2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-149508
    Nrf2-IN-3
    		Inducer 99.19%
    Nrf2-IN-3 (Compound R16) is a small-molecule NRF2 inhibitor and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Nrf2-IN-3 selectively binds KEAP1 mutants and restores their NRF2-inhibitory function by repairing the disrupted KEAP1/NRF2 interactions, leading to proteasome-dependent NRF2 degradation in cells. Nrf2-IN-3 sensitizes KEAP1-mutated tumor cells to Cisplatin (HY-17394), Gefitinib (HY-50895), and KEAP1 G333C-mutated xenograft to Cisplatin .
    Nrf2-IN-3
  • HY-113149A
    Argininosuccinic acid disodium
    		Inducer
    Argininosuccinic acid disodium is an intermediate metabolite in the urea cycle, and its level is associated with argininosuccinic aciduria. Argininosuccinic acid disodium can induce oxidative stress, leading to lipid and protein oxidation, reduction of glutathione, and decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity. Argininosuccinic acid disodium can be converted into guanidinosuccinic acid, a nitric oxide mimic, under the action of nitric oxide-derived free radicals. Argininosuccinic acid disodium can be used in the research of metabolic diseases, renal failure, nervous system diseases, etc.
    Argininosuccinic acid disodium
  • HY-N2410
    N-trans-Feruloyltyramine
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    N-trans-Feruloyltyramine (N-feruloyltyramine), an alkaloid, is a potent antioxidant. N-trans-Feruloyltyramine improves H2O2-induced intracellular ROS generation and decreases apoptosis. N-trans-Feruloyltyramine has the potential for oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative conditions and cancer research.
    N-trans-Feruloyltyramine
  • HY-D0187S
    L-Glutathione reduced-13C2,15N
    		≥99.99%
    L-Glutathione reduced-13C2,15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Glutathione reduced. L-Glutathione reduced (GSH) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.
    L-Glutathione reduced-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-13755A
    (R)-Sulforaphane
    		Inhibitor 99.48%
    (R)-Sulforaphane (L-Sulforaphane) is a orally active, potent inducer of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway, exhibiting antioxidant and anticancer activities. (R)-Sulforaphane primarily functions by upregulating phase II detoxifying enzymes in cells, aiding in the removal of carcinogens and combating oxidative stress. (R)-Sulforaphane is capable of modulating gene expression, influencing various signaling pathways, including Nrf2, NF-κB, and AP-1. (R)-Sulforaphane can be used in studies of tumor biology, antioxidant defense mechanisms, as well as inflammation and immune responses.
    (R)-Sulforaphane
  • HY-B0612A
    Lercanidipine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Lercanidipine is a third-generation, lipophilic, brain-penetrant, vascular-selective and orally active dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker with a pIC50 of 7.74 (converts from μM). Lercanidipine has long lasting antihypertensive action as well as reno- and neuro-protective effect. Lercanidipine also shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Lercanidipine can be used in cardiovascular and neurological research.
    Lercanidipine hydrochloride
  • HY-100618
    Hispidin
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    Hispidin, a PKC inhibitor and a phenolic compound can be found in Phellinus linteus, has been shown to possess strong anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-dementia properties.
    Hispidin
  • HY-N0805
    Alisol B 23-acetate
    		Activator 99.65%
    Alisol B 23-acetate is an orally active prototerpane-type triterpenoid. Alisol B 23-acetate can be isolated from Alisma orientalis. Alisol B 23-acetate induces Apoptosis, promotes ROS generation, downregulates CDK4/6, MMP-2/9, upregulates cleaved PARP, activates FXR and inhibits Syk. Alisol B 23-acetate has anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. Alisol B 23-acetate protects the kidney from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Alisol B 23-acetate has anticancer activity against ovarian cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, and gastric cancer. Alisol B 23-acetate can be used in the study of atherosclerosis and allergic asthma.
