2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W015229S
    3-Indolepropionic acid-d2
    		99.78%
    3-Indolepropionic acid-d2 is the deuterium labeled 3-Indolepropionic acid. 3-Indolepropionic acid is shown to be a powerful antioxidant and has potential in the treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.
    3-Indolepropionic acid-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-117987
    CPS-11
    		Inducer 99.39%
    CPS-11 (N-(Hydroxymethyl)thalidomide) a Thalidomide (HY-14658) analogue, is a potent anti-cancer agent. CPS-11 inhibits NF-κB, activates NFAT, and repress cytokine expression through elevated ROS. CPS-11 exhibits a wider activity spectrum and higher potency against MM (multiple myeloma) cell lines.
    CPS-11
  • HY-126940
    Furanodiene
    		Activator 99.65%
    Furanodiene is a natural terpenoid isolated from Rhizoma Curcumae. Furanodiene plays anti-cancer effects through anti-angiogenesis and inducing ROS production, DNA strand breaks and apoptosis. Furanodiene suppresseed efflux transporter Pgp (P-glycoprotein) function and reduced Pgp protein level.
    Furanodiene
  • HY-126752
    Ophthalmic acid
    		Activator 99.17%
    Ophthalmic acid, an analogue of GSH, is a marker of oxidative stress and hepatic GSH consumption. Ophthalmic acid is an inhibitor of Glyoxalase I reaction.
    Ophthalmic acid
  • HY-N3260
    Methyllucidone
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Methyllucidone is a neuroprotective agent and an antioxidant that can be isolated from Lindera erythrocarpa Makino. Methyllucidone inhibits the ROS production, and activates antioxidant signaling pathways that include Nrf-2 and PI3K.
    Methyllucidone
  • HY-N3244
    Moracin O
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    Moracin O is a 2-arylbenzofuran isolated from the Morus alba Linn. . Moracin O exhibits potent in vitro inhibitory activity against hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1). Moracin O reduces oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moracin O has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects.
    Moracin O
  • HY-111959
    2-Selenouracil
    		98.90%
    2-Selenouracil is a useful specialized photosensitizer for photodynamical therapy.
    2-Selenouracil
  • HY-N2008
    Luteolin 5-O-glucoside
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Luteolin 5-O-glucoside, a major flavonoidfrom Cirsium maackii, possesses anti-inflammatory activity. Luteolin 5-O-glucoside inhibits LPS-induced NO production and t-BHP-induced ROS generation. Luteolin 5-O-glucoside suppresses the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in macrophages.
    Luteolin 5-O-glucoside
  • HY-12853
    Mesotrione
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    Mesotrione is a herbicide belongs to the benzoylcyclohexanedione family. Mesotrione is a potent and competitive and reversible inhibitor of HPPD enzyme. Mesotrione is selective to maize due to rapid metabolism and relative high tolerance by the susceptible crop plant.
    Mesotrione
  • HY-121577
    Sonlicromanol
    		Modulator 99.75%
    Sonlicromanol (KH176) is an orally active reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulator for the study in mitochondrial disease.
    Sonlicromanol
  • HY-N9447
    Norbergenin
    		Inhibitor 98.31%
    Norbergenin, the O-demethyl derivative of bergenin, shows moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 13 μM in DPPH radical scavenging; 32 μM in superoxide anion scavenging).
    Norbergenin
  • HY-B0691A
    Ecabet sodium
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Ecabet sodium (TA-2711) is currently applied to some gastrointestinal disease by inhibiting the ROS production and improving Helicobacter pylori eradication. Ecabet sodium reduces apoptosis.
    Ecabet sodium
  • HY-23119
    Sodium thiocyanate, GR, 99%
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    Sodium thiocyanate reduces plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, and increases the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels. Sodium thiocyanate also significantly reduces of ROS formation.
    Sodium thiocyanate, GR, 99%
  • HY-W001542
    5-Hydroxyoxindole
    		Inhibitor
    5-Hydroxyoxindole is a structural analog of uric acid. 5-Hydroxyoxindole has DPPH radical scavenging activities and lipid peroxidation-inhibitory activities. 5-Hydroxyoxindole can be used for the research of oxidative stress-mediated disorders.
    5-Hydroxyoxindole
  • HY-15930C
    TMB monosulfate
    		99.99%
    TMB monosulfate is the monosulfate form of TMB (HY-15930). TMB monosulfate is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB monosulfate can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB monosulfate can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.
    TMB monosulfate
  • HY-12033S2
    2-Methoxyestradiol-d5
    		Activator
    2-Methoxyestradiol-d5 is the deuterium labeled 2-Hydroxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa[1][2][3][4][5][6][7].
    2-Methoxyestradiol-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-115292
    Simvastatin hydroxy acid sodium
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    Simvastatin hydroxy acid (Tenivastatin) sodium is a potent HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor. Simvastatin hydroxy acid sodium reduces Indoxyl sulfate-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human cardiomyocytes. Simvastatin hydroxy acid sodium can also modulates OATP3A1 expression in cardiomyocytes and HEK293 cells transfected with the OATP3A1 gene.
    Simvastatin hydroxy acid sodium
  • HY-117433S
    4-Hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide-d4
    		Activator
    4-Hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide-d4 is the deuterium labeled 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide. 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide is the active metabolite form of the proagent Cyclophosphamide. 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide crosslinks DNA and induces T cell apoptosis independent of death receptor activation, but activates mitochondrial death pathways through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide has the potential for lymphomas and autoimmune disorders[1][2].
    4-Hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-18085S1
    Quercetin-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Quercetin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Quercetin. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1].
    Quercetin-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N7935
    Procyanidin B5
    		Inhibitor
    Procyanidin B5 is an antioxidant agent with an IC50 of 0.1 mM in mouse liver homogenate lipid peroxidation assay.
    Procyanidin B5
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity