2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-15036R
    Diclofenac (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Diclofenac (Standard) is the analytical standard of Diclofenac. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Diclofenac is a potent and nonselective anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 and 1.3 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2 in CHO cells, and 5.1 and 0.84 μM for ovine COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Diclofenac induces apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) via the activation of the caspase cascade.
    Diclofenac (Standard)
  • HY-N4230
    Clematomandshurica saponin B
    		Inhibitor
    Clematomandshurica saponins B shows significant inhibitory activity on cyclooxygenase-2 (IC50=2.58 mM).
    Clematomandshurica saponin B
  • HY-N8641
    Kadsulignan N
    Kadsulignan N, a natural product has anti-HIV activity (EC50: 43.56 μM). Kadsulignan N is also a COX-2 ligand (Ki: 72.24 nM).
    Kadsulignan N
  • HY-B1138R
    Fenbufen (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Fenbufen (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fenbufen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fenbufen (CL-82204) is an orally active non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), with analgetic and antipyretic effects. Fenbufen has potent activity in a variety of animal model, including carageenin edema, UV erythema and adjuvant arthritis. Fenbufen has inhibitory activities against COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 3.9 μM and 8.1 μM, respectively. Fenbufen is a caspases (caspase-1, 3, 4, 5, 9) inhibitor.
    Fenbufen (Standard)
  • HY-N3716
    Dehydroglyasperin D
    		Inhibitor
    Dehydroglyasperin D inhibits rat and human Aldose Reductase (AR) (IC50: 62.4 μM and 176.2 μM respectively). Dehydroglyasperin D has anti-obesity, antioxidant effects. Dehydroglyasperin D shows anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting COX-2 expression and the MLK3 signaling pathway. Dehydroglyasperin D also inhibits melanin synthesis. Dehydroglyasperin D is a prenylated flavonoid that can be isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensi.
    Dehydroglyasperin D
  • HY-B0167R
    Salicylic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Salicylic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Salicylic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Salicylic acid (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid) inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity independently of transcription factor (NF-κB) activation.
    Salicylic acid (Standard)
  • HY-B0619S1
    Zaltoprofen-13C,d3
    		Inhibitor
    Zaltoprofen-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Zaltoprofen. Zaltoprofen (CN100), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a preferential and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.3 and 0.34 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Zaltoprofen exhibits powerful anti-inflammatory effects as well as an analgesic action on inflammatory pain[1][2][3].
    Zaltoprofen-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-B2158S
    Chlorotrianisene-d9
    		Inhibitor
    Chlorotrianisene-d9 is the deuterium labeled Chlorotrianisene. Chlorotrianisene is a long-acting non-steroidal estrogen and an orally active estrogen receptor modulator. Chlorotrianisene exhibits antiestrogenic activity. Chlorotrianisene potently inhibits the enzyme COX-1 and inhibits platelet aggregation in whole blood[1][2][3].
    Chlorotrianisene-d<sub>9</sub>
  • HY-146704
    COX-2/sEH-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2/sEH-IN-1 (Compound 9c) is an orally active, dual COX-2 and sEH (soluble epoxide hydrolase) inhibitor with IC50 values of 1.24 µM and 0.40 nM against COX-2 and sEH, respectively. COX-2/sEH-IN-1 shows improved anti-inflammatory activity and highly reduced cardiovascular risks.
    COX-2/sEH-IN-1
  • HY-N12960
    Artobiloxanthone
    		Inhibitor
    Artobiloxanthone (Compound AA3) exhibits antitumor activity, particularly against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Artobiloxanthone inhibits Akt/mTOR pathway and STAT3 pathway, inhibits proliferation of SAS and T.Tn (with IC50 of 11 and 22 μM), and inhibits the cancer cell migration. Artobiloxanthone arrests cell cycle at S phase, and induces apoptosis in OSCC cells through activation of caspase 3/9.
    Artobiloxanthone
  • HY-17474S
    Parecoxib-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Parecoxib-d3 is the deuterium labeled Parecoxib. Parecoxib (SC 69124) is a highly selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, the proagent of Valdecoxib (HY-15762). Parecoxib Sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) and inhibits prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Parecoxib can be used for the relief of acute postoperative pain and symptoms of chronic inflammatory conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in vivo.
    Parecoxib-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-146371
    COX-2-IN-13
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-13 (compound 13e) is a potent and selective inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 of 0.98 μM. COX-2-IN-13 is an anti-inflammatory agent. COX-2-IN-13 shows safety in-vivo acute toxicity study.
    COX-2-IN-13
  • HY-B0261A
    Meloxicam sodium
    		Inhibitor
    Meloxicam sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits COX activity, with IC50s of 0.49 µM and 36.6 µM for COX-2 and COX-1, respectively.
    Meloxicam sodium
  • HY-N1996R
    Chebulagic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Chebulagic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Chebulagic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM.
    Chebulagic acid (Standard)
  • HY-159564
    iNOS/COX-2-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    iNOS/COX-2-IN-3 (compound 7d) is a dual inhibitor of iNOS and COX-2, with potential anti-inflammatory activity against LPS (HY-D1056)-induced RAW 264.7 cells (IC50=3.48 μM). iNOS/COX-2-IN-3 has good plasma stability, oral activity and gastric safety, and its inhibitory activity on iNOS and COX-2 expression is 5.43-fold and 2.37-fold that of Indomethacin (HY-14397), respectively.
    iNOS/COX-2-IN-3
  • HY-15037R
    Diclofenac Sodium (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Diclofenac (Sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Diclofenac (Sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Diclofenac Sodium (GP 45840) is a potent and nonselective anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 and 1.3 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2 in CHO cells, and 5.1 and 0.84 μM for ovine COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Diclofenac Sodium induces apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) via the activation of the caspase cascade.
    Diclofenac Sodium (Standard)
  • HY-15321R
    Etoricoxib (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Etoricoxib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Etoricoxib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Etoricoxib (MK-0663) is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, acting as a selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.1 μM and 116 μM for COX-2 and COX-1 in human whole blood.
    Etoricoxib (Standard)
  • HY-168070
    COX-2-IN-48
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-48 (5-25), a COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 51.7 nM for human COX-2, exerts anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in various rodent models by inhibiting NF-κB pathway. COX-2-IN-48 (5-25) inhibits the degradation of IκB, the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, and the expression of COX-2 and iNOS.
    COX-2-IN-48
  • HY-149269
    COX-2-IN-30
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-30 is a benzenesulfonamide derivative, as well as an orally active and dual inhibitor of COX (IC50=49 nM for COX-2, 10.4 μM for COX-1) and 5-LOX (IC50=2.4 μM). COX-2-IN-30 also inhibits transmembrane hCA IX and hCA XII isoform with nanomolar calss Ki values. COX-2-IN-30 exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and ulcerogenic activities, and does not show acute gastric effect.
    COX-2-IN-30
  • HY-78131AS
    (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen-d3
    		Inhibitor 98.87%
    (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen-d3 is a deuterium labeled (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen. (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen is the S(+)-enantiomer of Ibuprofen that inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 activity with IC50s of 2.1 μM and 1.6 μM. (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen has analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic effects[1][2].
    (S)-(+)-Ibuprofen-d<sub>3</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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