    Alisol B 23-acetate
  • HY-14914
    Azilsartan
    		Inducer 99.68%
    Azilsartan (TAK-536) is an orally active, potent, selective and specific angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonist. Azilsartan induces ROS formation and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Azilsartan shows neuroprotective and anticancer activity. Azilsartan can be used for hypertension and stroke research.
    Azilsartan
  • HY-126861
    2'-Deoxy-5-formylcytidine
    		99.70%
    2'-Deoxy-5-formylcytidine is an effective internal triplet photosensitizer in DNA. 2'-Deoxy-5-formylcytidine could act as a new hot spot in DNA photodamage.
    2'-Deoxy-5-formylcytidine
  • HY-I0508
    Phthalic acid
    		Inducer 99.99%
    Phthalic acid is the final common metabolite of phthalic acid esters (PAEs). Phthalic acid can be used for the synthesis of synthetic agents, such as isophthalic acid (IPA), and terephthalic acid (TPA). Phthalic acid has applications in the preparation of phthalate ester plasticizers. Phthalic acid exhibits mutagenic effect and causes genetic damage in mammalian germ cells.
    Phthalic acid
  • HY-N1412
    1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid
    		99.09%
    1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a caffeoylquinic acid derivative that exhibits antioxidant activity and radical scavenging activity.
    1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid
  • HY-N4187
    Licochalcone D
    		Inducer 99.80%
    Licochalcone D, a flavonoid compound mainly existing in the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is a potent and orally active inhibitor of NF-kappaB (NF-κB) p65. Licochalcone D possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties.
    Licochalcone D
  • HY-14657
    Dantrolene sodium
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    Dantrolene sodium is an orally active, non-competitive glutathione reductase inhibitor with a Ki of 111.6 μM and an IC50 of 52.3 μM. Dantrolene sodium is also a calcium channel protein inhibitor. Dantrolene sodium inhibits the release of Ca2+ from RyR1 and RyR3, which can be beneficial in a variety of pathologies caused by disruptions in calcium homeostasis (e.g., stroke, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and neurodegenerative diseases). Dantrolene sodium offers relief of muscle spasms, malignant hyperthermia, and antitoxic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
    Dantrolene sodium
  • HY-148510
    HKB99
    		Inducer 98.58%
    HKB99 is an allosteric inhibitor of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1). HKB99 induces apoptosis. HKB99 inhibits the formation of invasive pseudopodia and inhibits migration. HKB99 increases the oxidative stress, activates JNK/c-Jun and suppresses AKT and ERK. HKB99 can be used for the research of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
    HKB99
  • HY-N2011
    Octyl gallate
    		99.53%
    Octyl gallate (Progallin O) is widely used as a food additive, with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Octyl gallate (Progallin O) shows selective and sensitive fluorescent property. Octyl gallate shows a marked antiviral effect against HSV-1, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and poliovirus.
    Octyl gallate
  • HY-N3460
    Isorhoifolin
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    Isorhoifolin is a flavonoid glycoside from Hemistepta lyrata. Isorhoifolin displays an anti-leakage effect.
    Isorhoifolin
  • HY-N0733
    Glucosamine hydrochloride
    		98.0%
    Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a dietary supplement. Glucosamine hydrochloride also is a natural constituent of glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage matrix and synovial fluid, which when administered exogenously, exerts pharmacological effects on osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes.
    Glucosamine hydrochloride
  • HY-D1157
    HKPerox-2
    		99.79%
    HKPerox-2 is a highly sensitive green fluorescent probe for the specific detection of H2O2 in living cells with a maximum excitation wavelength and emission wavelength of 520 nm and 543 nm, respectively.
    HKPerox-2
  • HY-133708
    β-Glucogallin
    		Inhibitor 99.82%
    β-Glucogallin is an orally active and selective aldose reductase (AKR1B1) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 58 μM when using Glyceraldehyde (HY-128748) as AKR1B1 substrate. β-Glucogallin reduces ROS, PDGF, RAGE, and NF-κB. β-Glucogallin increases SOD. β-Glucogallin has antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. β-Glucogallin can be used in retinal research.
    β-Glucogallin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity