease
Leptin (93-105), human, is the amino acids 93 to 105 fragment of human leptin. Leptin is a 167-residue peptide hormone mainly produced by adipocytes and acts in the central nervous system to primarily coordinate the metabolic adaptations to fasting .

HY-P5372

Ala-parafluoroPhe-Arg-Cha-Cit-Tyr-NH2	Protease Activated Receptor (PAR)	Others
Ala-parafluoroPhe-Arg-Cha-Cit-Tyr-NH2 is a biological active peptide. (Protease activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) belongs to a subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors and is known to mediate the cellular effects of thrombin. This peptide is a PAR-1 selective agonist displaying a high level of specificity to PAR-1 over PAR-2. The specificity of peptide was evaluated in cell-based calcium signaling assay using HEK293 cells. PAR-1 selective agonists can be used to study PAR-1 activation in vivo. In addition to its varied cellular effects of thrombin, PAR-1 has also been shown to coordinate with PAR-4 and regulate thrombin-induced hepatocellular carcinoma harboring thrombin formation within the tumor environment classified as 'coagulation type'.)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-N0179

Ecdysone 1 Publications Verification α-Ecdysone	Structural Classification Animals Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis
Ecdysone (α-Ecdysone), a major steroid hormone in insects and herbs, triggers mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation and induces cellular apoptosis. Ecdysone plays essential roles in coordinating developmental transitions and homeostatic sleep regulation through its active metabolite 20-hydroxyecdysone (Crustecdysone; 20E; HY-N6979) .

HY-113212

Ursocholic acid 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis
Ursocholic acid, a bile acid present in mammalian bile, is converted to deoxycholic acid (UDC) by the mouse intestinal flora. Ursocholic acid acts as a gallstone dissolving agent in the liver through anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, bile regulation, and coordinated changes in mitochondrial integrity and cell signaling, Ursocholic acid also has favorable effects on bones in patients with chronic cholestasis .

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-157699

1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol-5'-phosphate) ammonium		Phospholipids
1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol-5'-phosphate) ammonium is a membrane-bound signaling molecule with intracellular activity in regulating membrane trafficking and signal transduction. 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol-5'-phosphate) ammonium can be used in the preparation of liposomes to enhance the efficiency of compound delivery. 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol-5'-phosphate) ammonium can also act as a coordinator of the actin cytoskeleton and participate in the regulation of cell morphology and motility.

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