2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-115498
    ARN14494
    		Inhibitor 99.08%
    ARN14494 is a potent and selective serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 27.3 nM. ARN14494 affects the CNS in terms of anti-inflammation and neuroprotection. ARN14494 protects neurons from β-amyloid 1-42-induced neurotoxicity through a variety of mechanisms, including anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammation. ARN14494 can be used for Alzheimer’s disease research.
    ARN14494
  • HY-B1355
    Oxyphenbutazone monohydrate
    		Inhibitor 98.02%
    Oxyphenbutazone monohydrate is a Phenylbutazone (HY-B0230) metabolite, with anti-inflammatory effect. Oxyphenbutazone monohydrate is an orally active non-selective COX inhibitor. Oxyphenbutazone monohydrate selectively kills non-replicating Mycobaterium tuberculosis.
    Oxyphenbutazone monohydrate
  • HY-124481
    Oleocanthal
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    Oleocanthal is an orally active phenolic seciridoid compound. Oleocanthal can be extracted from olive oil. Oleocanthal inhibits COX-1 and COX-2, reduces ROS and NO, and upregulates Nrf-2 and HO-1. Oleocanthal reduces Aβ deposition. Oleocanthal exhibits anti-Leishmania activity against promastigotes and amastigotes of L. major, with IC50 values of 18.7 and 87 μg/mL, respectively. Oleocanthal exhibits anticancer activity against colon, breast, liver, and melanoma cancers. Oleocanthal also exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Oleocanthal can be used in Alzheimer's disease research.
    Oleocanthal
  • HY-N4226
    1-Methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    1-Methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid is an AP-1 inhibitor which can be found in Cordyceps bassiana. 1-Methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid downregulates the expression of COX-2. 1-Methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid can be used for the study of atopic dermatitis.
    1-Methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid
  • HY-U00175
    Pamicogrel
    		Inhibitor 99.44%
    Pamicogrel (KBT3022) is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor.
    Pamicogrel
  • HY-14398R
    Celecoxib (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Celecoxib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Celecoxib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Celecoxib,a selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 40 nM.
    Celecoxib (Standard)
  • HY-119304
    GW-406381
    		Inhibitor 99.69%
    GW406381, a highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, attenuates spontaneous ectopic discharge in sural nerves of rats following chronic constriction injury.
    GW-406381
  • HY-B0261S2
    Meloxicam-13C,d3
    		Inhibitor ≥99.90%
    Meloxicam-13C,d3 is deuterium labeled Meloxicam. Meloxicam is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, inhibits COX activity, with IC50s of 0.49 µM and 36.6 µM for COX-2 and COX-1, respectively.
    Meloxicam-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-131495
    (S)-6-O-Desmethylnaproxen
    		Inhibitor
    (S)-6-O-Desmethylnaproxen ((S)-6-Desmethyl Naproxen) is a metabolite of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and COX inhibitor (+)-naproxen ((S)-naproxen). (S)-6-O-Desmethylnaproxen is formed from (S)-naproxen by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP1A2 and CYP2C9.
    (S)-6-O-Desmethylnaproxen
  • HY-B0253S
    Piroxicam-d3
    		Inhibitor 99.68%
    Piroxicam-d3 (CP-16171-d3) is deuterium labeled Piroxicam. Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 47, 25 μM for human monocyte COX-1 and COX-2, respectively .
    Piroxicam-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N0811
    Anemarsaponin B
    		Inhibitor
    Anemarsaponin B is a steroidal saponin. Anemarsaponin B decreases the protein and mRNA levels of iNOS and COX-2. Anemarsaponin B reduces the expressions and productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-a and IL-6. Anemarsaponin B inhibits the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB by blocking the phosphorylation of IκBα. Anemarsaponin B also inhibits the phosphorylation of MAP kinase kinases 3/6 (MKK3/6) and mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3). Anti-inflammatory effect .
    Anemarsaponin B
  • HY-B1130
    Isoxicam
    		Inhibitor 99.83%
    Isoxicam is an orally active, long-acting, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent for the research of arthritis. Isoxicam is a nonselective inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2.
    Isoxicam
  • HY-B0230S2
    Phenylbutazone-13C12
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Phenylbutazone-13C12 is the 13C12 labeled Phenylbutazone. Phenylbutazone is an efficient reducing cofactor for the peroxidase activity of prostaglandin H synthase (PHS). Phenylbutazone, a hepatotoxin, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Phenylbutazone induces muscle blind-like protein 1 (MBNL1) expression and has the potential for ankylosing spondylitis research.
    Phenylbutazone-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>12</sub>
  • HY-B0167S1
    Salicylic acid-13C6
    Salicylic acid-13C6 is the 13C-labeled Salicylic acid (HY-B0167). Salicylic acid is a precursor to and a metabolite of Aspirin (HY-14654), can inhibit cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity.
    Salicylic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-109158
    Rebamipide mofetil
    		Inhibitor
    Rebamipide mofetil is an orally active proagent of Rebamipide (OPC12759). Rebamipide is a mucoprotective agent. Rebamipide induces COX-2 expression, increases PGE2 levels, and enhances gastric mucosal defense in a COX-2-dependent manner.
    Rebamipide mofetil
  • HY-18342S
    Diflunisal-d3
    		Inhibitor 99.71%
    Diflunisal-d3 is the deuterium labeled Diflunisal. Diflunisal (MK-647) is a salicylate derivative with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and uricosuric properties, which is used alone as an analgesic and in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The mechanism of action of diflunisal is as a Cyclooxygenase (COX) Inhibitor.
    Diflunisal-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N0416R
    Cucurbitacin B (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Cucurbitacin B (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cucurbitacin B. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity.
    Cucurbitacin B (Standard)
  • HY-N6891
    Hamaudol
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    Hamaudol is a chromone isolated from Saposhnikovia divaricata. Hamaudol shows significant inhibitory activity on cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 activities with IC50 values of 0.30, 0.57 mM, respectively, and has potent analgesia and anti-inflammary effects.
    Hamaudol
  • HY-N8371
    Shizukaol B
    		Inhibitor
    Shizukaol B is a lindenane-type dimeric sesquiterpene, used to be isolated from the whole plant of Chloranthus henryi. Shizukaol B has anti-inflammatory effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of BV2 microglial cells. Shizukaol B inhibits iNOS and COX-2, and suppresses NO production, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression.
    Shizukaol B
  • HY-78131S2
    Ibuprofen-d4
    		Inhibitor 99.28%
    Ibuprofen-d4 is a deuterium labeled Ibuprofen (HY-78131). Ibuprofen is a potent, orally active, selective COX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 13 μM. Ibuprofen inhibits cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and induces cell apoptosis. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Ibuprofen ((±)-Ibuprofen) can be used in the research of pain, swelling, inflammation, infection, immunology, cancers.
    Ibuprofen-d<sub>4</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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