mitochondria dysfunction

By Targets:	Adrenergic Receptor (2) Apoptosis (7) AUTACs (1) Autophagy (1) Biochemical Assay Reagents (5) Endogenous Metabolite (3) Ferroptosis (1) Fluorescent Dye (2) Mitophagy (1) MMP (1) Paraptosis (1) Potassium Channel (2) Reactive Oxygen Species (1) Sodium Channel (2)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (9) Cardiovascular Disease (2) Inflammation/Immunology (3) Metabolic Disease (1) Neurological Disease (3)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-134238

Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium	Endogenous Metabolite Biochemical Assay Reagents	Neurological Disease
Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium is a mitochondria-exclusive phospholipid that can be extracted from Bovine hear. Aberrant Cardiolipin content, structure, and localization are linked to impaired neurogenesis and neuronal dysfunction, contributing to neurodegenerative diseases. Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium can be coated on microtitre plates for ELISA assay .

HY-P10409

SHLP2 Small humanin-like peptide 2	Apoptosis	Others
SHLP2 (Small humanin-like peptide 2) is a small molecule peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA, belonging to mitochondria derived peptide. SHLP2 has the activity of regulating apoptosis and inhibits cell death. SHLP2 can be used in the study of diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction and anti-aging diseases .

HY-P10707A

Tpp-CAQK TFA	Endogenous Metabolite	Inflammation/Immunology
Tpp-CAQK TAF can bind to mitochondria, enabling the construction of an engineered mitochondrial compound, Mito-Tpp-CAQK TFA, with excellent bioactivity. Mito-Tpp-CAQK TFA can be internalized by macrophages, thereby enhancing the phagocytosis of myelin debris, alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and reducing proinflammatory profiles, ultimately facilitating tissue repair and functional recovery in mice after spinal cord injury .

HY-147225

TSPO Ligand-Linker Conjugates 1	AUTACs Mitophagy	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
TSPO Ligand-Linker Conjugates 1 contains a ligand for translocator protein (TSPO) and a linker, which is used for the synthesis of mitochondria-targeting autophagy-targeting chimera (AUTAC). AUTAC can bind the TSPO on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) of mitochondria and degrades impaired mitochondria and proteins via mitophagy, and improves mitochondrial activity. TSPO Ligand-Linker Conjugates 1 can be used in mitochondrial dysfunction related research, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes .

HY-N2858

Alpinumisoflavone acetate	Apoptosis	Cancer
Alpinumisoflavone acetate is a anticancer agent. Alpinumisoflavone acetate shows antiproliferative activity. Alpinumisoflavone acetate decreases the expression of phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Alpinumisoflavone acetate induces mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondria-mediated Apoptosis. Alpinumisoflavone acetate has the potential for the research of HCC .

HY-162344

Ir-CA	Apoptosis Autophagy	Cancer
Ir-CA is an antitumor agent. Ir-CA can accumulate in mitochondria and induces mitochondria dysfunction. Ir-CA induces apoptosis and autophagy. Ir-CA initiates mitophagy and cell cycle arrest to kill Cisplatin (HY-17394)-resistant A549R cells. Ir-CA can effectively inhibit metastasis by inhibiting MMP-2/MMP-9 .

HY-P3003

Cereulide	Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Cereulide, a toxin depsipeptide, can be produced by Bacillus cereus. Cereulide induces cell apoptosis. Cereulide acts on mitochondria, leading to dysfunction in different organs (liver, pancreatic islet, brain, intestines, etc.) and body systems (immune system and nervous system) .

HY-158189

TPP-Ce6	Biochemical Assay Reagents Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species	Others Cancer
Tpp-ce6 is a mitochondria-targeting photosensitizer formed by binding chlorophyll e6 (Ce6) to triphenylphosphine (TPP) via an ester bond. TPP-Ce6 can produce ROS under light irradiation, especially singlet oxygen, which can induce oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. TPP-Ce6 can be used in the study of mitochondria in apoptosis and energy metabolism as well as cancer therapy .

HY-137782

Palmitoleoyl-CoA	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Palmitoleoyl-CoA can be activated and transported into the mitochondria for metabolism, specifically for β-oxidation. Palmitoleoyl-CoA induces the cardiac mitochondrial membrane permeability transition, which causes mitochondrial dysfunction. Palmitoleoyl-CoA regulates metabolism via allosteric control of AMPK β1-isoforms .

