Enoxacin  (Synonyms: AT 2266; CI 919)

Enoxacin (AT 2266), a fluoroquinolone, interferes with DNA replication and inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase (IC₅₀=126 µg/ml) and topoisomerase IV (IC₅₀=26.5 µg/ml). Enoxacin is a miRNA processing activator and enhances siRNA-mediated mRNA degradation and promotes the biogenesis of endogenous miRNAs. Enoxacin has potent activities against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Enoxacin is a cancer-specific growth inhibitor that acts by enhancing TAR RNA-binding protein 2 (TRBP)-mediated microRNA processing^[1][2][3][4].

Enoxacin (AT 2266) increases siGFP-mediated gene knockdown mediated by siRNA against EGFP in HEK293 cells-based reporter system in a dose-dependent manner, with a median effective concentration (EC50) of ~30 µM, whereas it has no effect on the cells expressing GFP only. Enoxacin (50 µM) promotes the processing of miRNAs and the loading of siRNA duplexes onto RISCs in HEK293 cells^[3].
Enoxacin has no effect on the processing of pre-let-7 or pre-miR-30a by Dicer alone. However, the addition of Enoxacin can enhance the processing of let-7 or pre-miR-30a by Dicer and TRBP together^[3].
Enoxacin inhibits 90% Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Aeromonas sp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., Proteus mirabilis, and Morganella morganii at less than or equal to 0.8 micrograms/ml^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Enoxacin (AT 2266; 100 µM; 2 µl; injected into ear once a day for 3 consecutive days (days 12, 13 and 14)) enhances the the GFP mRNA knockdown efficiency by Lv-siGFP (from 80% to 60%; 40% GFP mRNA level remained), whereas alone has no effect on GFP expression in GFP transgenic line C57BL/6-Tg(ACTB-EGFP)1Osb/J (10 d old) with lentivirus expressing shGFP (Lv-siGFP; injected into ear for 10 days)^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

320.32

C₁₅H₁₇FN₄O₃

74011-58-8

Solid

White to off-white

O=C(C1=CN(CC)C2=C(C=C(F)C(N3CCNCC3)=N2)C1=O)O

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

4°C, protect from light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

• [1]. Sonia Melo, et al.Small molecule enoxacin is a cancer-specific growth inhibitor that acts by enhancing TAR RNA-binding protein 2-mediated microRNA processing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Mar 15;108(11):4394-9.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. M Takei, et al. Target preference of 15 quinolones against Staphylococcus aureus, based on antibacterial activities and target inhibition. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Dec;45(12):3544-7.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Ge Shan, et al. A small molecule enhances RNA interference and promotes microRNA processing. Nat Biotechnol. 2008 Aug;26(8):933-40.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Rengen Fan, et al. Small molecules with big roles in microRNA chemical biology and microRNA-targeted therapeutics. RNA Biol. 2019 Jun;16(6):707-718.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Chin, N.-X. and H.C. Neu, In vitro activity of enoxacin, a quinolone carboxylic acid, compared with those of norfloxacin, new beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 1983. 24(5): p. 754-763.  [Content Brief]