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κ-Carrageenan is a natural polymer which predominantly available in red seaweeds. κ-Carrageenan is an effective agent carrier to deliver curcumin in cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. κ-carrageenan serves as a potential inflammatory agent that magnifies existing intestinal inflammation.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
κ-Carrageenan is a natural polymer which predominantly available in red seaweeds. κ-Carrageenan is an effective agent carrier to deliver curcumin in cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. κ-carrageenan serves as a potential inflammatory agent that magnifies existing intestinal inflammation[1][2].
In Vitro
κ-Car- Curcumin (Cur) (0-500 μg/mL; 24-72 hours) effectively involves in cancer cell growth inhibition at lower concentrations of 40 μg/mL[1]. The cytotoxicity of the Cur loaded κ-Car has a significantly high apoptotic activity in selected lung cancer cells of A549[1]. κ-Carrageenan (1-60 μg/mL; 0.5-24 hours) enhances LPS-induced IL-8 secretion in HT-29 cells[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
The dose response effects of cells treated with Cur loaded κ-Car after incubation of 24, 48 and 72 h exhibited a significant IC50 values of 65, 50 and 40 μg/mL respectively, for 24, 48, 72 h ours.
In Vivo
κ-Carrageenan can be used in animal modeling to create paw edema, colitis, and thrombosis models. κ-Carrageenan has oral activity; after oral administration, its concentration in BALB/c mice peaks at 3 hours, with an average residence time of 36.6 hours and a clearance rate of 0.1 L/h/kg. Most of the κ-Carrageenan is excreted via feces, while 9.2% is excreted through urine, indicating rapid absorption, slow elimination, and prolonged retention in the body. Additionally, κ-Carrageenan accumulates in the liver and kidneys. After 14 days of oral administration of κ-Carrageenan, hepatocyte necrosis, renal tubular vacuolation, and incomplete colonic epithelial cells are observed. Four hours after intraperitoneal injection of κ-Carrageenan, minor infarcts and erythema appear at the tips of rat tails, with infarct length increasing in a time-dependent manner and stabilizing 24 hours post-injection. Twenty-four hours is determined as the time point for successful establishment of the thrombosis model[4][5][6][7][8][9].
Phenotypic observation: Increased foot volume between the ankle joint and the tibiotarsal joint. Molecular changes: Neutrophil migration to the foot area of rats injected with κ-carrageenan, along with elevated expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors such as bradykinin, histamine, tachykinins, complement, and reactive oxygen species.
κ-Carrageenan induces the expression of pro-inflammatory factors by promoting interactions between intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells (macrophage-like THP-1 cells), thereby disrupting the integrity and function of the intestinal epithelial cells. κ-Carrageenan can also enhance the induction of colitis in mice by TNBS through the activation of the TLR4-NF-κB and MAPK/ERK1/2 pathways.
Specific Mmodeling Methods
Mice: C57BL/6J • male and female • 20-25 g • 6-week-old
Administration: 1.7, 8.3, 41.7 mg/kg • po • single dose
Note
κ-Carrageenan is dissolved in physiological saline.
Phenotypic observation: Weight loss in mice, slight shortening and thickening of the distal colon, with colonic edema and hemorrhage. Damage to the surface of epithelial mucosal cells and disintegration of microvilli. Molecular changes: Significant upregulation of IL-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression, with a notable decrease in IL-10 expression. The enzymatic activity of SOD and GSH-px in the colonic mucosa is reduced, while the expression of TLR4, NF-κB, p-ERK, p-JNK, p-Jun, IL-8, and MDA is upregulated.
Phenotypic observation: Swelling, redness, and thrombosis in the tails of rats. Coagulation parameter changes: In the tails of rats with thrombus formation, prothrombin time (PT) and fibrinogen (FIB) significantly increased, while thrombin time (TT) significantly decreased, as determined by classical coagulation testing methods.
Correlated Product(s): /
Opposite Product(s): Aspirin Eugenol Ester
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder
-20°C
3 years
4°C
2 years
In solvent
-80°C
6 months
-20°C
1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 8.33 mg/mL (ultrasonic and warming and heat to 80°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 8 mg/mL (ultrasonic and warming and heat to 80°C)
For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day. The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.83 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (8.3 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 0.83 mg/mL; Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.83 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (8.3 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 0.83 mg/mL; Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.83 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (8.3 mg/mL) to 900 μLCorn oil, and mix evenly.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly.
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time. The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution.
If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation,
heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Protocol 1
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 8.33 mg/mL; Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
Dosage
mg/kg
Animal weight (per animal)
g
Dosing volume (per animal)
μL
Number of animals
Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO+
%
+
%
Tween-80
+
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO,
. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
, Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration:
mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution:
mg
drug dissolved in
μL
DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take
μL DMSO stock solution, add
μL .
μL , mix evenly, next add
μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add
μL Saline.
Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution
If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.
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