2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W013275
    MCLA hydrochloride
    		99.81%
    MCLA hydrochloride is a chemiluminescent reagent which can be used to quantify aqueous concentrations of superoxide.
    MCLA hydrochloride
  • HY-B0612
    Lercanidipine
    		Inhibitor 99.65%
    Lercanidipine is a third-generation, lipophilic, brain-penetrant, vascular-selective and orally active dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker with a pIC50 of 7.74 (converts from μM). Lercanidipine has long lasting antihypertensive action as well as reno- and neuro-protective effect. Lercanidipine also shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Lercanidipine can be used in cardiovascular and neurological research.
    Lercanidipine
  • HY-N3245
    Moracin C
    		Inhibitor 99.54%
    Moracin C, a natural product, is an anti-inflammatory agent. Moracin C inhibits LPS-activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) release from cells.
    Moracin C
  • HY-100768
    HTHQ
    		99.89%
    HTHQ (1-O-hexyl-2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone) is a potent lipophilic phenolic antioxidant. HTHQ has considerable anti-oxidative activity by directly reacting with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and scavenging ROS to form more stable free radicals.
    HTHQ
  • HY-N6884
    Bixin
    		Inhibitor 98.81%
    Bixin (BX), isolated from the seeds of Bixa orellana, is a carotenoid, possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-oxidant activities. Bixin treatment ameliorated cardiac dysfunction through inhibiting fibrosis, inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
    Bixin
  • HY-139369
    QD394
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    QD394 is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer that can induce lipid peroxidation, increase intracellular ROS accumulation, inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation, and induce ferroptosis.
    QD394
  • HY-19416
    AEOL-10150 pentachloride
    		≥98.0%
    AEOL-10150 pentachloride is a metalloporphyrin catalytic antioxidant and is a superoxide dismutase mimetic, and protects lungs from radiation-induced injury.
    AEOL-10150 pentachloride
  • HY-N0523A
    Gallic acid hydrate
    		99.81%
    Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) hydrate is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid hydrate has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities.
    Gallic acid hydrate
  • HY-N3307
    (+)-Medioresinol
    		Activator 98.88%
    (+)-Medioresinol is a furofuran type lignan with antifungal, antibacterial and lesishmanicidal activities. (+)-Medioresinol leads to intracellular ROS accumulation and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic cell death in Candida albicans. (+)-Medioresinol can reduce the cardiovascular disease risk.
    (+)-Medioresinol
  • HY-147803
    TrxR-IN-5
    		Inhibitor 98.07%
    TrxR-IN-5 (compound 4f) is a potent TrxR (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.16 μM. TrxR-IN-5 increases the levels of ROS, thus leading to potent antiproliferative effects. TrxR-IN-5 exhibits prominent anticacer and anti-metastasis effects.
    TrxR-IN-5
  • HY-A0278
    Hexaconazole
    		98.11%
    Hexaconazole is a systemic fungicide used for the control of many fungi particularly Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes.
    Hexaconazole
  • HY-142956
    ROS-ERS inducer 1
    		99.65%
    ROS-ERS inducer 1 is a type II ICD (immunogenic cell death) inducer. ROS-ERS inducer 1 is a Pt(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene (Pt(II)-NHC) complex derived from 4,5-diarylimidazole. ROS-ERS inducer 1 successfully induces endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and finally lead to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in HCC cells. ROS-ERS inducer 1 displays much higher anticancer activities than Cisplatin.
    ROS-ERS inducer 1
  • HY-136563
    RA375
    		Activator 99.31%
    RA375 is a RPN13 (26S proteasome regulatory subunit) inhibitor. RA375 activates UPR signaling, ROS production and apoptosis. RA375 exhibits ten-fold greater activity against cancer lines than RA190, reflecting its nitro ring substituents and the addition of a chloroacetamide warhead.
    RA375
  • HY-N0337S
    Eugenol-d3
    		99.86%
    Eugenol-d3 is the deuterium labeled Eugenol. Eugenol is an essential oil found in cloves with antibacterial, anthelmintic and antioxidant activity. Eugenol is shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
    Eugenol-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N2035
    Moslosooflavone
    		Inhibitor 99.71%
    Moslosooflavone is a flavonoid isolated from Andrographis paniculata. Moslosooflavone has an anti-hypoxia and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Moslosooflavone
  • HY-N2454
    β-Elemonic acid
    		Activator 99.90%
    β-Elemonic acid is a triterpene isolated from Boswellia carterii. β-Elemonic acid induces cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and COX-2 expression and inhibits prolyl endopeptidase. β-Elemonic acid exhibits anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects.
    β-Elemonic acid
  • HY-N10093
    Chamaejasmine
    		Inducer 98.17%
    Chamaejasmine is a biflavonoid that can be isolated from the roots of Stellera chamaejasme L. Chamaejasmine has antitumor activity. Chamaejasmine induces cell apoptosis, autophagy and ROS production, and activates the activity of AMPK/mTOR signal pathway.
    Chamaejasmine
  • HY-A0068
    Aurothioglucose
    		Inducer
    Aurothioglucose (Gold thioglucose), containing monovalent gold ion, is a potent active-site inhibitor of TrxR1 (thioredoxin reductase 1), with an IC50 of 65 nM. Aurothioglucose inhibits the DNA binding of NF-κB in vitro. Aurothioglucose shows anti-HIV and anti-rheumatic activities.
    Aurothioglucose
  • HY-136409
    N-Decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone
    		Inducer 99.43%
    N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL) is a N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone can inhibit primary root growth in Arabidopsis. N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone triggers a transient and immediate increase in the concentrations of cytosolic free Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS), increases the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MPK6), and induces nitric oxide (NO) production in Arabidopsis roots.
    N-Decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone
  • HY-107426
    Verrucarin A
    		Activator 99.89%
    Verrucarin A (Muconomycin A), a Type D macrocyclic mycotoxin derived from the pathogen fungus Myrothecium verrucaria, is an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Verrucarin A inhibits growth of leukemia cell lines and activates caspases and apoptosis and inflammatory signaling in macrophages. Verrucarin A effectively increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and diminished the phosphorylation of ERK/Akt. Verrucarin A caused cell cycle deregulation through the induction of p21 and p53.
    Verrucarin A
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity