1. Signaling Pathways
  2. PI3K/Akt/mTOR
  3. PI3K

PI3K

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase

PI3K (Phosphoinositide 3-kinase), via phosphorylation of the inositol lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), forms the second messenger molecule phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) which recruits and activates pleckstrin homology domain containing proteins, leading to downstream signalling events crucial for proliferation, survival and migration. Class I PI3K enzymes consist of four distinct catalytic isoforms, PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ.

There are three major classes of PI3K enzymes, being class IA widely associated to cancer. Class IA PI3K are heterodimeric lipid kinases composed of a catalytic subunit (p110α, p110β, or p110δ; encoded by PIK3CA, PIK3CB, and PIK3CD genes, respectively) and a regulatory subunit (p85).

The PI3K pathway plays an important role in many biological processes, including cell cycle progression, cell growth, survival, actin rearrangement and migration, and intracellular vesicular transport.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-100716
    Eganelisib
    Inhibitor 99.69%
    Eganelisib (IPI549) is a potent and selective PI3Kγ inhibitor with an IC50 of 16 nM. Eganelisib shows >100-fold selectivity over other lipid and protein kinases.
    Eganelisib
  • HY-101625
    Recilisib
    Activator 99.14%
    Recilisib (ON 01210) is a radioprotectant, which can activate AKT, PI3K activities in cells.
    Recilisib
  • HY-13228
    YM-201636
    Inhibitor 98.06%
    YM-201636 is a potent and selective PIKfyve inhibitor with an IC50 of 33 nM. YM-201636 also inhibits p110α with an IC50 of 3.3 μM. YM-201636 inhibits retroviral replication.
    YM-201636
  • HY-10115
    PI-103
    Inhibitor 98.93%
    PI-103 is a potent PI3K and mTOR inhibitor with IC50s of 8 nM, 88 nM, 48 nM, 150 nM, 20 nM, and 83 nM for p110α, p110β, p110δ, p110γ, mTORC1, and mTORC2. PI-103 also inhibits DNA-PK with an IC50 of 2 nM. PI-103 induces autophagy.
    PI-103
  • HY-N0776
    Isorhamnetin
    Inhibitor 99.94%
    Isorhamnetin is a flavonoid compound extracted from the Chinese herb Hippophae rhamnoides L.. Isorhamnetin suppresses skin cancer through direct inhibition of MEK1 and PI3K.
    Isorhamnetin
  • HY-10297
    Omipalisib
    Inhibitor 99.93%
    Omipalisib (GSK2126458) is an orally active and highly selective inhibitor of PI3K with Kis of 0.019 nM/0.13 nM/0.024 nM/0.06 nM and 0.18 nM/0.3 nM for p110α/β/δ/γ, mTORC1/2, respectively. Omipalisib has anti-cancer activity.
    Omipalisib
  • HY-156681
    STX-478
    Inhibitor 99.63%
    STX-478 (compound 80) is an oral CNS-penetrant allosteric mutant-selective PI3Kα inhibitor. STX-478 shows robust and durable tumor regression and can be used in cancer research.
    STX-478
  • HY-15346A
    Copanlisib dihydrochloride
    Inhibitor 99.55%
    Copanlisib dihydrochloride (BAY 80-6946 dihydrochloride) is a potent, selective and ATP-competitive pan-class I PI3K inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.5 nM, 0.7 nM, 3.7 nM and 6.4 nM for PI3Kα, PI3Kδ, PI3Kβ and PI3Kγ, respectively. Copanlisib dihydrochloride has more than 2,000-fold selectivity against other lipid and protein kinases, except for mTOR. Copanlisib dihydrochloride has superior antitumor activity.
    Copanlisib dihydrochloride
  • HY-13898
    Taselisib
    Inhibitor 99.75%
    Taselisib (GDC-0032) is a potent PI3K inhibitor targets PIK3CA mutations, with Kis of 0.12 nM, 0.29 nM, 0.97 nM, and 9.1 nM for PI3Kδ, PI3Kα, PI3Kγ and PI3Kβ, respectively.
    Taselisib
  • HY-13522
    Fimepinostat
    Inhibitor 99.95%
