Ethambutol

Name: Ethambutol
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-B0535
Rating: 4.5 (1 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-B0535 Purity: ≥98.0%: FAQs
Data Sheet SDS COA Handling Instructions Technical Support

Ethambutol is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial agent, which obstructs the formation of cell wall by inhibiting arabinosyl transferases.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Ethambutol Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 74-55-5

Size	Stock	Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
5 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
10 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
25 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
50 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
100 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
200 mg	Get quote
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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Ethambutol:

Ethambutol dihydrochloride In-stock
Ethambutol-d₄ Get quote
Ethambutol-d₁₀ Get quote
Ethambutol-d₈ Get quote
Ethambutol (dihydrochloride) (Standard) Get quote

1 Publications Citing Use of MCE Ethambutol

•ACS Chem Biol. 2021 Dec 15. [Abstract]

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Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

Ethambutol is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial agent, which obstructs the formation of cell wall by inhibiting arabinosyl transferases. Target: Antibacterial Ethambutol directly affects two polymers, arabinogalactan (AG) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in Mycobacterium smegmatis. In M. smegmatis, Ethambutol inhibits synthesis of arabinan completely and inhibits AG synthesis most likely as a consequence of this; more than 50% of the cell arabinan is released from the bacteria following Ethambutol treatment, whereas no galactan is released. Ethambutol main targets against embB gene product in M. avium. Ethambutol induces 60% changes in the embB gene in M. tuberculosis resistant mutants [1]. Ethambutol is effective against actively growing microorganisms of the genus Mycobacterium, including M. tuberculosis. Nearly all strains of M. tuberculosis and M. kansasii as well as a number of strains of the M. aviumcomplex (MAC) are sensitive to Ethambutol. [1] Ethambutol is potency against M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) with MIC of 0.5 μg/mL in vitro [2]. Ethambutol is efficient on treatment of mycobacterial-infected macrophages. When M. tuberculosis infected macrophages are treated with 6 μg/mL Ethambutol, the log CFUs following treatment for 3 days is 4.17, while value in control group is 4.8. The MICs for M. avium (MTCC 1723) and M. smegmatis (MTCC 6) are 15 μg/mL and 0.18 μg/mL, respectively. Ethambutol is efficient in animal model. 100 mg/kg Ethambutol given orally 15 days post i.v. infection 1 ×/week for 5 weeks, induces a lower log CFU compared with untreatment (4.59 vs 5.07) [3].

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
BMDM	CC₅₀	100 μg/mL Compound: Ethambutol	Cytotoxicity against Swiss mouse BMDM assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTS assay Cytotoxicity against Swiss mouse BMDM assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 28712709]
HepG2	CC₅₀	> 400 μg/mL Compound: EMB	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 33940463]
MRC5	CC₅₀	> 10 μg/mL Compound: EMB	Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells after 24 hrs Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells after 24 hrs	[PMID: 26254828]
RAW264.7	CC₅₀	≥ 400 μg/mL Compound: EMB	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 33940463]
THP-1	EC₅₀	5.38 mg/L Compound: Ethambutol	Antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium avium ATCC 700898 infected in human THP1 cells assessed as extracellular bacterial killing after 7 days Antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium avium ATCC 700898 infected in human THP1 cells assessed as extracellular bacterial killing after 7 days	[PMID: 20231389]
THP-1	EC₅₀	7.93 mg/L Compound: Ethambutol	Antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium avium ATCC 700898 infected in human THP1 cells assessed as intracellular bacterial killing after 7 days Antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium avium ATCC 700898 infected in human THP1 cells assessed as intracellular bacterial killing after 7 days	[PMID: 20231389]
Vero	IC₅₀	> 150 μg/mL Compound: ethambutol	Cytotoxicity against Vero cells after 48 hrs by XTT method Cytotoxicity against Vero cells after 48 hrs by XTT method	[PMID: 17888665]
Vero	CC₅₀	> 188.5 μM Compound: Ethambutol	Cytotoxicity against Chlorocebus aethiops (African green monkey) Vero cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hr by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against Chlorocebus aethiops (African green monkey) Vero cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hr by MTT assay	10.1007/s00044-011-9638-9
Vero	IC₅₀	> 200 μg/mL Compound: EMB	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30145051]
Vero	IC₅₀	> 305.9 μM Compound: Ethambutol	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 19942326]
Vero	IC₅₀	> 305.9 μM Compound: ethambutol	Cytotoxicity against Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 17276683]
Vero	IC₅₀	> 50 μg/mL Compound: Ethambutol	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24044875]
Vero	CC₅₀	> 500 μM Compound: EMB	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22626551]
Vero	IC₅₀	> 6.25 μg/mL Compound: Ethambutol	Cytotoxicity against monkey Vero cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against monkey Vero cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 28552337]
Vero	IC₅₀	> 62.5 μg/mL Compound: Ethambutol	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24721315]
Vero	IC₅₀	> 62.5 μg/mL Compound: Ethambutol	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 23352268]
Vero	CC₅₀	1470 μM Compound: EMB	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21376586]
Vero	CC₅₀	38.51 μg/mL Compound: A, ETB	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by resazurin assay Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by resazurin assay	[PMID: 23474387]
Vero	IC₅₀	390.93 μg/mL Compound: EMB	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by trypan blue staining based assay Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by trypan blue staining based assay	[PMID: 28844400]

In Vivo

Induction of Hyperuricaemic Disease^[4]^[5]

Background

Elevated uric acid levels can lead to crystal deposition and may cause gout, urolithiasis, and urate nephropathy. Ethambutol can cause increased uric acid levels by reducing renal uric acid clearance, ultimately leading to hyperuricemia^[4]^[5].