HY-P10707

Tpp-CAQK	Endogenous Metabolite	Inflammation/Immunology
Tpp-CAQK can bind to mitochondria, enabling the construction of an engineered mitochondrial compound, Mito-Tpp-CAQK, with excellent bioactivity. Mito-Tpp-CAQK can be internalized by macrophages, thereby enhancing the phagocytosis of myelin debris, alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and reducing proinflammatory profiles, ultimately facilitating tissue repair and functional recovery in mice after spinal cord injury .

HY-168260

CQ-Mito	Apoptosis Ferroptosis MMP	Cancer
CQ-Mito is a Coumarin-Quinazolinone (CQ)-based derivative that targets mitochondria and exhibits profound phototherapeutic performances with an Phototoxic Index (PI) value of 167. CQ-Mito causes cell death by both apoptosis and ferroptosis. CQ-Mito mediates mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial morphology changed and the loss of MMP. CQ-Mito can efficiently inhibit the tumor growth in organoid tumor models .

HY-137782A

Palmitoleoyl-CoA triammonium	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Palmitoleoyl-CoA triammonium is the triammonium salt form of Palmitoleoyl-CoA (HY-137782). Palmitoleoyl-CoA triammonium can be activated and transported into the mitochondria for metabolism, specifically for β-oxidation. Palmitoleoyl-CoA triammonium induces the cardiac mitochondrial membrane permeability transition, which causes mitochondrial dysfunction. Palmitoleoyl-CoA triammonium regulates metabolism via allosteric control of AMPK β1-isoforms .

HY-137782B

Palmitoleoyl-CoA lithium	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Palmitoleoyl-CoA lithium is the lithium salt form of Palmitoleoyl-CoA (HY-137782). Palmitoleoyl-CoA lithium can be activated and transported into the mitochondria for metabolism, specifically for β-oxidation. Palmitoleoyl-CoA lithium induces the cardiac mitochondrial membrane permeability transition, which causes mitochondrial dysfunction. Palmitoleoyl-CoA lithium regulates metabolism via allosteric control of AMPK β1-isoforms .

HY-125623

MitoPerOx	Fluorescent Dye	Others
MitoPerOx is a mitochondrial-targeted, lipid peroxidation-indicating fluorescent probe with BODIPY581/591 fluorophores. The triphenylphosphine cation (TPP+) of MitoPerOx can be selectively enriched in mitochondria (depending on membrane potential) and can be used to detect lipid peroxidation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Under the action of lipid peroxides, the BODIPY581/591 fluorophores of MitoPerOx shift their emission wavelength from 590 nm (reduced state) to 520 nm (oxidized state), and ratiometric detection can be performed at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm. MitoPerOx can specifically monitor the peroxidation of mitochondrial phospholipids (especially cardiolipin) and is used in the study of oxidative stress-related diseases (such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction)[1][2].

HY-B0432

Propafenone 1 Publications Verification SA-79	Sodium Channel Adrenergic Receptor Potassium Channel	Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
Propafenone (SA-79), a sodium-channel blocker, acts an antiarrhythmic agent. Propafenone also has high affinity for the β receptor (IC₅₀=32 nM) . Propafenone blocks the transient outward current (Ito) and the sustained delayed rectifier K current (Isus) with IC₅₀ values of 4.9 μm and 8.6 μm, respectively . Propafenone suppresses esophageal cancer proliferation through inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and induce apoptosis .

HY-B0432R

Propafenone (Standard)	Sodium Channel Adrenergic Receptor Potassium Channel	Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
Propafenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Propafenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Propafenone (SA-79), a sodium-channel blocker, acts an antiarrhythmic agent. Propafenone also has high affinity for the β receptor (IC₅₀=32 nM) . Propafenone blocks the transient outward current (Ito) and the sustained delayed rectifier K current (Isus) with IC₅₀ values of 4.9 μm and 8.6 μm, respectively . Propafenone suppresses esophageal cancer proliferation through inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and induce apoptosis .

HY-158726

Complex 3	Fluorescent Dye Apoptosis	Cancer
Complex 3 is a fluorescent dithiocarbazate-copper complex with anticancer activity, which localizes to mitochondria. Complex 3 displays excitation/emission maxima of 455-495/535 nm, respectively. Complex 3 inhibits the growth of BxPC-3, AsPC-1, PANC-1, and WI38 pancreatic cancer cells with IC₅₀ values of 0.74, 0.41, 0.62, and 2.06 µM, respectively. Complex 3 induces lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial rupture and shrinkage in AsPC-1 cells. Complex 3 also induces mitochondrial apoptosis and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction dysfunction in AsPC-1 cells. Complex 3 reduces tumor volume in an AsPC-1 mouse xenograft model .

HY-155719

fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3]	Paraptosis	Cancer
fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3] (compound 3), the rhenium(I) tricarbonyl aqua complex, is an anticancer agent associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3] is cytotoxic to prostate cancer cells with IC₅₀=0.32 μM (PC-3 cells). fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3] mainly accumulates in mitochondria, down-regulates ATP production in PC3 cells, and promotes paraptosis. However, fac-[Re(CO)3(L3)(H2O)][NO3] did not induce necrosis, apoptosis and autophagy .

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L155

Mitochondrial Toxicity Compound Library	505 compounds
Mitochondria, as the main place of energy supply in life, is essential to maintain normal life activities. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with common diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancer. The heart, brain and liver rely heavily on mitochondrial function as the main organs for drug metabolism. In addition, mitochondria is also a target of many drugs, some of which induce organotoxicity by inducing mitochondrial toxicity. MCE contains 505 mitochondrial toxic compounds, which can be used as tool compounds for drug development and disease mechanism research.

Mitochondrial Toxicity Compound Library

505 compounds

Mitochondria, as the main place of energy supply in life, is essential to maintain normal life activities. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with common diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancer. The heart, brain and liver rely heavily on mitochondrial function as the main organs for drug metabolism. In addition, mitochondria is also a target of many drugs, some of which induce organotoxicity by inducing mitochondrial toxicity.

MCE contains 505 mitochondrial toxic compounds, which can be used as tool compounds for drug development and disease mechanism research.

HY-L144

Mitochondrial Protection Compound Library	821 compounds
Normal mitochondrial function is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis because mitochondria produce ATP and are the major intracellular source of free radicals. Cellular dysfunctions induced by intracellular or extracellular insults converge on mitochondria and induce a sudden increase in permeability on the inner mitochondrial membrane, the so-called mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MMPT). MMPT is caused by the opening of pores in the inner mitochondrial membrane, matrix swelling, and outer membrane rupture. The MMPT is an endpoint to initiate cell death because the pore opening together with the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c activates the apoptotic pathway of caspases. The normal operation of mitochondrial function is important for maintaining normal cell death and treatment of mitochondrial diseases. MCE offers a unique collection of 821 compounds with identified and potential mitochondrial protective activity. MCE Mitochondrial Protection Compound Library is critical for drug discovery and development.

Mitochondrial Protection Compound Library

821 compounds

Normal mitochondrial function is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis because mitochondria produce ATP and are the major intracellular source of free radicals. Cellular dysfunctions induced by intracellular or extracellular insults converge on mitochondria and induce a sudden increase in permeability on the inner mitochondrial membrane, the so-called mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MMPT). MMPT is caused by the opening of pores in the inner mitochondrial membrane, matrix swelling, and outer membrane rupture. The MMPT is an endpoint to initiate cell death because the pore opening together with the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c activates the apoptotic pathway of caspases.

The normal operation of mitochondrial function is important for maintaining normal cell death and treatment of mitochondrial diseases. MCE offers a unique collection of 821 compounds with identified and potential mitochondrial protective activity. MCE Mitochondrial Protection Compound Library is critical for drug discovery and development.

HY-L064

Glutamine Metabolism Compound Library	1,197 compounds
Glutamine is an important metabolic fuel that helps rapidly proliferating cells meet the increased demand for ATP, biosynthetic precursors, and reducing agents. Glutamine Metabolism pathway involves the initial deamination of glutamine by glutaminase(GLS), yielding glutamate and ammonia. Glutamate is converted to the TCA cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) by either glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) or by the alanine or aspartate transaminases (TAs), to produce both ATP and anabolic carbons for the synthesis of amino acids, nucleotides and lipids. During periods of hypoxia or mitochondrial dysfunction, α-KG can be converted to citrate in a reductive carboxylation reaction catalyzed by IDH2. The newly formed citrate exits the mitochondria where it is used to synthesize fatty acids and amino acids and produce the reducing agent, NADPH. Cancer cells display an altered metabolic circuitry that is directly regulated by oncogenic mutations and loss of tumor suppressors. Mounting evidence indicates that altered glutamine metabolism in cancer cells has critical roles in supporting macromolecule biosynthesis, regulating signaling pathways, and maintaining redox homeostasis, all of which contribute to cancer cell proliferation and survival. Thus, intervention in glutamine metabolic processes could provide novel approaches to improve cancer treatment. MCE owns a unique collection of 1,197 compounds targeting the mainly proteins and enzymes involved in glutamine metabolism pathway. Glutamine Metabolism compound library is a useful tool for intervention in glutamine metabolic processes.

