disulfide bonds

By Targets:	PDI (2) ADC Linker (1) Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) (1) Biochemical Assay Reagents (7) Calcium Channel (1) Disulfidptosis (2) DNA/RNA Synthesis (1) Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC (1) GLUT (2) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (2) Liposome (3) Microtubule/Tubulin (1) Phosphatase (1)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (6) Inflammation/Immunology (4) Metabolic Disease (2) Neurological Disease (3)
Oligonucleotides:	Cationic Lipids (3)

Targets Recommended: PDI

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-E70364

IgdE protease	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Inflammation/Immunology
IgdE protease is a cysteine protease, which is initially isolated from Streptococcus agalactiae. IgdE protease digests monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of the IgG1 type specifically at their upper hinge region, produces Fc/2, hinge peptide dimers, and Fab fragment. IgdE protease can be used in disulfide bonds and free thiol analysis, as it requires no reducing agents for cleavage .

HY-Y1666

2,2′-Dipyridyl disulfide	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
2,2′-Dipyridyl disulfide is a useful reagent for the determination of sulfhydryl groups. 2,2′-Dipyridyl disulfide is a common reagent in peptide chemistry, often used in oxidation–reduction condensations to form peptide bonds or in coupling reactions to form disulfide-linked heterodimers .

HY-15917A

L-Dithiothreitol 1 Publications Verification	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
L-Dithiothreitol (DTT) is a reducing agent commonly used in various biochemical applications to break disulfide bonds in proteins, thereby denaturing proteins or preventing the formation of unwanted aggregates. DTT has a unique chemical property that cleaves the sulfur-sulfur bond in the disulfide bond to form a sulfhydryl group. This makes it a useful tool for protein purification, enzyme assays, and protein structure studies.

HY-100432

LOC14 2 Publications Verification	PDI	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
LOC14 is a potent Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) inhibitor with EC₅₀ and K_d values of 500 nM and 62 nM, respectively. LOC14 exhibits high stability in mouse liver microsomes and blood plasma, low intrinsic microsome clearance, and low plasma-protein binding . LOC14 inhibits PDIA3 activity, decreases intramolecular disulfide bonds and subsequent oligomerization (maturation) of HA in lung epithelial cells .

HY-W105699

EDTA tetrasodium tetrahydrate Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium tetrahydrate	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
EDTA tetrasodium tetrahydrate is a metal chelator (binds to metal divalent and trivalent cations including calcium), which shows activities of anticoagulant and anti-hypercalcemic. EDTA tetrasodium tetrahydrate decreases the metal ion-catalyzed oxidative damage to proteins, and allows maintenance of reducing environment during protein purification. EDTA tetrasodium tetrahydrate can also decrease the formation of disulfide bonds .

HY-W590531

80-O16B	Biochemical Assay Reagents Liposome	Others
80-O16B is an ionizable cationic lipid containing disulfide bonds that can be used to prepare lipid nanoparticles (LNP) .

HY-E70393A

Human Factor IXa Beta	Others	Metabolic Disease
Human Factor IXa Beta is composed of two polypeptide chains held together by disulfide bonds. Human Factor IXa Beta shows clotting activity .

HY-131817

5'-GMPS	DNA/RNA Synthesis	Others
5'-GMPS is an analogue of 5'-GMP and a substrate, competitive inhibitor or regulator of enzymes that interact with 5'-GMP. 5'-GMPS is suitable as a primer of RNA synthesis by T7 RNA polymerase .

HY-129654

MTSES sodium Sodium (2-Sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate	Others	Others
MTSES sodium (Sodium (2-Sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate) is a negatively charged, membrane-impermeable methanethiosulfonate (MTS). MTS is a compound that reacts with sulfhydryl groups to form mixed disulfide bonds and is often used to study cysteine ??residues on proteins.

HY-P3269

Calciseptin	Calcium Channel	Others
Calciseptine, a natural?neurotoxin?isolated from the black mamba Dendroaspis p. polylepis venom. Calciseptine consists of 60 amino acids with four disulfide bonds. Calciseptine specifically blocks L-type?calcium channel_[1].

HY-100216

SPDP 5 Publications Verification SPDP Crosslinker; Py-ds-Prp-OSu	ADC Linker	Cancer
SPDP (SPDP Crosslinker) is a short-chain crosslinker for amine-to-sulfhydryl conjugation via NHS-ester and pyridyldithiol reactive groups that form cleavable (reducible) disulfide bonds with cysteine sulfhydryls. It is a glutathione cleavable ADC linker used for the antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) .

HY-159711

PPPDA-O16B	Liposome	Cancer
PPPDA-O16B is a lipid containing disulfide bonds used for DNA delivery. PPPDA-O16B can encapsulate DNA plasmid, releasing DNA selectively via lipid degradation catalyzed by GSH .

HY-Y0682S

EDTA-d12 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-d₁₂	Isotope-Labeled Compounds	Neurological Disease
EDTA-d₁₂ is the deuterium labeled Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid[1]. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a metal chelators (binds to metal divalent and trivalent cations including calcium), which shows activities of anticoagulant and anti-hypercalcemic. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid decreases the metal ion-catalyzed oxidative damage to proteins, and allows maintenance of reducing environment during protein purification. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid can also decrease the formation of disulfide bonds[2][3][4].

HY-Y0682S1

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-d16 EDTA-d₁₆	Isotope-Labeled Compounds	Neurological Disease
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-d₁₆ is the deuterium labeled Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid[1]. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a metal chelators (binds to metal divalent and trivalent cations including calcium), which shows activities of anticoagulant and anti-hypercalcemic. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid decreases the metal ion-catalyzed oxidative damage to proteins, and allows maintenance of reducing environment during protein purification. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid can also decrease the formation of disulfide bonds[2][3][4].

HY-139306

BAMEA-O16B	Liposome	Inflammation/Immunology
BAMEAO16B is a lipid nanoparticle. BAMEAO16B integrated with disulfide bonds, can efficiently deliver Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA into cells while releasing RNA in response to the reductive intracellular environment for genome editing. BAMEAO16B can be used for the research of gene editing .

HY-126493

DM4-SPDP	Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC Microtubule/Tubulin	Cancer
DM4-SPDP is a agent-linker conjugate composed of a potent antitubulin agent DM4 and a linker SMCC to make antibody agent conjugate . SPDP is a short-chain crosslinker for amine-to-sulfhydryl conjugation via NHS-ester and pyridyldithiol reactive groups that form cleavable (reducible) disulfide bonds with cysteine sulfhydryls .

HY-100017

BAY-876 Maximum Cited Publications 28 Publications Verification	GLUT Disulfidptosis	Cancer
BAY-876 is an orally active and selective glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 2 nM. BAY-876 is >130-fold more selective for GLUT1 than GLUT2, GLUT3, and GLUT4. BAY-876 is also a potent blocker of glycolytic metabolism and ovarian cancer growth. In addition, BAY-876 can induce the formation of disulfide bonds in actin cytoskeletal proteins, leading to the occurrence of cellular disulfidptosis .

HY-P99612

Farletuzumab ecteribulin MORAb-202	Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs)	Cancer
Farletuzumab ecteribulin (MORAb-202) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), consisting of the humanized anti-human folate receptor alpha (FRA) antibody Farletuzumab (HY-P99153) conjugated via reduced interchain disulfide bonds to Mal-PEG2-Val-Cit-PAB-eribulin. Farletuzumab ecteribulin has a agent-to-antibody ratio of 4.0. Farletuzumab ecteribulin is highly cytotoxic to FRA-positive cells in vitro. Farletuzumab ecteribulin has potent antitumor activity.

HY-145597

KL-11743 1 Publications Verification	GLUT Disulfidptosis	Metabolic Disease Cancer
KL-11743 is a potent, orally active, and glucose-competitive inhibitor of the class I glucose transporters, with IC₅₀s of 115, 137, 90, and 68 nM for GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, and GLUT4, respectively. KL-11743 specifically blocks glucose metabolism. KL-11743 can synergize with electron transport inhibitors to induce cell death. In addition, KL-11743 can induce the formation of disulfide bonds in actin cytoskeletal proteins, leading to the occurrence of cellular disulfidptosis .

HY-W010572

1-Thioglycerol alpha-Thioglycerol	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
1-Thioglycerol, commonly used as a reducing agent in various biochemical and biophysical applications, especially in protein chemistry and molecular biology, it can protect proteins from oxidation and denaturation, and can reduce disulfide bonds to thiols base, which can then be modified or analyzed. In addition, 1-Thioglycerol has been investigated for potential medical applications, including as an inhibitor of cystic fibrosis, which may help improve the function of lung cells, and has also been studied for Used in the preparation of metal nanoparticles and as a stabilizer for certain pharmaceutical preparations.

