1. Signaling Pathways
  2. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  3. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-128784
    PK11007
    Activator 98.73%
    PK11007 is a mild thiol alkylator with anticancer activity. PK11007 stabilizes p53 via selective alkylation of two surface-exposed cysteines without compromising its DNA binding activity. PK11007 induces mutant p53 cancer cell death by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.
    PK11007
  • HY-16992A
    W-54011
    Inhibitor 99.57%
    W-54011 is a potent and orally active non-peptide C5a receptor antagonist. W-54011 inhibits the binding of 125I-labeled C5a to human neutrophils with a Ki value of 2.2 nM. W-54011 also inhibits C5a-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, chemotaxis, and generation of ROS in human neutrophils with IC50s of 3.1 nM, 2.7 nM, and 1.6 nM, respectively.
    W-54011
  • HY-B1199
    Nialamide
    Modulator
    Nialamide is a non-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Nialamide inhibits MAO and regulates ROS production. Nialamide induces hyperkinesis in animals, enhances the anticonvulsant effect of Diphenylhydantoin in mice, increases rectal temperature, and enhances the pressor effect of Norepinephrine. Nialamide can be used in the research of depression, inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and hypertension.
    Nialamide
  • HY-N0513
    Loganic acid
    Inhibitor 99.05%
    Loganic acid is an iridoid isolated from cornelian cherry fruits. Loganic acid inhibits NF-κB signaling pathway, activates Nrf2 signaling pathway, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. Loganic acid can modulate diet-induced atherosclerosis and redox status. Loganic acid has strong free radical scavenging activity and remarkable cyto-protective effect against heavy metal mediated toxicity. Loganic acid is orally active.
    Loganic acid
  • HY-B0455
    Lomefloxacin hydrochloride
    Inducer 99.97%
    Lomefloxacin hydrochloride (NY-198 hydrochloride) is an orally active difluoroquinolone antibiotic. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride prevents DNA supercoiling and replication by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerase II. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride induces ROS production and Apoptosis. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride has anticancer effects against melanoma. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride can be used in the study of systemic bacterial infections (such as Salmonella typhimurium infections), skin and melanoma .
    Lomefloxacin hydrochloride
  • HY-W012575
    2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
    Inhibitor 99.90%
    2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a degradation product of acid cherry anthocyanins during in vitro cell culture and an analogue of coenzyme Q precursor molecules. 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid can improve the related symptoms of kidney diseases caused by ADCK4/Coq6 deficiency.
    2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
  • HY-W011370
    Pelargonidin chloride
    Inhibitor 99.10%
    Pelargonidin chloride is an anthocyanidin and also is a scavenger of nitric oxide radical and has antioxidant activities. Pelargonidin inhibits cell viability and induces cell cycle arrest at sub-G1 phase. Pelargonidin chloride increases the mRNA and protein expression of HO-1, NQO1, Nrf2. Pelargonidin chloride improves Aβ-induced memory and learning impairment.
    Pelargonidin chloride
  • HY-N0721
    Neoandrographolide
    Inducer 99.41%
    Neoandrographolide is a diterpenoid compound isolated from Andrographis paniculata. Neoandrographolide inhibits osteoclasts differentiation and bone resorption through inhibition of MAPK/NF-κB/PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/PPAR/CAMK signaling pathway. Neoandrographolide inhibits apoptosis in rat embryonic ventricular cardiomyocytes. Neoandrographolide inhibits iNOS and the generation of ROS, activates eNOS, exhibiting anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic activity.
    Neoandrographolide
  • HY-132989
    Mal-Deferoxamine
    Inhibitor
    Mal-Deferoxamine is a maleamide (Mal)-containing Deferoxamine (HY-B1625). Mal selectively covalently binds to sulfur groups to produce a linking reaction. Mal-Deferoxamine can be combined with radionuclides to synthesize radionuclide drug conjugates (RDCs). RDCs have the ability to specifically target biomolecules and can be used in medical imaging or therapy..
    Mal-Deferoxamine
  • HY-W018197
    2-Phenylacetamide
    Inducer 99.92%
    2-Phenylacetamide is a estrogen-like compound that can be isolated from Lepidium apetalum seeds. 2-Phenylacetamide inhibits p38 MAPK signaling pathway, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, and anti-fibrosis effects. 2-Phenylacetamide is orally active.
    2-Phenylacetamide
  • HY-N4170
    Chebulic acid
    Inhibitor 99.89%
    Chebulic acid is a phenolic acid compound isolated from Terminalia chebula with strong antioxidant activity, which breaks protein cross-links induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and inhibits the formation of AGEs. Chebulic acid is effective in controlling elevated metabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and liver damage, supporting its beneficial role in asthma, diabetes, and liver protection.