Glutamine Metabolism Compound Library

1,197 compounds

Glutamine is an important metabolic fuel that helps rapidly proliferating cells meet the increased demand for ATP, biosynthetic precursors, and reducing agents. Glutamine Metabolism pathway involves the initial deamination of glutamine by glutaminase(GLS), yielding glutamate and ammonia. Glutamate is converted to the TCA cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) by either glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) or by the alanine or aspartate transaminases (TAs), to produce both ATP and anabolic carbons for the synthesis of amino acids, nucleotides and lipids. During periods of hypoxia or mitochondrial dysfunction, α-KG can be converted to citrate in a reductive carboxylation reaction catalyzed by IDH2. The newly formed citrate exits the mitochondria where it is used to synthesize fatty acids and amino acids and produce the reducing agent, NADPH.

Cancer cells display an altered metabolic circuitry that is directly regulated by oncogenic mutations and loss of tumor suppressors. Mounting evidence indicates that altered glutamine metabolism in cancer cells has critical roles in supporting macromolecule biosynthesis, regulating signaling pathways, and maintaining redox homeostasis, all of which contribute to cancer cell proliferation and survival. Thus, intervention in glutamine metabolic processes could provide novel approaches to improve cancer treatment.

MCE owns a unique collection of 1,197 compounds targeting the mainly proteins and enzymes involved in glutamine metabolism pathway. Glutamine Metabolism compound library is a useful tool for intervention in glutamine metabolic processes.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-125623

MitoPerOx	Fluorescent Dyes/Probes
MitoPerOx is a mitochondrial-targeted, lipid peroxidation-indicating fluorescent probe with BODIPY581/591 fluorophores. The triphenylphosphine cation (TPP+) of MitoPerOx can be selectively enriched in mitochondria (depending on membrane potential) and can be used to detect lipid peroxidation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Under the action of lipid peroxides, the BODIPY581/591 fluorophores of MitoPerOx shift their emission wavelength from 590 nm (reduced state) to 520 nm (oxidized state), and ratiometric detection can be performed at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm. MitoPerOx can specifically monitor the peroxidation of mitochondrial phospholipids (especially cardiolipin) and is used in the study of oxidative stress-related diseases (such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction)[1][2].

MitoPerOx

Fluorescent Dyes/Probes

MitoPerOx is a mitochondrial-targeted, lipid peroxidation-indicating fluorescent probe with BODIPY581/591 fluorophores. The triphenylphosphine cation (TPP+) of MitoPerOx can be selectively enriched in mitochondria (depending on membrane potential) and can be used to detect lipid peroxidation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Under the action of lipid peroxides, the BODIPY581/591 fluorophores of MitoPerOx shift their emission wavelength from 590 nm (reduced state) to 520 nm (oxidized state), and ratiometric detection can be performed at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm. MitoPerOx can specifically monitor the peroxidation of mitochondrial phospholipids (especially cardiolipin) and is used in the study of oxidative stress-related diseases (such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction)[1][2].

HY-158726

Complex 3	Fluorescent Dyes/Probes
Complex 3 is a fluorescent dithiocarbazate-copper complex with anticancer activity, which localizes to mitochondria. Complex 3 displays excitation/emission maxima of 455-495/535 nm, respectively. Complex 3 inhibits the growth of BxPC-3, AsPC-1, PANC-1, and WI38 pancreatic cancer cells with IC₅₀ values of 0.74, 0.41, 0.62, and 2.06 µM, respectively. Complex 3 induces lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial rupture and shrinkage in AsPC-1 cells. Complex 3 also induces mitochondrial apoptosis and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction dysfunction in AsPC-1 cells. Complex 3 reduces tumor volume in an AsPC-1 mouse xenograft model .

