1. Signaling Pathways
  2. Immunology/Inflammation
  3. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-14398R
    Celecoxib (Standard)
    Inhibitor
    Celecoxib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Celecoxib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Celecoxib,a selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 40 nM.
    Celecoxib (Standard)
  • HY-A0259
    Floctafenine
    Inhibitor
    Floctafenine, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID), acts as an effective analgesic agent. Floctafenine is an inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 activities in vitro,showing a slightly higher potency towards COX-I. Floctafenine is used for the research of short term pain research.
    Floctafenine
  • HY-119304
    GW-406381
    Inhibitor 99.69%
    GW406381, a highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, attenuates spontaneous ectopic discharge in sural nerves of rats following chronic constriction injury.
    GW-406381
  • HY-B0261S2
    Meloxicam-13C,d3
    Inhibitor ≥99.90%
    Meloxicam-13C,d3 is deuterium labeled Meloxicam. Meloxicam is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, inhibits COX activity, with IC50s of 0.49 µM and 36.6 µM for COX-2 and COX-1, respectively.
    Meloxicam-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-131495
    (S)-6-O-Desmethylnaproxen
    Inhibitor
    (S)-6-O-Desmethylnaproxen ((S)-6-Desmethyl Naproxen) is a metabolite of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and COX inhibitor (+)-naproxen ((S)-naproxen). (S)-6-O-Desmethylnaproxen is formed from (S)-naproxen by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP1A2 and CYP2C9.
    (S)-6-O-Desmethylnaproxen
  • HY-B0253S
    Piroxicam-d3
    Inhibitor 99.68%
    Piroxicam-d3 is deuterium labeled Piroxicam. Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 47, 25 μM for human monocyte COX-1 and COX-2, respectively .
    Piroxicam-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N0811
    Anemarsaponin B
    Inhibitor
    Anemarsaponin B is a steroidal saponin. Anemarsaponin B decreases the protein and mRNA levels of iNOS and COX-2. Anemarsaponin B reduces the expressions and productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-a and IL-6. Anemarsaponin B inhibits the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB by blocking the phosphorylation of IκBα. Anemarsaponin B also inhibits the phosphorylation of MAP kinase kinases 3/6 (MKK3/6) and mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3). Anti-inflammatory effect .
    Anemarsaponin B
  • HY-B1130
    Isoxicam
    Inhibitor 99.83%
    Isoxicam is an orally active, long-acting, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent for the research of arthritis. Isoxicam is a nonselective inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2.
    Isoxicam
  • HY-B0230S2
    Phenylbutazone-13C12
    Inhibitor 99.90%
    Phenylbutazone-13C12 is the 13C12 labeled Phenylbutazone. Phenylbutazone is an efficient reducing cofactor for the peroxidase activity of prostaglandin H synthase (PHS). Phenylbutazone, a hepatotoxin, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Phenylbutazone induces muscle blind-like protein 1 (MBNL1) expression and has the potential for ankylosing spondylitis research.
    Phenylbutazone-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>12</sub>
  • HY-B0167S1
    Salicylic acid-13C6
    Salicylic acid-13C6 is the 13C-labeled Salicylic acid (HY-B0167). Salicylic acid is a precursor to and a metabolite of Aspirin (HY-14654), can inhibit cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity.
    Salicylic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-109158
    Rebamipide mofetil
    Inhibitor
    Rebamipide mofetil is an orally active proagent of Rebamipide (OPC12759). Rebamipide is a mucoprotective agent. Rebamipide induces COX-2 expression, increases PGE2 levels, and enhances gastric mucosal defense in a COX-2-dependent manner.
    Rebamipide mofetil
  • HY-18342S
    Diflunisal-d3
    Inhibitor 99.71%
    Diflunisal-d3 is the deuterium labeled Diflunisal. Diflunisal (MK-647) is a salicylate derivative with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and uricosuric properties, which is used alone as an analgesic and in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The mechanism of action of diflunisal is as a Cyclooxygenase (COX) Inhibitor.
    Diflunisal-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N0416R
    Cucurbitacin B (Standard)
    Inhibitor
    Cucurbitacin B (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cucurbitacin B. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity.
    Cucurbitacin B (Standard)
  • HY-N6891
    Hamaudol
    Inhibitor 99.59%
    Hamaudol is a chromone isolated from Saposhnikovia divaricata. Hamaudol shows significant inhibitory activity on cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 activities with IC50 values of 0.30, 0.57 mM, respectively, and has potent analgesia and anti-inflammary effects.
    Hamaudol
  • HY-N8371
    Shizukaol B
    Inhibitor
    Shizukaol B is a lindenane-type dimeric sesquiterpene, used to be isolated from the whole plant of Chloranthus henryi. Shizukaol B has anti-inflammatory effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of BV2 microglial cells. Shizukaol B inhibits iNOS and COX-2, and suppresses NO production, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression.
    Shizukaol B
  • HY-78131S2
    Ibuprofen-d4
    Inhibitor 99.28%
    Ibuprofen-d4 is a deuterium labeled Ibuprofen (HY-78131). Ibuprofen is a potent, orally active, selective COX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 13 μM. Ibuprofen inhibits cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and induces cell apoptosis. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Ibuprofen ((±)-Ibuprofen) can be used in the research of pain, swelling, inflammation, infection, immunology, cancers.
    Ibuprofen-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-100516
    Cimicoxib
    Inhibitor 98.02%
    Cimicoxib (CX) is an orally active potent and selective COX-2 (cyclo-oxygenase-2) inhibitor. Cimicoxib exhibits promising anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. The PK parameters of Cimicoxib in dogs given precise (2 mg/kg) and approximate doses (1.95-2.5 mg/kg) are similar.
    Cimicoxib
  • HY-N0569R
    Madecassic acid (Standard)
    Inhibitor
    Madecassic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Madecassic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Madecassic acid is isolated from Centella asiatica (Umbelliferae). Madecassic acid has anti-inflammatory properties caused by iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 inhibition via the downregulation of NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
    Madecassic acid (Standard)
  • HY-119647
    PPOH
    Inhibitor 99.87%
    PPOH, a fatty acid derivative, is a selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor that inhibits arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase activity in renal cortical microsomes. In addition, PPOH acts on CYP4A2 and CYP4A3 with the IC50 values of 22 μM and 6.5 μM, respectively. PPOH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    PPOH
  • HY-137011
    3,9-Dihydroeucomin
    Inhibitor
    3,9-Dihydroeucomin (compound 12) is a natural homoisoflavonoid compound with less COX-2 inhibitory activitys.
    3,9-Dihydroeucomin
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