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4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide is a metabolite of 4-vinylcyclohexene that can specifically destroy oocytes in primordial and primary follicles of rats and mice. 4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide induces apoptosis in rat cells is associated with activation of a caspase-mediated cascade .
Urofollitropin is a protein extract of human menopausal urine. Urofollitropin has the function of promoting follicle development and maturation, but contains very small amounts of urinary proteins .
FSH receptor antagonist 1 (compound 10) is a potent antagonist of the G(s)-protein-coupled human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor. FSH receptor antagonist 1 exhibits an IC500 of 28 nM on a cell line expressing the human FSH receptor. FSH receptor antagonist 1 significantly inhibits follicle growth and ovulation in an ex vivo mouse model .
Menotropin (Menotrophin) is a hormone that can be extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women and has both follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) activity .
TOP5668 is an orally active follicle-stimulating hormone receptor allosteric agonist. TOP5668 can induce the production of testosterone in stromal cells and promote follicular genesis and superovulation in rats .
TOP5300 is an orally active follicle-stimulating hormone receptor allosteric agonist. TOP5300 can induce the production of testosterone in stromal cells and promote follicular genesis and superovulation in rats .
FSHR agonist 1 is a high affinity and allosteric follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) agonist with a pEC50 of 7.72. FSHR agonist 1 formes extensive interactions with the TMD to directly activate FSHR .
Histrelin acetate, a GnRH analogue, is a GnRH Receptor agonist. Histrelin acetate increases serum luteinising hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels. Histrelin acetate can be used in the research of prostate cancer, endometriosis .
Histrelin, a GnRH analogue, is a GnRH Receptor agonist. Histrelin increases serum luteinising hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels. Histrelin can be used in the research of prostate cancer, endometriosis .
Human follicular gonadotropin releasing peptide (hF-GRP) is a hormone peptide. Human follicular gonadotropin releasing peptide can stimulate pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion in vitro .
N-Acetyl-4-S-mercaptoaminophenol (N-Ac-4-S-CAP) is a compound that is selectively cytotoxic to melanocytes of black mouse hair follicles. It can cause 98% depigmentation of black mouse hair follicles. N-Ac-4-S-CAP can produce visible changes in hair follicle melanocytes 4 hours after intraperitoneal injection, including aggregation of melanin granules and nuclear condensation. Electron microscopy observations showed that it caused progressive destruction of melanocytes, including swelling of membranous organelles, nuclear condensation, and cytoplasmic vacuolation, ultimately leading to complete cell necrosis. N-Ac-4-S-CAP has a specific cytotoxic effect on melanocytes that actively produce eumelanin, but may not affect precursor or dormant melanocytes. These properties suggest that N-Ac-4-S-CAP may have potential application value in the treatment of melanoma or skin whitening.
DCOIT is a representative isothiazolinone that stimulates the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR)-mediated synthesis of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in the brain. DCOIT interferes with G protein-coupled receptors, MAPK and Ca 2+ signaling cascades .
Corifollitropin alfa (Org 36286) is a long-acting recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) analog. Corifollitropin alfa is a FSH Receptor agonist with an EC50 of 5.0 pM. Corifollitropin alfa stimulates ovulation and can be used in the research of infertility .
DS1 is a potent GABAA agonist. DS1 increases the activity of serum response element (SRE) and cAMP response element (CRE) promoters. DS1 induces luteinizing hormone beta (LHbeta) and follicle-stimulating hormone beta (FSHbeta) promoter activity .
GnRH Associated Peptide (GAP) (1-13), human is an amino acid peptide fragment derived from GnRH. GAP can increase the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in rat anterior pituitary cells. GAP also inhibit the secretion of prolactin .
ADX61623 is a potent follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor (FSHR) negative allosteric modulator (NAM). ADX61623 shows luteinizing hormone receptor (LH-R) activity and is not active on thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors. ADX61623 can be used for the study of estrogen dependent disease .
(D-Ser4,D-Ser(tBu)6,Azagly10)-LHRH is an analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). LHRH plays a central role in the control of reproduction by stimulating the release of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) .
(D-Tyr5,D-Ser(tBu)6,Azagly10)-LHRH is an analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). LHRH plays a central role in the control of reproduction by stimulating the release of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) .
(D-Ser(tBu)6,D-Leu7,Azagly10)-LHRH is an analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). LHRH plays a central role in the control of reproduction by stimulating the release of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) .
Thyroglobulin is a 660 kDa, dimeric glycoprotein produced by the follicular cells of the thyroid and used entirely within the thyroid gland. Thyroglobulin acts as a substrate for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), as well as the storage of the inactive forms of thyroid hormone and iodine within the follicular lumen of a thyroid follicle .
Propylparaben sodium (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben sodium is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben sodium disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben sodium also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats .
hFSH-β-(33-53) TFA, a thiol-containing peptide which corresponds to a second FSH receptor-binding domain, is a FSHR (follicle-stimulating hormone receptor) antagonist. hFSH-β-(33-53) TFA inhibits binding of FSH to receptor and is a partial agonist of estradiol synthesis in Sertoli cells .
Minoxidil sulfate, a potent and ATP-sensitive K + channel opener, is the sulfated metabolite of minoxidil. Minoxidil sulfate is considered as a vasodilator to promote hair growth in vivo .
RFRP-3 (mouse) is a functional ortholog of avian gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH), binding to GPR147. RFRP-3 (mouse) reduces Progesterone synthesis by inhibiting FSHR and key enzymes involved in steroidogenesis (P450scc, 3β-HSD, StAR). RFRP-3 (mouse) induces Apoptosis (increase of p53). RFRP-3 (mouse) also suppresses the ERK signaling pathway. RFRP-3 (mouse) can be used for research of follicular development .
3-Campholenyl-2-butanol, a synthetic sandalwood odorant, is a selective olfactory receptor OR2AT4 agonist. 3-Campholenyl-2-butanol prolongs human hair growth ex vivo by decreasing apoptosis and increasing production of the anagen-prolonging growth factor IGF-1 in the outer root sheath (ORS) .
Propylparaben-d4 is the deuterium labeled Propylparaben[1]. Propylparaben (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats[2][3][4].
MPC-IN-1 (compound 4i) is a cyanocinnamate-based, mitochondrial pyruvate transporter (MPC) inhibitor, and is a derivative of UK-5099 (HY-15475). MPC inhibitors promote the development of hair follicle stem cells without affecting normal cells. MPC-IN-1 promotes cellular lactate production and promotes significant hair growth in mice, and has the potential to be used to inhibit hair loss .
Propylparaben (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Propylparaben (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Propylparaben sodium (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben sodium is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben sodium disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben sodium also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats .
Propylparaben-d7 (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate-d7) is the deuterium labeled Propylparaben (HY-N2026) . Propylparaben (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats .
5α-Pregnane-3α,20α-diol (Allopregnanediol) is a derivative of progesterone and is one of the various steroids secreted by the ovaries of rats. 5α-Pregnane-3α,20α-diol can significantly stimulate the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) in castrated rats that have been pre-treated with estrogen, while simultaneously inhibiting the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) .
Linzagolix choline (KLH-2109 choline) is a non-peptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist with oral activity. Linzagolix choline inhibits the release of endogenous gonadotropins such as luteinizing hormone LH and follicle-stimulating hormone FSH by binding to the GnRH receptor within the pituitary gland. This inhibition results in a reduction in the production of sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, which in turn affects the course of sex hormone-dependent diseases. Linzagolix choline can be used in the study of sex hormone-dependent diseases such as endometriosis and uterine fibroids .
