2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N2410
    N-trans-Feruloyltyramine
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    N-trans-Feruloyltyramine (N-feruloyltyramine), an alkaloid, is a potent antioxidant. N-trans-Feruloyltyramine improves H2O2-induced intracellular ROS generation and decreases apoptosis. N-trans-Feruloyltyramine has the potential for oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative conditions and cancer research.
    N-trans-Feruloyltyramine
  • HY-D1157
    HKPerox-2
    		99.79%
    HKPerox-2 is a highly sensitive green fluorescent probe for the specific detection of H2O2 in living cells with a maximum excitation wavelength and emission wavelength of 520 nm and 543 nm, respectively.
    HKPerox-2
  • HY-128525
    Enterobactin
    		Inhibitor 99.64%
    Enterobactin is a siderophore produced by Gram-negative bacteria and has an extremely high affinity for iron. During the process of Salmonella typhimurium infecting macrophages, Enterobactin can not only help bacteria uptake iron but also reduce the antibacterial activity of macrophages. In addition, Enterobactin is also involved in the oxidative stress response of Escherichia coli. Enterobactin can be hydrolyzed by Fes in the cell and exert antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals.
    Enterobactin
  • HY-135152
    CYPMPO
    		99.00%
    CYPMPO is a spin-trapping reagent. CYPMPO, a cyclic DEPMPO-type nitrone, is evaluated for spin-trapping capabilities toward hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. anti-oxidant and anti-tumor?activity.
    CYPMPO
  • HY-15930A
    TMB dihydrochloride
    		99.83%
    TMB dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride form of TMB (HY-15930). TMB dihydrochloride is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB dihydrochloride can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB dihydrochloride can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.
    TMB dihydrochloride
  • HY-W001583
    Manganese(salen) chloride
    		Inhibitor
    Manganese(salen) chloride (EUK-8), a superoxide dismutase and catalase mimetic, is an antioxidant with oxyradical scavenging properties. Manganese(salen) chloride ameliorates acute lung injury in endotoxemic swine.
    Manganese(salen) chloride
  • HY-W011689
    6PPD
    		Inhibitor 99.44%
    6PPD is a rubber antioxidant that scavenges ozone, forming nitroxyl radicals. 6PPD exposure decreases hatchability, lowered autonomous movement, reduces body length in zebrafish embryos and causes deformities. 6PPD also produces oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos.
    6PPD
  • HY-12643
    Eprinomectin
    		98.02%
    Eprinomectin (MK-397) is a type of avermectin. Eprinomectin, as a broad-spectrum fungicide, has insecticidal, insecticidal and acaricidal activities. Eprinomectin induces apoptosis and autophagy in prostate cancer cells and has antitumor activity.
    Eprinomectin
  • HY-N1354
    Reynoutrin
    Reynoutrin (Quercetin-3-D-xyloside) is a flavonoid from Psidium cattleianum, with antioxidant and radical-scavenging activity.
    Reynoutrin
  • HY-N0726
    Dracorhodin perchlorate
    		Activator 99.14%
    Dracorhodin perchlorate (Dracohodin perochlorate) is a natural product. Dracorhodin perchlorate can be obtained from the natural active molecule Dragon's blood. Dracorhodin perchlorate inhibits PI3K/Akt and NF-κB activation, upregulates p53 expression, activates caspase, produces ROS, and promotes Apoptosis. Dracorhodin perchlorate regulates the TLR4. Dracorhodin perchlorate promotes wound healing, improves diabetes. Dracorhodin perchlorate has anti-tumor activity against prostate cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and other cancers.
    Dracorhodin perchlorate
  • HY-16992A
    W-54011
    		Inhibitor 99.57%
    W-54011 is a potent and orally active non-peptide C5a receptor antagonist. W-54011 inhibits the binding of 125I-labeled C5a to human neutrophils with a Ki value of 2.2 nM. W-54011 also inhibits C5a-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, chemotaxis, and generation of ROS in human neutrophils with IC50s of 3.1 nM, 2.7 nM, and 1.6 nM, respectively.
    W-54011
  • HY-B0847
    Propiconazole
    		Activator 99.92%
    Propiconazole is an orally active N-substituted triazole used as a fungicide. Propiconazole is a mouse liver hepatotoxicant and a hepatocarcinogen that has adverse reproductive and developmental toxicities in experimental animals.
    Propiconazole
  • HY-123533A
    Resorufin sodium salt
    		99.56%
    Resorufin sodium salt (NSC 12097) is a highly fluorescent pink dye. Resorufin sodium salt shows favorable properties such as water solubility, red-shifted absorption/emission signals. Resorufin sodium salt is used for the detection of ROS/RNS and a second analyte.
    Resorufin sodium salt
  • HY-19696B
    Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    Tauroursodeoxycholate dehydrate is an orally active taurine conjugate of Ursodeoxycholic acid (HY-13771). Tauroursodeoxycholate dehydrate inhibits caspase-3/7, Apoptosis, IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB, prevents JNK phosphorylation, inhibits ROS generation, and activates Akt signaling. Tauroursodeoxycholate dehydrate prevents cataract formation, reduces renal tubular damage in type 2 diabetic mice, reduces I/R injury in liver, and inhibits intestinal inflammation and barrier disruption in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
    Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate
  • HY-130015
    HKSOX-1 (5/6-mixture)
    		98.99%
    HKSOX-1 (5/6-mixture) is a fluorescent probe which is used for imaging and detection of endogenous superoxide in live cells and in vivo. HKSOX-1 (5/6-mixture) exhibits excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards superoxide anion radical (Ex/Em = 509/534 nm).
    HKSOX-1 (5/6-mixture)
  • HY-149508
    Nrf2-IN-3
    		Inducer 99.19%
    Nrf2-IN-3 (Compound R16) is a small-molecule NRF2 inhibitor and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Nrf2-IN-3 selectively binds KEAP1 mutants and restores their NRF2-inhibitory function by repairing the disrupted KEAP1/NRF2 interactions, leading to proteasome-dependent NRF2 degradation in cells. Nrf2-IN-3 sensitizes KEAP1-mutated tumor cells to Cisplatin (HY-17394), Gefitinib (HY-50895), and KEAP1 G333C-mutated xenograft to Cisplatin .
    Nrf2-IN-3
  • HY-W012575
    2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a degradation product of acid cherry anthocyanins during in vitro cell culture and an analogue of coenzyme Q precursor molecules. 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid can improve the related symptoms of kidney diseases caused by ADCK4/Coq6 deficiency.
    2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
  • HY-135008
    J14
    		Activator 99.91%
    J14 is a reversible sulfiredoxin inhibitor with an IC50 of 8.1 μM. J14 induces oxidative stress (intracellular ROS accumulation) by inhibiting sulfiredoxin, leading to cytotoxicity and cancer cell death.
    J14
  • HY-B0849
    Azoxystrobin
    		Activator 98.09%
    Azoxystrobin is an orally active, broad-spectrum β-methoxyacrylate fungicide. Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibiting electron transfer. Azoxystrobin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell apoptosis.
    Azoxystrobin
  • HY-D0187R
    L-Glutathione reduced (Standard)
    L-Glutathione reduced (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Glutathione reduced. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Glutathione reduced (GSH; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.
    L-Glutathione reduced (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity