2. Autophagy NF-κB Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Immunology/Inflammation Anti-infection Apoptosis
  3. Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species Bacterial Apoptosis
  4. Rhein

Rhein  (Synonyms: Rheic Acid; Rhubarb yellow; Monorhein)

Cat. No.: HY-N0105 Purity: 98.06%
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Rhein is an anthraquinone compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer effects[1].

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Rhein Chemical Structure

Rhein Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 478-43-3

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Customer Review

Based on 9 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Rhein:

Rhein Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

Rhein is an anthraquinone compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer effects[1].

In Vitro

Rhein (0-80 μM, 72 h) inhibits the viability of NB4 cells in a dose-dependent manner[2].
Rhein (5 μM, 72 h) increases semi-adherent, macrophage-like cells, and expression of CD11b, CD14, CCR-1 and CCR-2, and increases ROS production and phagocytosis in ATRA-activated NB4 cells[2].
Rhein (5 μM, 72 h) induces NB4 cell death by activating apoptosis and inhibiting the mTOR pathway [2].
Rhein (50-200 μM, 48 h) inhibits angiogenesis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435 cells[4].
Rhein (0-50 μM, 24 h) inhibits HUVEC roliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation (inhibits VEGF165, EGF in supernatant and HIF-1α in nuclear extract)[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Rhein Related Antibodies

RT-PCR[2]

Cell Line: acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell (NB4 cells)
Concentration: 5 μM
Incubation Time: 72 h
Result: Increaseed mRNA expression of PU.1, C/EBPA, and C/EBPE.
Increaseed ATRA activated mRNA expression of CCR1 and CCR2.

Western Blot Analysis[2]

Cell Line: NB4 cells
Concentration: 0-40 μM
Incubation Time: 48 and 72 h
Result: Increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3, Bax.
Decreased the expression of Bcl-xl, procaspase-3.
In Vivo

Rhein (10-40 mg/kg, i.g.) protects against Acetaminophen (HY-66005)-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: 2.5 g/kg APAP (i.g.) induced rats[3]
Dosage: 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg
Administration: i.g.
Result: Ameliorated histopathological damage of liver and kidney.
Reduced GPT, GOT, UREA and CREA levels and ROS production.
Restored NO, MDA, GSH contents.
Molecular Weight

284.22

Formula

C15H8O6
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

Light yellow to yellow

SMILES

O=C(C(C=C1C2=O)=CC(O)=C1C(C3=C2C=CC=C3O)=O)O
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 2 years
-20°C 1 year
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

0.1 M NaOH : ≥ 12.5 mg/mL (43.98 mM)

DMSO : 12.17 mg/mL (42.82 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.5184 mL 17.5920 mL 35.1840 mL
5 mM 0.7037 mL 3.5184 mL 7.0368 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

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Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: 1.67 mg/mL (5.88 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    This protocol yields a suspended solution of 1.67 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (16.7 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  0.5% CMC-Na/saline water

    Solubility: 10 mg/mL (35.18 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO / 0.1 M NaOH 1 mM 3.5184 mL 17.5920 mL 35.1840 mL 87.9600 mL
5 mM 0.7037 mL 3.5184 mL 7.0368 mL 17.5920 mL
10 mM 0.3518 mL 1.7592 mL 3.5184 mL 8.7960 mL
15 mM 0.2346 mL 1.1728 mL 2.3456 mL 5.8640 mL
20 mM 0.1759 mL 0.8796 mL 1.7592 mL 4.3980 mL
25 mM 0.1407 mL 0.7037 mL 1.4074 mL 3.5184 mL
30 mM 0.1173 mL 0.5864 mL 1.1728 mL 2.9320 mL
40 mM 0.0880 mL 0.4398 mL 0.8796 mL 2.1990 mL
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Rhein Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Rhein478-43-3Rheic Acid Rhubarb yellow MonorheinAutophagyReactive Oxygen SpeciesBacterialApoptosisleukemiaNB4 cellhepatocelluar carcinomacancerInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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