HY-W010572R

1-Thioglycerol (Standard)	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
1-Thioglycerol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 1-Thioglycerol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 1-Thioglycerol, commonly used as a reducing agent in various biochemical and biophysical applications, especially in protein chemistry and molecular biology, it can protect proteins from oxidation and denaturation, and can reduce disulfide bonds to thiols base, which can then be modified or analyzed. In addition, 1-Thioglycerol has been investigated for potential medical applications, including as an inhibitor of cystic fibrosis, which may help improve the function of lung cells, and has also been studied for Used in the preparation of metal nanoparticles and as a stabilizer for certain pharmaceutical preparations.

HY-116748

(±)-trans-1,2-Bis(2-mercaptoacetamido)cyclohexane	PDI Phosphatase
(±)-trans-1,2-Bis(2-mercaptoacetamido)cyclohexane is a small-molecule dithiol catalyst with a low thiol pK_a value (8.3) and high reduction potential (-0.24 V), capable of mimicking PDI activity. It catalyzes the activation of scrambled ribonuclease A (scrambled ribonuclease A) and promotes the formation of native disulfide bonds, thereby significantly enhancing protein folding efficiency. Adding (±)-trans-1,2-Bis(2-mercaptoacetamido)cyclohexane to the culture medium of Saccharomyces cerevisiae can increase the secretion of exogenously expressed Schizosaccharomyces pombe acid phosphatase by more than threefold. (±)-trans-1,2-Bis(2-mercaptoacetamido)cyclohexane holds great potential for applications in protein production and secretion research .

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L036

Covalent Screening Library	1,456 compounds
Small molecule covalent inhibitors, or irreversible inhibitors, are a type of inhibitors that exert their biological functions by irreversibly binding to target through covalent bonds. Compared with non-covalent inhibitors, covalent inhibitors have obvious advantages in bioactivity, such that covalent warheads can target rare residues of a particular target protein, thus leading to the development of highly selective inhibitors and achieving a more complete and continued target occupancy in living systems. In recent years, the distinct strengths of covalent inhibitors in overcoming drug resistance had been recognized. However, toxicity can be a real challenge related to this class of therapeutics due to their potential for off-target reactivity and has led to these drugs being disfavored as a drug class. The drug design and optimization of covalent inhibitors has become a hot spot in drug discovery. MCE covalent inhibitor library contains 1,456 small molecules including identified covalent inhibitors and other bioactive molecules having common covalent reactive groups as warheads, such as acrylamides, activated terminal acetylenes, Sulfonyl fluorides/esters, cloracetamides, alkyl halides, epoxides, aziridines, disulfides, etc.

Covalent Screening Library

1,456 compounds

Small molecule covalent inhibitors, or irreversible inhibitors, are a type of inhibitors that exert their biological functions by irreversibly binding to target through covalent bonds. Compared with non-covalent inhibitors, covalent inhibitors have obvious advantages in bioactivity, such that covalent warheads can target rare residues of a particular target protein, thus leading to the development of highly selective inhibitors and achieving a more complete and continued target occupancy in living systems. In recent years, the distinct strengths of covalent inhibitors in overcoming drug resistance had been recognized. However, toxicity can be a real challenge related to this class of therapeutics due to their potential for off-target reactivity and has led to these drugs being disfavored as a drug class. The drug design and optimization of covalent inhibitors has become a hot spot in drug discovery.

MCE covalent inhibitor library contains 1,456 small molecules including identified covalent inhibitors and other bioactive molecules having common covalent reactive groups as warheads, such as acrylamides, activated terminal acetylenes, Sulfonyl fluorides/esters, cloracetamides, alkyl halides, epoxides, aziridines, disulfides, etc.

HY-L036P

Covalent Screening Library Plus	5,720 compounds
Small molecule covalent inhibitors, or irreversible inhibitors, are a type of inhibitors that exert their biological functions by irreversibly binding to target through covalent bonds. Compared with non-covalent inhibitors, covalent inhibitors have obvious advantages in bioactivity, such that covalent warheads can target rare residues of a particular target protein, thus leading to the development of highly selective inhibitors and achieving a more complete and continued target occupancy in living systems. In recent years, the distinct strengths of covalent inhibitors in overcoming drug resistance had been recognized. However, toxicity can be a real challenge related to this class of therapeutics due to their potential for off-target reactivity and has led to these drugs being disfavored as a drug class. The drug design and optimization of covalent inhibitors has become a hot spot in drug discovery. MCE covalent inhibitor library contains 5,720 small molecules including identified covalent inhibitors and other molecules having common covalent reactive groups as warheads, such as acrylamides, activated terminal acetylenes, sulfonyl fluorides/esters, cloracetamides, alkyl halides, epoxides, aziridines, disulfides, etc. MCE Covalent inhibitor Library plus, with more powerful screening capability, further complement Covalent inhibitor Library (HY-L036) by adding some fragment compounds with covalent warheads.