Complex 3

Fluorescent Dyes/Probes

Complex 3 is a fluorescent dithiocarbazate-copper complex with anticancer activity, which localizes to mitochondria. Complex 3 displays excitation/emission maxima of 455-495/535 nm, respectively. Complex 3 inhibits the growth of BxPC-3, AsPC-1, PANC-1, and WI38 pancreatic cancer cells with IC₅₀ values of 0.74, 0.41, 0.62, and 2.06 µM, respectively. Complex 3 induces lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial rupture and shrinkage in AsPC-1 cells. Complex 3 also induces mitochondrial apoptosis and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction dysfunction in AsPC-1 cells. Complex 3 reduces tumor volume in an AsPC-1 mouse xenograft model .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-137782

Palmitoleoyl-CoA	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Palmitoleoyl-CoA can be activated and transported into the mitochondria for metabolism, specifically for β-oxidation. Palmitoleoyl-CoA induces the cardiac mitochondrial membrane permeability transition, which causes mitochondrial dysfunction. Palmitoleoyl-CoA regulates metabolism via allosteric control of AMPK β1-isoforms .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P10409

SHLP2 Small humanin-like peptide 2	Apoptosis	Others
SHLP2 (Small humanin-like peptide 2) is a small molecule peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA, belonging to mitochondria derived peptide. SHLP2 has the activity of regulating apoptosis and inhibits cell death. SHLP2 can be used in the study of diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction and anti-aging diseases .

HY-P10707A

Tpp-CAQK TFA	Endogenous Metabolite	Inflammation/Immunology
Tpp-CAQK TAF can bind to mitochondria, enabling the construction of an engineered mitochondrial compound, Mito-Tpp-CAQK TFA, with excellent bioactivity. Mito-Tpp-CAQK TFA can be internalized by macrophages, thereby enhancing the phagocytosis of myelin debris, alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and reducing proinflammatory profiles, ultimately facilitating tissue repair and functional recovery in mice after spinal cord injury .

HY-P3003

Cereulide	Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Cereulide, a toxin depsipeptide, can be produced by Bacillus cereus. Cereulide induces cell apoptosis. Cereulide acts on mitochondria, leading to dysfunction in different organs (liver, pancreatic islet, brain, intestines, etc.) and body systems (immune system and nervous system) .

HY-P10707

Tpp-CAQK	Endogenous Metabolite	Inflammation/Immunology
Tpp-CAQK can bind to mitochondria, enabling the construction of an engineered mitochondrial compound, Mito-Tpp-CAQK, with excellent bioactivity. Mito-Tpp-CAQK can be internalized by macrophages, thereby enhancing the phagocytosis of myelin debris, alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and reducing proinflammatory profiles, ultimately facilitating tissue repair and functional recovery in mice after spinal cord injury .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-134238

Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium	Structural Classification Natural Products Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Source classification Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite Biochemical Assay Reagents
Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium is a mitochondria-exclusive phospholipid that can be extracted from Bovine hear. Aberrant Cardiolipin content, structure, and localization are linked to impaired neurogenesis and neuronal dysfunction, contributing to neurodegenerative diseases. Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium can be coated on microtitre plates for ELISA assay .

HY-N2858

Alpinumisoflavone acetate	Structural Classification Source classification Coumarins Phenylpropanoids Plants Millettia thonningii (Schumach. & Thonn.) Baker Fabaceae	Apoptosis
Alpinumisoflavone acetate is a anticancer agent. Alpinumisoflavone acetate shows antiproliferative activity. Alpinumisoflavone acetate decreases the expression of phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Alpinumisoflavone acetate induces mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondria-mediated Apoptosis. Alpinumisoflavone acetate has the potential for the research of HCC .

HY-P3003

Cereulide	Microorganisms Source classification	Apoptosis
Cereulide, a toxin depsipeptide, can be produced by Bacillus cereus. Cereulide induces cell apoptosis. Cereulide acts on mitochondria, leading to dysfunction in different organs (liver, pancreatic islet, brain, intestines, etc.) and body systems (immune system and nervous system) .

HY-137782

Palmitoleoyl-CoA	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Source classification Endogenous metabolite	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Palmitoleoyl-CoA can be activated and transported into the mitochondria for metabolism, specifically for β-oxidation. Palmitoleoyl-CoA induces the cardiac mitochondrial membrane permeability transition, which causes mitochondrial dysfunction. Palmitoleoyl-CoA regulates metabolism via allosteric control of AMPK β1-isoforms .

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mitochondria dysfunction

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Screening Libraries

Fluorescent Dye

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

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