2. Stem Cell/Wnt TGF-beta/Smad Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel
  3. TGF-beta/Smad Potassium Channel
  4. Hydrochlorothiazide

Hydrochlorothiazide  (Synonyms: HCTZ)

Cat. No.: HY-B0252 Purity: 99.51%
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Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), an orally active diuretic agent of the thiazide class, inhibits transforming TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Hydrochlorothiazide has direct vascular relaxant effects via opening of the calcium-activated potassium (KCA) channel. Hydrochlorothiazide improves cardiac function, reduces fibrosis and has antihypertensive effect.

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Hydrochlorothiazide Chemical Structure

Hydrochlorothiazide Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 58-93-5

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Based on 3 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Hydrochlorothiazide:

Hydrochlorothiazide Related Antibodies

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Description

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), an orally active diuretic agent of the thiazide class, inhibits transforming TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Hydrochlorothiazide has direct vascular relaxant effects via opening of the calcium-activated potassium (KCA) channel. Hydrochlorothiazide improves cardiac function, reduces fibrosis and has antihypertensive effect[1][2][3].

In Vitro

Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to thiazide class of diuretics. It reduces blood volume by acting on the kidneys to reduce sodium (Na) reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. The major site of action in the nephron appears on an electroneutral Na+-Cl co-transporter by competing for the chloride site on the transporter. By impairing Na transport in the distal convoluted tubule, hydrochlorothiazide induces a natriuresis and concomitant water loss. Thiazides increase the reabsorption of calcium in this segment in a manner unrelated to sodium transport. Additionally, by other mechanisms, Hydrochlorothiazide is believed to lower peripheral vascular resistance[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Hydrochlorothiazide Related Antibodies
In Vivo

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ; orally bygavage; 12.5 mg/kg/d; 8 weeks) has improved cardiac function, reduced cardiac interstitial fibrosis and collagen volume fraction, decreased expression of AT1, TGF-β and Smad2 in the cardiac tissues in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. In addition, hydrochlorothiazide reduces plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone levels. Furthermore, hydrochlorothiazide inhibits angiotensin II-induced TGF-β1 and Smad2 protein expression in the neonatal rat ventricular fibroblasts[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

297.74

Formula

C7H8ClN3O4S2
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=S(C1=C(Cl)C=C(C2=C1)NCNS2(=O)=O)(N)=O
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years

*The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (167.93 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.3586 mL 16.7932 mL 33.5864 mL
5 mM 0.6717 mL 3.3586 mL 6.7173 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

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  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.40 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.40 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 3.3586 mL 16.7932 mL 33.5864 mL 83.9659 mL
5 mM 0.6717 mL 3.3586 mL 6.7173 mL 16.7932 mL
10 mM 0.3359 mL 1.6793 mL 3.3586 mL 8.3966 mL
15 mM 0.2239 mL 1.1195 mL 2.2391 mL 5.5977 mL
20 mM 0.1679 mL 0.8397 mL 1.6793 mL 4.1983 mL
25 mM 0.1343 mL 0.6717 mL 1.3435 mL 3.3586 mL
30 mM 0.1120 mL 0.5598 mL 1.1195 mL 2.7989 mL
40 mM 0.0840 mL 0.4198 mL 0.8397 mL 2.0991 mL
50 mM 0.0672 mL 0.3359 mL 0.6717 mL 1.6793 mL
60 mM 0.0560 mL 0.2799 mL 0.5598 mL 1.3994 mL
80 mM 0.0420 mL 0.2099 mL 0.4198 mL 1.0496 mL
100 mM 0.0336 mL 0.1679 mL 0.3359 mL 0.8397 mL
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Hydrochlorothiazide Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Hydrochlorothiazide58-93-5HCTZTGF-beta/SmadPotassium ChannelTransforming growth factor betaKcsAvascularrelaxantcalciumpotassiumKCAcardiacfibrosisantihypertensiveInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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