Covalent Screening Library Plus

5,720 compounds

Small molecule covalent inhibitors, or irreversible inhibitors, are a type of inhibitors that exert their biological functions by irreversibly binding to target through covalent bonds. Compared with non-covalent inhibitors, covalent inhibitors have obvious advantages in bioactivity, such that covalent warheads can target rare residues of a particular target protein, thus leading to the development of highly selective inhibitors and achieving a more complete and continued target occupancy in living systems. In recent years, the distinct strengths of covalent inhibitors in overcoming drug resistance had been recognized. However, toxicity can be a real challenge related to this class of therapeutics due to their potential for off-target reactivity and has led to these drugs being disfavored as a drug class. The drug design and optimization of covalent inhibitors has become a hot spot in drug discovery.

MCE covalent inhibitor library contains 5,720 small molecules including identified covalent inhibitors and other molecules having common covalent reactive groups as warheads, such as acrylamides, activated terminal acetylenes, sulfonyl fluorides/esters, cloracetamides, alkyl halides, epoxides, aziridines, disulfides, etc.

MCE Covalent inhibitor Library plus, with more powerful screening capability, further complement Covalent inhibitor Library (HY-L036) by adding some fragment compounds with covalent warheads.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-15917A

L-Dithiothreitol 1 Publications Verification	Carbohydrates
L-Dithiothreitol (DTT) is a reducing agent commonly used in various biochemical applications to break disulfide bonds in proteins, thereby denaturing proteins or preventing the formation of unwanted aggregates. DTT has a unique chemical property that cleaves the sulfur-sulfur bond in the disulfide bond to form a sulfhydryl group. This makes it a useful tool for protein purification, enzyme assays, and protein structure studies.

L-Dithiothreitol

1 Publications Verification

Carbohydrates

L-Dithiothreitol (DTT) is a reducing agent commonly used in various biochemical applications to break disulfide bonds in proteins, thereby denaturing proteins or preventing the formation of unwanted aggregates. DTT has a unique chemical property that cleaves the sulfur-sulfur bond in the disulfide bond to form a sulfhydryl group. This makes it a useful tool for protein purification, enzyme assays, and protein structure studies.

HY-139306

BAMEA-O16B	Drug Delivery
BAMEAO16B is a lipid nanoparticle. BAMEAO16B integrated with disulfide bonds, can efficiently deliver Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA into cells while releasing RNA in response to the reductive intracellular environment for genome editing. BAMEAO16B can be used for the research of gene editing .

HY-W010572

1-Thioglycerol alpha-Thioglycerol	Biochemical Assay Reagents
1-Thioglycerol, commonly used as a reducing agent in various biochemical and biophysical applications, especially in protein chemistry and molecular biology, it can protect proteins from oxidation and denaturation, and can reduce disulfide bonds to thiols base, which can then be modified or analyzed. In addition, 1-Thioglycerol has been investigated for potential medical applications, including as an inhibitor of cystic fibrosis, which may help improve the function of lung cells, and has also been studied for Used in the preparation of metal nanoparticles and as a stabilizer for certain pharmaceutical preparations.

1-Thioglycerol

alpha-Thioglycerol

Biochemical Assay Reagents

1-Thioglycerol, commonly used as a reducing agent in various biochemical and biophysical applications, especially in protein chemistry and molecular biology, it can protect proteins from oxidation and denaturation, and can reduce disulfide bonds to thiols base, which can then be modified or analyzed. In addition, 1-Thioglycerol has been investigated for potential medical applications, including as an inhibitor of cystic fibrosis, which may help improve the function of lung cells, and has also been studied for Used in the preparation of metal nanoparticles and as a stabilizer for certain pharmaceutical preparations.

HY-W010572R

1-Thioglycerol (Standard)	Biochemical Assay Reagents
1-Thioglycerol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 1-Thioglycerol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 1-Thioglycerol, commonly used as a reducing agent in various biochemical and biophysical applications, especially in protein chemistry and molecular biology, it can protect proteins from oxidation and denaturation, and can reduce disulfide bonds to thiols base, which can then be modified or analyzed. In addition, 1-Thioglycerol has been investigated for potential medical applications, including as an inhibitor of cystic fibrosis, which may help improve the function of lung cells, and has also been studied for Used in the preparation of metal nanoparticles and as a stabilizer for certain pharmaceutical preparations.