    Chebulic acid
  • HY-N0353
    Curdione
    Inhibitor 99.92%
    Curdione ((+)-Curdione) is an orally active sesquiterpenoid. Curdione inhibits platelet aggregation. Curdione induces ferroptosis in colorectal cancer via m6A methylation mediated by METTL14 and YTHDF2. Curdione inhibits ferroptosis in Isoproterenol (HY-B0468)-induced myocardial infarction by regulating the Keap1/Trx1/GPX4 signaling pathway, suppressing oxidative stress (ROS) and apoptosis. Curdione ameliorates Doxorubicin (HY-15142)-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress (ROS) and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Curdione ameliorates sepsis-induced lung injury by inhibiting platelet-mediated neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Curdione ameliorates Bleomycin (HY-17565A)-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. Curdione exhibits neuroprotective effects against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Curdione exerts antiproliferative effects against human uterine leiomyosarcoma by targeting IDO1. Curdione protects vascular endothelial cells and atherosclerosis by regulating DNMT1-mediated ERBB4 promoter methylation. Curdione inhibits inducible prostaglandin E2 production (IC50 = 1.1 μM) and cyclooxygenase 2 expression.
    Curdione
  • HY-145237
    BM213
    Inducer 99.81%
    BM213 is a selective C5aR agonist, with an EC50 of 59 nM. BM213 specifically activates the C5a-C5aR1 axis, which in turn promotes neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and exacerbates inflammatory responses. BM213 significantly induces ventricular dilationin, promotes myocardial ROS production, and induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats. BM213 can be used for the study of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.
    BM213
  • HY-N0726
    Dracorhodin perchlorate
    Activator 99.02%
    Dracorhodin perchlorate (Dracohodin perochlorate) is a natural product that can be obtained from the natural active molecule Dragon's blood. Dracorhodin perchlorate inhibits PI3K/Akt and NF-κB activation, upregulates p53 expression, activates caspase, produces ROS, and promotes Apoptosis. Dracorhodin perchlorate regulates the TLR4. Dracorhodin perchlorate promotes wound healing, improves diabetes. Dracorhodin perchlorate has anti-tumor activity against prostate cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and other cancers.
    Dracorhodin perchlorate
  • HY-117049
    Leucettine L41
    Inhibitor 98.98%
    Leucettine L41 is a potent inhibitor of dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs) and CDC-like kinases (CLKs). Leucettine L41 can also inhibit GSK-3 singnaling. Leucettine L41 can inhibit cell apoptosis and ROS production. Leucettine L41 can promote β-cell cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and increase insulin secretion. Leucettine L41 can be used for the researches of neurological disease and metabolic disease, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and diabetes.
    Leucettine L41
  • HY-108894
    Ferumoxytol
    Inducer
    Ferumoxytol is an iron oxide nanoparticle. Ferumoxytol has anti-leukemic activity, especially against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells with low iron transporter protein (FPN) expression. Ferumoxytol increases intracellular iron content, triggers the Fenton reaction, generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), leads to oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Ferumoxytol can selectively kill leukemic cells with low FPN expression while avoiding toxicity to normal cells. Ferumoxytol can be used to study leukemias with targeted iron metabolism abnormalities.
    Ferumoxytol
  • HY-B0847
    Propiconazole
    Activator 99.92%
    Propiconazole is an orally active N-substituted triazole used as a fungicide. Propiconazole is a mouse liver hepatotoxicant and a hepatocarcinogen that has adverse reproductive and developmental toxicities in experimental animals.
    Propiconazole
  • HY-B0988R
    Deferoxamine mesylate (Standard)
    Inhibitor
    Deferoxamine (mesylate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Deferoxamine (mesylate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Deferoxamine mesylate (Deferoxamine B mesylate) is an iron chelator (binds to Fe(III) and many other metal cations), is widely used to reduce iron accumulation and deposition in tissues. Deferoxamine mesylate upregulates HIF-1α levels with good antioxidant activity. Deferoxamine mesylate also shows anti-proliferative activity, can induce apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Deferoxamine mesylate can be used in studies of diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases as well as anti-cancer and anti-COVID-19.
    Deferoxamine mesylate (Standard)
  • HY-148660
    SFI003
    Inducer 99.75%
    SFI003 is a SRSF3 inhibitor that drives CRC cell apoptosis via the SRSF3/DHCR24/ROS axis and exhibits potent antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo.
    SFI003
  • HY-19696B
    Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate
    Inhibitor 99.96%
    Tauroursodeoxycholate dehydrate is an orally active taurine conjugate of Ursodeoxycholic acid (HY-13771). Tauroursodeoxycholate dehydrate inhibits caspase-3/7, Apoptosis, IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB, prevents JNK phosphorylation, inhibits ROS generation, and activates Akt signaling. Tauroursodeoxycholate dehydrate prevents cataract formation, reduces renal tubular damage in type 2 diabetic mice, reduces I/R injury in liver, and inhibits intestinal inflammation and barrier disruption in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
    Tauroursodeoxycholate dihydrate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity