mitochondrial inner membrane

Pathways Recommended:	Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel

By Targets:	11β-HSD (1) AMPK (1) Antibiotic (1) Apoptosis (6) ATP Synthase (2) Autophagy (1) Bacterial (2) Biochemical Assay Reagents (3) Endogenous Metabolite (6) Fluorescent Dye (2) Fungal (1) G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 (6) HIV Integrase (1) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (1) Ligands for Target Protein for PROTAC (1) NF-κB (6) PARP (6) PKA (6) Reactive Oxygen Species (2) STAT (1)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (3) Infection (5) Inflammation/Immunology (7) Metabolic Disease (1) Neurological Disease (7)
Oligonucleotides:	Phospholipids (1)

Targets Recommended: Mitochondrial Metabolism Mitophagy PSMA

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-D0876

POPSO	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
POPSO is a zwitterionic buffer, increases osmolality and shows marked inhibition of anion uniport. POPSO inhibits chloride uniport with an IC₅₀ value of 24 mM. POPSO enhances copper uptake and toxicity in alga, impairs mitochondrial inner membrane. The working pH range of POPSO sesquisodium salt is 7.2-8.5 .

HY-D2346

HBmito Crimson 2 Publications Verification	Fluorescent Dye	Others
HBmito Crimson is a deep red fluorescent probe (λex: 658 nm, λem: 678 nm) for the inner mitochondrial membrane. HBmito Crimson is a cell membrane-permeable probe with high selectivity for the mitochondrial inner membrane, suitable for specific fluorescence staining of the inner mitochondrial membrane in living cells. HBmito Crimson has high photostability and brightness, suitable for long-term dynamic fluorescence imaging.

HY-136406

Bongkrekic acid	ATP Synthase	Infection Cancer
Bongkrekic acid is a mitochondrial toxin secreted by the bacteria Pseudomonas cocovenenans . Bongkrekic acid specific ligand for mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) rather than the electron transport chain. Bongkrekic acid has to cross the mitochondrial inner membrane to produce its inhibitory effect on ADP/ATP transport .

HY-150407

TSPO ligand-1	Ligands for Target Protein for PROTAC Autophagy	Others Neurological Disease Cancer
TSPO ligand-1 is the ligand of AUTAC4 (HY-134640) that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs. TSPO ligand-1 is a mitochondrial outer membrane transmembrane structural domain protein can bind to AUTAC4 and regulate mitochondrial autophagy to promote targeted mitochondrial renewal. TSPO ligand-1 is also involved in the transport of cholesterol from the outer to inner mitochondrial membrane and serves as a sensitive biomarker of brain injury and neurodegeneration .

HY-B1899

Taurodeoxycholic acid 5 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 PARP Apoptosis NF-κB PKA	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt is a bile salt-related anionic detergent. Taurodeoxycholic acid is formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with Taurine (HY-B0351). Taurodeoxycholic acid is used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. Taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects .

HY-128853

Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt 5 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 PARP Apoptosis NF-κB PKA	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt is a bile salt-related anionic detergent. Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt is formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with Taurine (HY-B0351). Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt is used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. Taurodeoxycholate (TDCA) exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects .

HY-138905

S-15176 difumarate	Biochemical Assay Reagents
S-15176 difumarate is a compound with the activity of regulating mitochondrial membrane potential. S-15176 difumarate can act on the inner mitochondrial membrane to change the mitochondrial membrane potential.

HY-148979

1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine SAPE	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine (SAPE) is a naturally-occurring phospholipid that can be found in inner mitochondrial membrane (MITO) .

HY-P10618

BTM-P1	Bacterial	Infection
BTM-P1 is a polycationic peptide that exhibits antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. BTM-P1 can form ion-permeable channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane to interfere with mitochondrial energy processes .

HY-N11772R

Mutanocyclin (Standard)	Fungal	Infection
Taurodeoxycholate (sodium salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Taurodeoxycholate (sodium salt). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt is a bile salt-related anionic detergent used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. Taurodeoxycholate (TDCA) inhibits various inflammatory responses .

HY-136406S

Bongkrekic acid-13C28	Isotope-Labeled Compounds ATP Synthase	Cancer
Bongkrekic acid- ¹³C₂₈ is the ¹³C labeled Bongkrekic acid (HY-136406). Bongkrekic acid is a mitochondrial toxin secreted by the bacteria Pseudomonas cocovenenans. Bongkrekic acid specific ligand for mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) rather than the electron transport chain. Bongkrekic acid has to cross the mitochondrial inner membrane to produce its inhibitory effect on ADP/ATP transport .

HY-W089835

Sodium taurodeoxycholate hydrate 5 Publications Verification	G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 Endogenous Metabolite PARP Apoptosis NF-κB PKA	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Sodium taurodeoxycholate hydrate is a bile salt-related anionic detergent. Sodium taurodeoxycholate hydrate is formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with Taurine (HY-B0351). Sodium taurodeoxycholate hydrate is used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. Taurodeoxycholate-d₆ (TDCA) exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects .

HY-128853R

Taurodeoxycholate (sodium salt) (Standard)	Endogenous Metabolite G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 PARP Apoptosis NF-κB PKA	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt (Standard) is a bile salt (Standard)-related anionic detergent. Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt (Standard) is formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with Taurine (HY-B0351). Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt (Standard) is used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. Taurodeoxycholate (TDCA) exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects .

HY-B1899R

Taurodeoxycholic acid (Standard)	Endogenous Metabolite G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 PARP Apoptosis NF-κB PKA	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Taurodeoxycholic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Taurodeoxycholic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt is a bile salt-related anionic detergent. Taurodeoxycholic acid is formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with Taurine (HY-B0351). Taurodeoxycholic acid is used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. Taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects[1][2][3][9][10].

HY-125623

MitoPerOx	Fluorescent Dye	Others
MitoPerOx is a mitochondrial-targeted, lipid peroxidation-indicating fluorescent probe with BODIPY581/591 fluorophores. The triphenylphosphine cation (TPP+) of MitoPerOx can be selectively enriched in mitochondria (depending on membrane potential) and can be used to detect lipid peroxidation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Under the action of lipid peroxides, the BODIPY581/591 fluorophores of MitoPerOx shift their emission wavelength from 590 nm (reduced state) to 520 nm (oxidized state), and ratiometric detection can be performed at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm. MitoPerOx can specifically monitor the peroxidation of mitochondrial phospholipids (especially cardiolipin) and is used in the study of oxidative stress-related diseases (such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction)[1][2].

HY-128853S

Taurodeoxycholate-d6 sodium salt	Endogenous Metabolite G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 PARP Apoptosis NF-κB PKA	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Taurodeoxycholate-d₆ sodium salt is a bile salt-related anionic detergent. Taurodeoxycholate-d₆ sodium salt is formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with Taurine (HY-B0351). Taurodeoxycholate-d₆ sodium salt is used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. Taurodeoxycholate-d₆ (TDCA) exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects .

HY-W002620A

Emoxypine succinate 2-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine succinate	Reactive Oxygen Species	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Emoxypine succinate is an antioxidant. Emoxypine succinate can be used for the research of post-traumatic .

HY-N6711

Equisetin	HIV Integrase Bacterial Antibiotic Reactive Oxygen Species STAT AMPK 11β-HSD	Infection Metabolic Disease
Equisetin is an N-methylserine-derived acyl tetramic acid, quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI), herbicides and antibiotics. Equisetin specifically inhibits the anionic carriers of substrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Equisetin inhibits the activity of HIV-1 integrase, 11β-HSD1, and 2,4-dinitrophenol (Dnp)-stimulated ATPase (IC₅₀ = ~8 nmol per mg of protein). Equisetin exhibits growth inhibition of bacteria, anti-inflammatory, amelioration of lipid-associated disorders, and cytotoxic effects .

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L144

Mitochondrial Protection Compound Library	851 compounds
Normal mitochondrial function is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis because mitochondria produce ATP and are the major intracellular source of free radicals. Cellular dysfunctions induced by intracellular or extracellular insults converge on mitochondria and induce a sudden increase in permeability on the inner mitochondrial membrane, the so-called mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MMPT). MMPT is caused by the opening of pores in the inner mitochondrial membrane, matrix swelling, and outer membrane rupture. The MMPT is an endpoint to initiate cell death because the pore opening together with the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c activates the apoptotic pathway of caspases. The normal operation of mitochondrial function is important for maintaining normal cell death and treatment of mitochondrial diseases. MCE offers a unique collection of 851 compounds with identified and potential mitochondrial protective activity. MCE Mitochondrial Protection Compound Library is critical for drug discovery and development.

Mitochondrial Protection Compound Library

851 compounds

Normal mitochondrial function is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis because mitochondria produce ATP and are the major intracellular source of free radicals. Cellular dysfunctions induced by intracellular or extracellular insults converge on mitochondria and induce a sudden increase in permeability on the inner mitochondrial membrane, the so-called mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MMPT). MMPT is caused by the opening of pores in the inner mitochondrial membrane, matrix swelling, and outer membrane rupture. The MMPT is an endpoint to initiate cell death because the pore opening together with the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c activates the apoptotic pathway of caspases.

The normal operation of mitochondrial function is important for maintaining normal cell death and treatment of mitochondrial diseases. MCE offers a unique collection of 851 compounds with identified and potential mitochondrial protective activity. MCE Mitochondrial Protection Compound Library is critical for drug discovery and development.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-D2346

HBmito Crimson 2 Publications Verification	Dyes
HBmito Crimson is a deep red fluorescent probe (λex: 658 nm, λem: 678 nm) for the inner mitochondrial membrane. HBmito Crimson is a cell membrane-permeable probe with high selectivity for the mitochondrial inner membrane, suitable for specific fluorescence staining of the inner mitochondrial membrane in living cells. HBmito Crimson has high photostability and brightness, suitable for long-term dynamic fluorescence imaging.

HBmito Crimson

2 Publications Verification

Dyes

HBmito Crimson is a deep red fluorescent probe (λex: 658 nm, λem: 678 nm) for the inner mitochondrial membrane. HBmito Crimson is a cell membrane-permeable probe with high selectivity for the mitochondrial inner membrane, suitable for specific fluorescence staining of the inner mitochondrial membrane in living cells. HBmito Crimson has high photostability and brightness, suitable for long-term dynamic fluorescence imaging.

HY-125623

MitoPerOx	Fluorescent Dyes/Probes
MitoPerOx is a mitochondrial-targeted, lipid peroxidation-indicating fluorescent probe with BODIPY581/591 fluorophores. The triphenylphosphine cation (TPP+) of MitoPerOx can be selectively enriched in mitochondria (depending on membrane potential) and can be used to detect lipid peroxidation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Under the action of lipid peroxides, the BODIPY581/591 fluorophores of MitoPerOx shift their emission wavelength from 590 nm (reduced state) to 520 nm (oxidized state), and ratiometric detection can be performed at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm. MitoPerOx can specifically monitor the peroxidation of mitochondrial phospholipids (especially cardiolipin) and is used in the study of oxidative stress-related diseases (such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction)[1][2].

MitoPerOx

Fluorescent Dyes/Probes

MitoPerOx is a mitochondrial-targeted, lipid peroxidation-indicating fluorescent probe with BODIPY581/591 fluorophores. The triphenylphosphine cation (TPP+) of MitoPerOx can be selectively enriched in mitochondria (depending on membrane potential) and can be used to detect lipid peroxidation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Under the action of lipid peroxides, the BODIPY581/591 fluorophores of MitoPerOx shift their emission wavelength from 590 nm (reduced state) to 520 nm (oxidized state), and ratiometric detection can be performed at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm. MitoPerOx can specifically monitor the peroxidation of mitochondrial phospholipids (especially cardiolipin) and is used in the study of oxidative stress-related diseases (such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction)[1][2].

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-D0876

POPSO	Buffer Reagents
POPSO is a zwitterionic buffer, increases osmolality and shows marked inhibition of anion uniport. POPSO inhibits chloride uniport with an IC₅₀ value of 24 mM. POPSO enhances copper uptake and toxicity in alga, impairs mitochondrial inner membrane. The working pH range of POPSO sesquisodium salt is 7.2-8.5 .

HY-138905

S-15176 difumarate	Cell Assay Reagents
S-15176 difumarate is a compound with the activity of regulating mitochondrial membrane potential. S-15176 difumarate can act on the inner mitochondrial membrane to change the mitochondrial membrane potential.

HY-148979

1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine SAPE	Drug Delivery
1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine (SAPE) is a naturally-occurring phospholipid that can be found in inner mitochondrial membrane (MITO) .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P10618

BTM-P1	Bacterial	Infection
BTM-P1 is a polycationic peptide that exhibits antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. BTM-P1 can form ion-permeable channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane to interfere with mitochondrial energy processes .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-B1899

Taurodeoxycholic acid 5 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Microorganisms Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 PARP Apoptosis NF-κB PKA
Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt is a bile salt-related anionic detergent. Taurodeoxycholic acid is formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with Taurine (HY-B0351). Taurodeoxycholic acid is used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. Taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects .

HY-128853

Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt 5 Publications Verification	Source classification Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Steroids	Endogenous Metabolite G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 PARP Apoptosis NF-κB PKA
Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt is a bile salt-related anionic detergent. Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt is formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with Taurine (HY-B0351). Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt is used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. Taurodeoxycholate (TDCA) exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects .

HY-W089835

Sodium taurodeoxycholate hydrate 5 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids	G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 Endogenous Metabolite PARP Apoptosis NF-κB PKA
Sodium taurodeoxycholate hydrate is a bile salt-related anionic detergent. Sodium taurodeoxycholate hydrate is formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with Taurine (HY-B0351). Sodium taurodeoxycholate hydrate is used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. Taurodeoxycholate-d₆ (TDCA) exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects .

HY-N6711

Equisetin	Infection Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Source classification Antibacterial Disease Research Disease Research Fields Other Antibiotics	HIV Integrase Bacterial Antibiotic Reactive Oxygen Species STAT AMPK 11β-HSD
Equisetin is an N-methylserine-derived acyl tetramic acid, quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI), herbicides and antibiotics. Equisetin specifically inhibits the anionic carriers of substrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Equisetin inhibits the activity of HIV-1 integrase, 11β-HSD1, and 2,4-dinitrophenol (Dnp)-stimulated ATPase (IC₅₀ = ~8 nmol per mg of protein). Equisetin exhibits growth inhibition of bacteria, anti-inflammatory, amelioration of lipid-associated disorders, and cytotoxic effects .

HY-N11772R

Mutanocyclin (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification	Fungal
Taurodeoxycholate (sodium salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Taurodeoxycholate (sodium salt). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt is a bile salt-related anionic detergent used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. Taurodeoxycholate (TDCA) inhibits various inflammatory responses .

HY-128853R

Taurodeoxycholate (sodium salt) (Standard)	Source classification Endogenous metabolite Steroids	Endogenous Metabolite G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 PARP Apoptosis NF-κB PKA
Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt (Standard) is a bile salt (Standard)-related anionic detergent. Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt (Standard) is formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with Taurine (HY-B0351). Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt (Standard) is used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. Taurodeoxycholate (TDCA) exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects .

HY-B1899R

Taurodeoxycholic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Endogenous metabolite	Endogenous Metabolite G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 PARP Apoptosis NF-κB PKA
Taurodeoxycholic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Taurodeoxycholic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt is a bile salt-related anionic detergent. Taurodeoxycholic acid is formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with Taurine (HY-B0351). Taurodeoxycholic acid is used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. Taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects[1][2][3][9][10].

Tag:	Tag Free (2)
Source:	E. coli (2)

Cat. No.	Compare	Product Name	Species	Source

HY-P71366

	TIM-14 Protein, S.cerevisiae mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit TIM14; Presequencetranslocated associated motor subunit PAM18; PAM18; TIM14	Others	E. coli
	The TIM-14 protein is an important component of the PAM complex and is required for the transport of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner membrane to the mitochondrial matrix using ATP. TIM-14 Protein, S.cerevisiae is the recombinant TIM-14 protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free.

HY-P71367

	TIM-16 Protein, S. cerevisiae mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit TIM16; Presequence translocated-associated motor subunit PAM16; PAM16; TIM16	Others	E. coli
	TIM-16 protein is an important component of the PAM complex, which uses ATP to promote the transfer of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner membrane to the mitochondrial matrix. TIM-16 Protein, S. cerevisiae is the recombinant TIM-16 protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free.

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Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-136406S

Bongkrekic acid-13C28
Bongkrekic acid- ¹³C₂₈ is the ¹³C labeled Bongkrekic acid (HY-136406). Bongkrekic acid is a mitochondrial toxin secreted by the bacteria Pseudomonas cocovenenans. Bongkrekic acid specific ligand for mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) rather than the electron transport chain. Bongkrekic acid has to cross the mitochondrial inner membrane to produce its inhibitory effect on ADP/ATP transport .

Bongkrekic acid-13C28

Bongkrekic acid- ¹³C₂₈ is the ¹³C labeled Bongkrekic acid (HY-136406). Bongkrekic acid is a mitochondrial toxin secreted by the bacteria Pseudomonas cocovenenans. Bongkrekic acid specific ligand for mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) rather than the electron transport chain. Bongkrekic acid has to cross the mitochondrial inner membrane to produce its inhibitory effect on ADP/ATP transport .

HY-128853S

Taurodeoxycholate-d6 sodium salt
Taurodeoxycholate-d₆ sodium salt is a bile salt-related anionic detergent. Taurodeoxycholate-d₆ sodium salt is formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with Taurine (HY-B0351). Taurodeoxycholate-d₆ sodium salt is used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. Taurodeoxycholate-d₆ (TDCA) exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects .

Taurodeoxycholate-d6 sodium salt

Taurodeoxycholate-d₆ sodium salt is a bile salt-related anionic detergent. Taurodeoxycholate-d₆ sodium salt is formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with Taurine (HY-B0351). Taurodeoxycholate-d₆ sodium salt is used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. Taurodeoxycholate-d₆ (TDCA) exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects .

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-160203

18:0 Cardiolipin		Phospholipids
18:0 Cardiolipin (CL) is a polyglycerophospholipid synthesized in mitochondria, playing a crucial role in mitochondrial bioenergetics and signaling. Exclusively found in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes, 18:0 CL exhibits a complex structure characterized by its unique chain length and degree of saturation, along with the specific arrangements of its four fatty acid substituents.

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