1-Thioglycerol (Standard)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

1-Thioglycerol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 1-Thioglycerol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 1-Thioglycerol, commonly used as a reducing agent in various biochemical and biophysical applications, especially in protein chemistry and molecular biology, it can protect proteins from oxidation and denaturation, and can reduce disulfide bonds to thiols base, which can then be modified or analyzed. In addition, 1-Thioglycerol has been investigated for potential medical applications, including as an inhibitor of cystic fibrosis, which may help improve the function of lung cells, and has also been studied for Used in the preparation of metal nanoparticles and as a stabilizer for certain pharmaceutical preparations.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P3269

Calciseptin	Calcium Channel	Others
Calciseptine, a natural?neurotoxin?isolated from the black mamba Dendroaspis p. polylepis venom. Calciseptine consists of 60 amino acids with four disulfide bonds. Calciseptine specifically blocks L-type?calcium channel_[1].

HY-P5167

GsAF-1	Peptides	Inflammation/Immunology
GsAF-1 is a peptide toxin containing three disulfide bonds. GsAF-1 can be isolated from the venom of the Chilean pink tarantula. GsAF-1 can be used for research of moderate-to-severe pain .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P99612

Farletuzumab ecteribulin MORAb-202	Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs)	Cancer
Farletuzumab ecteribulin (MORAb-202) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), consisting of the humanized anti-human folate receptor alpha (FRA) antibody Farletuzumab (HY-P99153) conjugated via reduced interchain disulfide bonds to Mal-PEG2-Val-Cit-PAB-eribulin. Farletuzumab ecteribulin has a agent-to-antibody ratio of 4.0. Farletuzumab ecteribulin is highly cytotoxic to FRA-positive cells in vitro. Farletuzumab ecteribulin has potent antitumor activity.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-Y0682S

EDTA-d12
EDTA-d₁₂ is the deuterium labeled Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid[1]. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a metal chelators (binds to metal divalent and trivalent cations including calcium), which shows activities of anticoagulant and anti-hypercalcemic. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid decreases the metal ion-catalyzed oxidative damage to proteins, and allows maintenance of reducing environment during protein purification. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid can also decrease the formation of disulfide bonds[2][3][4].

EDTA-d12

EDTA-d₁₂ is the deuterium labeled Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid[1]. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a metal chelators (binds to metal divalent and trivalent cations including calcium), which shows activities of anticoagulant and anti-hypercalcemic. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid decreases the metal ion-catalyzed oxidative damage to proteins, and allows maintenance of reducing environment during protein purification. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid can also decrease the formation of disulfide bonds[2][3][4].

HY-Y0682S1

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-d16
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-d₁₆ is the deuterium labeled Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid[1]. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a metal chelators (binds to metal divalent and trivalent cations including calcium), which shows activities of anticoagulant and anti-hypercalcemic. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid decreases the metal ion-catalyzed oxidative damage to proteins, and allows maintenance of reducing environment during protein purification. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid can also decrease the formation of disulfide bonds[2][3][4].

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-d16

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-d₁₆ is the deuterium labeled Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid[1]. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a metal chelators (binds to metal divalent and trivalent cations including calcium), which shows activities of anticoagulant and anti-hypercalcemic. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid decreases the metal ion-catalyzed oxidative damage to proteins, and allows maintenance of reducing environment during protein purification. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid can also decrease the formation of disulfide bonds[2][3][4].

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-139306

BAMEA-O16B		Cationic Lipids
BAMEAO16B is a lipid nanoparticle. BAMEAO16B integrated with disulfide bonds, can efficiently deliver Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA into cells while releasing RNA in response to the reductive intracellular environment for genome editing. BAMEAO16B can be used for the research of gene editing .

HY-W590531

80-O16B		Cationic Lipids
80-O16B is an ionizable cationic lipid containing disulfide bonds that can be used to prepare lipid nanoparticles (LNP) .

HY-159711

PPPDA-O16B		Cationic Lipids
PPPDA-O16B is a lipid containing disulfide bonds used for DNA delivery. PPPDA-O16B can encapsulate DNA plasmid, releasing DNA selectively via lipid degradation catalyzed by GSH .

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Remarks

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

Inhibitory Antibodies

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Oligonucleotides