Specific Mmodeling Methods

Rat^[4]: male • Wistar rats • SPF • 200-220 g
Administrtion: 250 mg/kg • intragastric administration • once daily for 23 days

Note

Modeling Record

Pathological changes: Pathological damage and inflammatory reaction in the thymus and spleen; thymus atrophy, cortical medullary fusion; splenic sinus congestion, with iron yellow deposition.
Physiological changes: serum uric acid level ↑; sparse cells, increased number of tissue cells, and decreased number of lymphocytes.
Molecular changes: URAT1 level ↑, OAT1 level ↓ in kidney homogenate.

Correlated Product(s): Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors

Induction of Optic Neuropathy^[6]

Background

Ethambutol treatment can cause binocular toxicity at certain doses and durations. There is currently no clear treatment to prevent damage to retinal neuronal cells in cases of ethhambutol-induced optic neuropathy (EON).

Specific Mmodeling Methods

Rat^[6]: Wistar rats • Administration: 35 mg/kg/day &bull po for 30 days

Note

Modeling Record

Molecular changes: Bcl-2, Caspase-3 expression levels ↑.
Pathological indicators: Ganglion cell damage, increased density of retinal ganglion cells (RGC); RGC cell layer thickened due to vacuoles formed in the ganglion cell cytoplasm.

Correlated Product(s): Citicoline (HY-B0739)

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial

Molecular Weight

204.31

Formula

C₁₀H₂₄N₂O₂

CAS No.

74-55-5

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

CC[C@H](NCCN[C@@H](CC)CO)CO

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (489.45 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	4.8945 mL	24.4726 mL	48.9452 mL
5 mM	0.9789 mL	4.8945 mL	9.7890 mL
10 mM	0.4895 mL	2.4473 mL	4.8945 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

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In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Purity: ≥98.0%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (276 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (243 KB) HNMR (140 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Ethambutol. Tuberculosis (Edinb), 2008. 88(2): p. 102-5. [Content Brief]

[2]. Rastogi, N., V. Labrousse, and K.S. Goh, In vitro activities of fourteen antimicrobial agents against drug susceptible and resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and comparative intracellular activities against the virulent H37Rv strain in human macrophages. Curr Microbiol, 1996. 33(3): p. 167-75. [Content Brief]

[3]. Kaur, D. and G.K. Khuller, In vitro, ex-vivo and in vivo activities of ethambutol and sparfloxacin alone and in combination against mycobacteria. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2001. 17(1): p. 51-5. [Content Brief]

[4]. Kang L, Miao JX, Cao LH, Miao YY, Miao MS, Liu HJ, Xiang LL, Song YG. Total glucosides of herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) flower attenuate adenine- and ethambutol-induced hyperuricaemia in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Oct 28;261:113054. [Content Brief]

[5]. Pham AQ, Doan A, Andersen M. Pyrazinamide-induced hyperuricemia. P T. 2014 Oct;39(10):695-715. [Content Brief]

[6]. Nusanti S, Sari RI, Siregar NC, Sidik M. The Effect of Citicoline on Ethambutol Optic Neuropathy: Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry Analysis of Retina Ganglion Cell Damage Level in Rat Model. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2022 Oct;38(8):584-589. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

DMSO	1 mM	4.8945 mL	24.4726 mL	48.9452 mL	122.3631 mL
	5 mM	0.9789 mL	4.8945 mL	9.7890 mL	24.4726 mL
	10 mM	0.4895 mL	2.4473 mL	4.8945 mL	12.2363 mL
	15 mM	0.3263 mL	1.6315 mL	3.2630 mL	8.1575 mL
	20 mM	0.2447 mL	1.2236 mL	2.4473 mL	6.1182 mL
	25 mM	0.1958 mL	0.9789 mL	1.9578 mL	4.8945 mL
	30 mM	0.1632 mL	0.8158 mL	1.6315 mL	4.0788 mL
	40 mM	0.1224 mL	0.6118 mL	1.2236 mL	3.0591 mL
	50 mM	0.0979 mL	0.4895 mL	0.9789 mL	2.4473 mL
	60 mM	0.0816 mL	0.4079 mL	0.8158 mL	2.0394 mL
	80 mM	0.0612 mL	0.3059 mL	0.6118 mL	1.5295 mL
	100 mM	0.0489 mL	0.2447 mL	0.4895 mL	1.2236 mL

Ethambutol Related Classifications

Infection

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Ethambutol74-55-5BacterialAntibioticInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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Ethambutol

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Ethambutol Related Antibodies

1 Publications Citing Use of MCE Ethambutol

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Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Ethambutol Related Classifications

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