PROTAC AR Degrader-9 (Compound c6) is a PROTAC degrader for androgen receptor, that degrades AR in human hair follicle papilla cells (HDPCs) with a DC50 of 262.38 nM. PROTAC AR Degrader-9 promotes the expressions of paracrine factors, such as TGF-β1 and β-catenin, exhibits hair regenerating efficacy in mouse models . (Pink: ligand for target protein AR ligand-38 (HY-170450); Black: linker; Blue: ligand for E3 ligase Cereblon (HY-170449))
o,p'-DDE (2,4-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene) is a metabolite and degradation product of the organochlorine pesticide DDT. It accumulates in smallmouth buffalo, channel catfish, and largemouth bass, and in sediments from DDT manufacturing plants around the Huntsville Spring Branch-Indian Creek tributary system, where it is considered a persistent organic pollutant (POP). o,p'-DDE inhibits estrogen binding to the rainbow trout estrogen receptor (rtER) with an IC50 value of 3.2 μM. It induces concentration-dependent estradiol secretion in co-cultures of granulosa and theca cells isolated from porcine follicles. In ovo exposure to o,p'-DDE increases follicular degeneration and reduces testis size in Japanese medaka (O. latipes).
Thyroglobulin is a 660 kDa, dimeric glycoprotein produced by the follicular cells of the thyroid and used entirely within the thyroid gland. Thyroglobulin acts as a substrate for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), as well as the storage of the inactive forms of thyroid hormone and iodine within the follicular lumen of a thyroid follicle .
Menotropin (Menotrophin) is a hormone that can be extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women and has both follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) activity .
Acetyl tetrapeptide-3 combined with Biochanin A (HY-14595) and Acetyl tetrapeptide-3, can stimulate dermal papilla extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by increasing hydroxyproline, Collagen Type 3, and laminin, yielding a significant improvement in hair follicle size and hair anchoring .
Histrelin acetate, a GnRH analogue, is a GnRH Receptor agonist. Histrelin acetate increases serum luteinising hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels. Histrelin acetate can be used in the research of prostate cancer, endometriosis .
GnRH Associated Peptide (GAP) (1-13), human is an amino acid peptide fragment derived from GnRH. GAP can increase the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in rat anterior pituitary cells. GAP also inhibit the secretion of prolactin .
Urofollitropin is a protein extract of human menopausal urine. Urofollitropin has the function of promoting follicle development and maturation, but contains very small amounts of urinary proteins .
Kentsin, a contraceptive tetrapeptide, is originally extracted from hamster embryos. Kentsin prevents the maturation of Graafian follicles and consequently inhibits ovulation. Kentsin has opiate properties on gastrointestinal motility .
Histrelin, a GnRH analogue, is a GnRH Receptor agonist. Histrelin increases serum luteinising hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels. Histrelin can be used in the research of prostate cancer, endometriosis .
Human follicular gonadotropin releasing peptide (hF-GRP) is a hormone peptide. Human follicular gonadotropin releasing peptide can stimulate pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion in vitro .
(D-Ser4,D-Ser(tBu)6,Azagly10)-LHRH is an analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). LHRH plays a central role in the control of reproduction by stimulating the release of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) .
(D-Tyr5,D-Ser(tBu)6,Azagly10)-LHRH is an analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). LHRH plays a central role in the control of reproduction by stimulating the release of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) .
(D-Ser(tBu)6,D-Leu7,Azagly10)-LHRH is an analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). LHRH plays a central role in the control of reproduction by stimulating the release of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) .
hFSH-β-(33-53) TFA, a thiol-containing peptide which corresponds to a second FSH receptor-binding domain, is a FSHR (follicle-stimulating hormone receptor) antagonist. hFSH-β-(33-53) TFA inhibits binding of FSH to receptor and is a partial agonist of estradiol synthesis in Sertoli cells .
RFRP-3 (mouse) is a functional ortholog of avian gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH), binding to GPR147. RFRP-3 (mouse) reduces Progesterone synthesis by inhibiting FSHR and key enzymes involved in steroidogenesis (P450scc, 3β-HSD, StAR). RFRP-3 (mouse) induces Apoptosis (increase of p53). RFRP-3 (mouse) also suppresses the ERK signaling pathway. RFRP-3 (mouse) can be used for research of follicular development .
Corifollitropin alfa (Org 36286) is a long-acting recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) analog. Corifollitropin alfa is a FSH Receptor agonist with an EC50 of 5.0 pM. Corifollitropin alfa stimulates ovulation and can be used in the research of infertility .
Propylparaben sodium (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben sodium is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben sodium disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben sodium also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats .
Propylparaben (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Propylparaben (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Propylparaben sodium (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben sodium is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben sodium disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben sodium also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats .
FSHR, a G protein-coupled receptor, specifically recognizes follitropin (FSH) and activates PI3K-AKT and ERK1/ERK2 pathways by promoting cAMP production. Operating as a homotrimer, FSHR binds the heterodimeric FSH hormone, forming a functional unit for signal transduction. Its regulatory mechanisms involve interaction with ARRB2, and independently of FSH stimulation, it engages with APPL2, demonstrating versatility in diverse cellular contexts. FSHR Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived FSHR protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag.
The CG alpha protein, a shared alpha chain in glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, FSH, CG), binds to receptors, initiating signaling pathways. Heterodimeric hormones involve CG alpha and a specific beta chain (TSHB, LHB, FSHB, CGB), imparting biological specificity. FSH Protein, Human (HEK293, Fc) is a recombinant protein dimer complex containing human-derived FSH protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-hFc labeled tag. FSH Protein, Human (HEK293, Fc), has molecular weight of ~23-24.3 & 45-49 kDa, respectively.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein dimer polypeptide hormone produced by the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus, which consists of Glycoprotein hormones α chain and Follitropin subunit β. FSH binds to FSHR, a G protein-coupled receptor, on target cells to activate downstream signaling pathways. FSH is involved in follicle development and spermatogenesis in reproductive organs. FSH Protein, Human (HEK293, Flag-His) is a recombinant protein with a Flag-His label that consisting of 116 amino acids of Glycoprotein hormones α chain and 129 amino acids of Follitropin subunit β, which is expressed in HEK293 cells.
The FSH beta protein and the alpha chain CGA form follicle-stimulating hormone, which gives the hormone heterodimer biological specificity. It binds to FSHR on target cells and initiates downstream signaling, which is critical for follicle development and spermatogenesis. FSH beta Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived FSH beta protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of FSH beta Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 111 a.a., with molecular weight of ~21.0 kDa.
The CG alpha protein, a shared alpha chain in glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, FSH, CG), binds to receptors, initiating signaling pathways. Heterodimeric hormones involve CG alpha and a specific beta chain (TSHB, LHB, FSHB, CGB), imparting biological specificity. CG alpha Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived CG alpha protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of CG alpha Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 92 a.a., with molecular weight of 20-28 kDa.
The CG alpha protein, a shared alpha chain in glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, FSH, CG), binds to receptors, initiating signaling pathways. Heterodimeric hormones involve CG alpha and a specific beta chain (TSHB, LHB, FSHB, CGB), imparting biological specificity. CGA-CGB3 Heterodimer Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is a recombinant protein dimer complex containing human-derived CGA-CGB3 Heterodimer protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. CGA-CGB3 Heterodimer Protein, Human (HEK293, His), has molecular weight of 22 & 30-35 kDa, respectively.
The INHBA protein plays a key role in regulating pituitary function by regulating follicle-stimulating hormone secretion together with activin. Its broad effects span a variety of physiological processes, including hormone secretion, germ cell development, erythrocyte differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic development, and bone growth, depending on unique subunit composition. Animal-Free Activin A Protein, Human/Mouse/Rat (His) is the recombinant human, rat, mouse-derived animal-FreeActivin A protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free Activin A Protein, Human/Mouse/Rat (His) is 116 a.a., with molecular weight of ~13.9 kDa.
Propylparaben-d4 is the deuterium labeled Propylparaben[1]. Propylparaben (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats[2][3][4].
Propylparaben-d7 (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate-d7) is the deuterium labeled Propylparaben (HY-N2026) . Propylparaben (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats .
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