Violacein

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Violacein, a secondary metabolite produced by several microorganisms, possesses potent anticancer and low side effects. Violacein possesses antioxidant properties. Apoptosis inducer.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Violacein Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 548-54-9

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Description

Violacein, a secondary metabolite produced by several microorganisms, possesses potent anticancer and low side effects. Violacein possesses antioxidant properties. Apoptosis inducer^[1]^[2].

IC₅₀ & Target

Microbial Metabolite

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
Caco-2	IC₅₀	> 1.5 μM Compound: violacein	Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) Caco2 cells after 24 to 48 hr by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) Caco2 cells after 24 to 48 hr by MTT assay	10.1007/s00044-011-9654-9
DLD-1	IC₅₀	> 1.5 μM Compound: violacein	Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) DLD1 cells after 24 to 48 hr by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) DLD1 cells after 24 to 48 hr by MTT assay	10.1007/s00044-011-9654-9
HCT-116	IC₅₀	> 1.5 μM Compound: violacein	Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) HCT116 cells after 24 to 48 hr by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) HCT116 cells after 24 to 48 hr by MTT assay	10.1007/s00044-011-9654-9
HT-29	IC₅₀	> 1.5 μM Compound: violacein	Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) HT-29 cells after 24 to 48 hr by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) HT-29 cells after 24 to 48 hr by MTT assay	10.1007/s00044-011-9654-9

In Vitro

Violacein (0.25-3 µM; 24h; HCT116 and HT29 cells) possesses anticancer activity in both 2D and 3D cell models^[1].
Violacein decreases RTKs expression and disturbs signaling pathways in CRC cells^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[1].

Cell Line:	HCT116 and HT29 (1.8 × 104 cells/well-100 µL) cells.
Concentration:	0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 µM.
Incubation Time:	24h.
Result:	In the 2D culture model, the violacein treatment reduced the cell viability, since there was a decrease in formazan production in the HT29 and HCT116 cell lines. Moreover, HT29 was more sensitive to violacein, as evidenced by the IC₅₀ value (0.6 μM) compared to HCT116 (1.2 μM).

Molecular Weight

343.34

Formula

C₂₀H₁₃N₃O₃

CAS No.

548-54-9

Appearance

Solid

Color

Brown to black

SMILES

O=C1/C(C2=CC=CC=C2N1)=C3C=C(C(C4=C5)=CNC4=CC=C5O)NC\3=O

Structure Classification

Initial Source

Microorganisms

Chromobacterium violaceum

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 91.35%

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Data Sheet (276 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (257 KB) HNMR (221 KB) RP-HPLC (161 KB) LCMS (645 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Patricia F de Souza Oliveira, et al. Violacein negatively modulates the colorectal cancer survival and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Biochem. 2022 Jul;123(7):1247-1258. [Content Brief]

[2]. Marlon Konzen, et al. Antioxidant properties of violacein: possible relation on its biological function. Bioorg Med Chem. 2006 Dec 15;14(24):8307-13. [Content Brief]

Violacein Related Classifications

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The molarity calculator equation

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass		Concentration		Volume		Molecular Weight *
	=		×		×

The dilution calculator equation

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)	×	Volume _(start)	=	Concentration _(final)	×	Volume _(final)
	×		=		×
C1		V1		C2		V2

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Violacein548-54-9ApoptosisEndogenous MetaboliteAnticancerMicroorganisms Secondary Metaboliteantioxidantapoptosiscolon cancer,Inhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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