    Fimepinostat (CUDC-907) potently inhibits class I PI3Ks as well as classes I and II HDAC enzymes with an IC50 of 19/54/39 nM and 1.7/5.0/1.8/2.8 nM for PI3Kα/PI3Kβ/PI3Kδ and HDAC1/HDAC2/HDAC3/HDAC10 , respectively.
    Fimepinostat
  • HY-154848
    UCL-TRO-1938
    Activator 99.98%
    UCL-TRO-1938 is a potent allosteric activator of PI3Kα with an EC50 value of approximately 60 μM. UCL-TRO-1938 can induce cell proliferation and has cardioprotective and neural regeneration effects.
    UCL-TRO-1938
  • HY-110171
    iMDK
    Inhibitor 99.35%
    iMDK is a potent PI3K inhibitor and inhibits the growth factor MDK (also known as midkine or MK). iMDK suppresses non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cooperatively with A MEK inhibitor without harming normal cells and mice.
    iMDK
  • HY-124719
    hSMG-1 inhibitor 11j
    Inhibitor 99.82%
    hSMG-1 inhibitor 11j, a pyrimidine derivative, is a potent and selective inhibitor of hSMG-1, with an IC50 of 0.11 nM. hSMG-1 inhibitor 11j exhibits >455-fold selectivity for hSMG-1 over mTOR (IC50=50 nM), PI3Kα (IC50=92/60 nM) and CDK1/CDK2 (IC50=32/7.1 μM). hSMG-1 inhibitor 11j can be used for the research of cancer.
    hSMG-1 inhibitor 11j
  • HY-151527
    PI3K/Akt/CREB activator 1
    Agonist 99.10%
    PI3K/Akt/CREB activator 1 (compound AE-18) is a potent, orally active PI3K/Akt/CREB activator. PI3K/Akt/CREB activator 1 promotes neuronal proliferation, induced differentiation of Neuro-2a cells into a neuron-like morphology, and accelerated the establishment of axon-dendrite polarization of primary hippocampal neurons through upregulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor via the PI3K/Akt/CREB pathway. PI3K/Akt/CREB activator 1 can be used in research of vascular dementia (VaD).
    PI3K/Akt/CREB activator 1
  • HY-N0716B
    Berberine sulfate
    Activator 98.30%
    Berberine sulfate is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian, as an antibiotic. Berberine sulfate induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibits DNA topoisomerase. Berberine sulfate has antineoplastic properties. The sulfate form improves bioavailability.
    Berberine sulfate
  • HY-D0254
    Gallein
    ≥98.0%
    Gallein is a Gβγ subunit signaling inhibitor that can interfere with the interaction between Gβγ subunit and PI3Kγ, regulate platelet function, and exhibit anti-tumor activity[1][3].
    Gallein
  • HY-12795
    Vps34-IN-1
    Inhibitor 99.79%
    Vps34-IN-1 is a potent and selective inhibitor of class III Vps34 PI3K. Vps34-IN-1 inhibits phosphorylation of PtdIns by recombinant insect cell expressed Vps34-Vps15 complex with an IC50 of ~25 nM. Vps34-IN-1 can suppress SGK3 activation by reducing PtdIns(3)P levels via lowering phosphorylation of T-loop and hydrophobic motifs. Vps34-IN-1 modulates autophagy.
    Vps34-IN-1
  • HY-153306
    RLY-2608
    Inhibitor 99.20%
    RLY-2608 is an orally active first-in-class allosteric mutant-selective inhibitor of PI3Ka with anti-tumor activity. RLY-2608 inhibits tumor growth in PIK3CA-mutant xenograft mice models with minimal impact on insulin.
    RLY-2608
  • HY-15245
    GSK2636771
    Inhibitor 99.83%
    GSK2636771 is a potent, selective and orally bioavailable inhibitor of PI3Kβ with a Ki of 0.89 nM and an IC50 of 5.2 nM, showing 900-fold selectivity over p110α and p110γ, and 10-fold selectivity over p110δ isoforms.
    GSK2636771
  • HY-14860
    1-Deoxynojirimycin
    Activator 99.94%
    1-Deoxynojirimycin (Duvoglustat) is a potent and orally active α-glucosidase inhibitor. 1-Deoxynojirimycin suppresses postprandial blood glucose and is widely used for diabetes mellitus. 1-Deoxynojirimycin possesses antihyperglycemic, anti-obesity, and antiviral features.
    1-Deoxynojirimycin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity

Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of lipid kinases that integrate signals from growth factors, cytokines and other environmental cues, translating them into intracellular signals that regulate multiple signaling pathways. These pathways control many physiological functions and cellular processes, which include cell proliferation, growth, survival, motility and metabolism[1]

 

In the absence of activating signals, p85 interacts with p110 and inhibits p110 kinase activity. Following receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) or G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation, class I PI3Ks are recruited to the plasma membrane, where p85 inhibition of p110 is relieved and p110 phosphorylates PIP2 to generate PIP3. The activated insulin receptor recruits intracellular adaptor protein IRS1. Phosphorylation of IRS proteins on tyrosine residues by the insulin receptor initiates the recruitment and activation of PI3K. PIP3 acts as a second messenger which promotes the phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 by PDK-1. RTK activation can also trigger Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway. Activated Akt, ERK and RSK phosphorylate TSC2 at multiple sites to inhibit TSC1-TSC2-TBC1D7, which is the TSC complex that acts as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase RHEB. During inhibition of the TSC complex, GTP-loaded RHEB binds the mTOR catalytic domain to activate mTORC1. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) activates the TSC complex by phosphorylating TSC2 at Ser1379 and Ser1383. Phosphorylation of these two residues requires priming by AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of Ser1387. Wnt signaling inhibits GSK-3β and the TSC complex, and thus activates mTORC1. mTORC2 is activated by Wnt in a manner dependent on the small GTPase RAC1. Akt activation contributes to diverse cellular activities which include cell survival, growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, metabolism, and migration. Important downstream targets of Akt are GSK-3, FOXOs, BAD, AS160, eNOS, and mTOR. mTORC1 negatively regulates autophagy through multiple inputs, including inhibitory phosphorylation of ULK1, and promotes protein synthesis through activation of the translation initiation promoter S6K and through inhibition of the inhibitory mRNA cap binding 4E-BP1[1][2][3].

 

PI3Kδ is a heterodimeric enzyme, typically composed of a p85α regulatory subunit and a p110δ catalytic subunit. In T cells, the TCR, the costimulatory receptor ICOS and the IL-2R can activate PI3Kδ. In B cells, PI3Kδ is activated upon crosslinking of the B cell receptor (BCR). The BCR co-opts the co-receptor CD19 or the adaptor B cell associated protein (BCAP), both of which have YXXM motifs to which the p85α SH2 domains can bind. In lumphocytes, BTK and ITK contribute to the activation of PLCγ and promotes the generation of DAG and the influx of Ca2+, which in turn activate PKC and the CARMA1-, BCL 10- and MALT1 containing (CBM) complex. The resulting NF-κB inhibitor kinase (IKK) activation leads to the phosphorylation and the degradation of IκB, and to the nuclear accumulation of the p50-p65 NF-κB heterodimer. MyD88 is an adapter protein that mediates signal transduction for most TLRs and leads to activation of PI3K[4].

 

Reference:

[1]. Thorpe LM, et al. PI3K in cancer: divergent roles of isoforms, modes of activation and therapeutic targeting.Nat Rev Cancer. 2015 Jan;15(1):7-24. 
[2]. Vanhaesebroeck B, et al. PI3K signalling: the path to discovery and understanding.Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2012 Feb 23;13(3):195-203. 
[3]. Fruman DA, et al. The PI3K Pathway in Human Disease.Cell. 2017 Aug 10;170(4):605-635.
[4]. Lucas CL, et al. PI3Kδ and primary immunodeficiencies.Nat Rev Immunol. 2016 Nov;16(11):702-714. 

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