2. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Apoptosis
  3. Deubiquitinase Apoptosis
  4. b-AP15

b-AP15 is a specific inhibitor of the deubiquitinating enzymes UCHL5 and Usp14.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

b-AP15 Chemical Structure

b-AP15 Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 1009817-63-3

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Customer Review

Based on 8 publication(s) in Google Scholar

b-AP15 Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

View All Deubiquitinase Isoform Specific Products:

View All Isoforms
USP1 USP2 USP7 USP8 USP30 UCHL1

  • Biological Activity

  • Protocol

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

b-AP15 is a specific inhibitor of the deubiquitinating enzymes UCHL5 and Usp14.

IC50 & Target

UCHL5/Usp14[1]
In Vitro

Purified 19S proteasomes (5 nM) are treated with indicated concentrations of b-AP15 and DUB activity is determined by detectionof Ub-AMC cleavage. The IC50 value (2.1±0.411 μM) is determined from log concentration curves in Graph Pad Prism using non linear regression analysis. b-AP15 as a previously unidentified class of proteasome inhibitor that abrogates the deubiquitinating activity of the 19S regulatory particle. b-AP15 inhibited the activity of two 19S regulatory-particle-associated deubiquitinases, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 5 (UCHL5) and ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14 (USP14), resulting in accumulation of polyubiquitin. b-AP15 induced tumor cell apoptosis that is insensitive to TP53 status and overexpression of the apoptosis inhibitor BCL2[1]. The ability of b-AP15 is determined to inhibit proteasome deubiquitinase activity using Ub-AMC as the substrate. An IC50 of 16.8±2.8 μM is observed[2]. b-AP15 is a specific USP14 and UCHL5 inhibitor, which blocks growth and induces apoptosis in MM cells[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

b-AP15 Related Antibodies
In Vivo

b-AP15 (2.5 mg/kg) inhibits tumor growth in syngenic mice models with less frequent administration schedules. We administered b-AP15 to C57BL/6J mice with Lewis lung carcinomas (LLCs) using a 2-d-on, 2-d-off schedule and to BALB/c mice with orthotopic breast carcinoma (4T1) using a 1-d-on, 3-d-off schedule. b-AP15 significantly inhibited tumor growth in both models, with T/C=0.16 (P≤0.01) for the C57BL/6J mice and T/C=0.25 (P≤0.001) for the BALB/c mice. A reduction in the number of pulmonary metastases also is observed in the group of mice with 4T1 breast carcinomas treated with b-AP15[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Molecular Weight

419.39

Formula

C22H17N3O6
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

Light yellow to yellow

SMILES

O=C1/C(CN(C(C=C)=O)C/C1=C\C2=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C2)=C/C3=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C3
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years

*The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 20 mg/mL (47.69 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.3844 mL 11.9221 mL 23.8442 mL
5 mM 0.4769 mL 2.3844 mL 4.7688 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: 2.08 mg/mL (4.96 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.08 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 98.57%

COA (250 KB) HNMR (302 KB) RP-HPLC (245 KB) MS (70 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Kinase Assay
[1]

For deubiquitinase inhibition assays, 19S regulatory particle (5 nM), 26S (5 nM) UCH-L1 (5 nM), UCH-L3 (0.3 nM), USP2CD (5 nM) USP7CD (5 nM) USP8CD (5 nM) or BAP1 (5 nM) is incubated with DMSO or b-AP15 and monitored the cleavage of ubiquitin-AMC (1,000 nM) using a Wallac VICTOR Multilabel counter or a Tecan Infinite M1000 equipped with 380 nm excitation and 460 nm emission filters[1].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Cell Assay
[2]

Cell viability is monitored by either the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay or the MTT assay. For the MTT assay, cells are seeded into 96-well flat-bottomed plates overnight and exposed to drugs, using DMSO as the control. At the end of incubations, 10 µl of a stock solution of 5 mg/mL MTT is added into each well, and the plates are incubated 4 hours at 37°C. Formazan crystals are dissolved with 100 µL 10% SDS/10 mM HCl solution overnight at 37°C. Absorbance is measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plate reader at 590 nm[2].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Animal Administration
[1]

Mice[1]
For the squamous carcinoma model, 1×106 FaDu cells are subcutaneously injected into the right rear flank of female SCID mice. Tumor growth is measured by the formula length×width2×0.44. When tumors have grown to a size of approximately 200 mm3 (defined as day 0), mice are randomized to receive either vehicle (n=10) or b-AP15 (n=15) at 5 mg per kg of body weight by daily subcutaneous injection. For the colon carcinoma model, we subcutaneously injected 2.5×106 HCT-116 colon carcinoma cells overexpressing Bcl2 into the right flank of female nude mice. We treated mice with 5 mg of b-AP15 per kg of body weight by intraperitoneal injection. For the lung carcinoma model, we subcutaneously injected 2×105 LLC cells into the right rear flank of female C57/B6 mice. When tumors had grown to a size of approximately 50 mm3 (defined as day 0), we randomized mice to receive either vehicle (n=4) or b-AP15 (n=4) at 5 mg per kg of body weight intraperitoneally, with a treatment cycle consisting of 2 d of treatment followed by 2 d of rest (2 d on, 2 d off) for 2 weeks.

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 2.3844 mL 11.9221 mL 23.8442 mL 59.6104 mL
5 mM 0.4769 mL 2.3844 mL 4.7688 mL 11.9221 mL
10 mM 0.2384 mL 1.1922 mL 2.3844 mL 5.9610 mL
15 mM 0.1590 mL 0.7948 mL 1.5896 mL 3.9740 mL
20 mM 0.1192 mL 0.5961 mL 1.1922 mL 2.9805 mL
25 mM 0.0954 mL 0.4769 mL 0.9538 mL 2.3844 mL
30 mM 0.0795 mL 0.3974 mL 0.7948 mL 1.9870 mL
40 mM 0.0596 mL 0.2981 mL 0.5961 mL 1.4903 mL
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b-AP15 Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

b-AP151009817-63-3NSC 687852NSC687852NSC-687852DeubiquitinaseApoptosisDUBsInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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